4. Which statement seems true according to the passage?

  A. Former naval captains always started new colonies.

  B. The American Revolution had something to do with the convicts.

  C. A great country may grow from a small colony.

  D. Convicts are not easy to be governed.

答案:C  指导:文中只提到“aformernaval captain”,A项显然太武断;B项说美国的独立战争与那些罪犯有关系,这种说法太牵强,综合判断,C项是正确的。

Passage 4

   You would like to take good photographs of real-life situations but you have few ideas for pictures. I suggest you look a- round you. The everyday world is full of scenes being played by an ever-changing group of actors. You probably passed a dozen picture situations without noticing on your way to work this morning.

   The realistic approach (态度) to photograph has been perfected in the past by such masters as Henri Cartier-Bresson and Bill Brand. But while you can learn a great deal from looking at the works of others, any success you can hope to achieve in this field has to come from developing an individual approach.

   The main requirement for any photographer has little to do with technical matters. You must develop an awareness (观察) of the world around you and the people who live in it, and you should learn to notice when a situation may develop to a point where you will be able to take a good picture. Those who have reached this happy state will be prepared when that moment comes, and will simply raise their camera quickly and shoot. Others who are not so aware will be struggling with the camera cases and lens (镜头) caps.

   Film manufactures must be delighted at the'thought of the inexperienced photographer setting out in search of the right situation and the right moment. Many miles of costly material have passed through thousands of cameras as this endless search continues. But although this waste must be put down to inexperience, you'll find that even the professionals have to use a lot of film when they are out shooting.

Not every shot is going to be a winner. If you look at the works of even the best photographers, you'll notice dozens of pictures have had to be taken only because they lead up to the successful shot of a situation that the photographer has obviously been observing through the lens. You may find that you have taken one or two pictures after the right moment has pas- sed as well There is seldom more than one shot which stands out. There is just one point where it all comes together, and often you have to waste film to catch that precious moment. 

4. The book Japanese to Be Read Aloud _________.

  A. sells very well in Japan

  B. is supported by the government

  C. is questioned by the old generation

  D. causes misunderstanding among the readers

答案: A  指导:关于这本书。作者说“are now flying off booksellers’s he lves”,因此选A.

Passage 3

    On May 13,1787, a fleet of English ships set sail for Aus tralia with about 750 people. These men and women were not ordinary passengers, They were convicts being sent to Austial ia as punishment for their crimes.

    Laws in England during this period were very hard, and  people were punished severely for even the smallest crimes. A man could be sentenced to death for hunting on another man's  property or he could be put to death for chopping down someone else's tree. For many other crimes, the punishment was  "transportation". The guilty person was shipped to a distant land where he was forced to work without pay. Often women  and children were shipped to other lands too.

    In 1770, Captain Cook had discovered the continent of Australia and claimed it for England. At first, England found  no use for this vast land on the other side of the world, but then the American Revolution took place. England could no longer ship her convicts to the American colonies (殖民地). So  she turned to Australia as a good place for her prisoners.

    A former naval captain was picked to accompany the convicts to the new colony. His job was to help them build a settlement which he would govern. The captain was glad to go.

  He believed the convicts could learn to live in peace. He felt they would obey the laws in the new country.

     In January 1788, the English fleet and its cargo--the convicts landed on Australia. After days of searching, the captain found a good harbor. The land nearby had trees and streams. The convict colony made a new beginning here. Australia's history thus began.

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