56.Which of the following is NOT true ?

    A.Princeton offers two undergraduate degrees .

    B.An academic year lasts about nine months in Princeton University .

    C.Undergraduates should spend their first two years in one of five colleges .

    D.It’s about an hour’s train ride from Princeton University to the north of New York City .

E

CHESS-playing machines were a common feature at 19th century carnivals . They would take on all competitors and usually won , but they were all frauds -with human beings concealed inside .

Two centuries later , the “machine” is real .

A computer programme , Deep Fritz , held world champion , Vadimir Kramnik , to a 4-4 tie . In doing so , Kramnik fell just short of avenging the 1997 defeat of his predecessor Garry Kasparov at the hands of IBM’s Deep Blue .

Deep Fritz is a commercially available product produced by Germany’s ChessBase GmbH. In this match it was running on 8,900 Mhz processors and could analyze 3 million positions a second .

Kramnik admitted he found the match exhausting . “I need some time to recover,” he said comparing the match with his 2000 defeat of Kasparov .

“The pressure is similar but preparing against a computer is much more difficult . It has all the knowledge and you have to be prepared for all openings . With a human , you know that certain openings don’t suit his style and won’t happen , but not with a computer .”

“The games themselves were different,” he said , “against a computer , you have a feeling that if you make one mistake , it’s over . So it’s like going through a minefield . You’re always watching for tactics , even in a quiet position.”

He also said that computes play faster . “The game has a different rhythm and it puts more pressure on you.”

“The main problem,” he said , “is that you can never understand its logic . In a human sense , it has no logic . With a human opponent , you feel him and you know what path he will take .”

Chess enthusiasts have been arguing for centuries whether chess is an art , a science , a sport or something else .

Kramnik doesn’t’ see the emergence of computers making any difference to this argument . “Chess is very wide . It’s not merely these things but a small model of the world.”

Next spring , Kramnik is scheduled to defend his title as Einstein Classical Chess World Champion against Peter Leko of Hungary . While he welcomes a rematch against Fritz it’s not certain when it will take place .

52.The People’s Bank of China raised interest rates for the first time in nine years for the following reasons EXCEPT      .

    A.It is welcome by most of the Chinese people .

    B.There is a great demand for slowing Chinese economy development to a proper speed.

    C.China has had the fastest economic growth in the world in recent years .

    D.The rise will make people act more cautiously and take less risk when borrowing money .

D

Princeton University

Location

The University is in Princeton , New Jersey . It is an hour’s train ride south of New York City and an hour’s train ride north of Philadelphia .

Students

There are 4,600 undergraduates (本科生). There are also 1,900 graduate students , but Princeton is unusual among universities in having a student body made up largely of undergraduates .

Faculty

Princeton has about 700 full-time Faculty members (教员). There are another 300 or so part-time and visiting faculty . All faculty members at Princeton are expected to teach and research .

Degrees

Princeton offers two undergraduate degrees : the bachelor of arts ( A. B) degree and the bachelor of science in engineering (B. S. E) degree .

Academic Year

All academic year runs from September to late May and lasts two terms (fall and spring ). A normal course load is four or five courses per term , although many students take extra courses .

Residences

Princeton provides housing for all undergraduate students . Freshmen and second-year students are required to spend their first two years in one of five colleges . Each college has its own dining hall , common rooms and computer centers .

Fees and Expenses (Academic Year 2004-2005)

Tuition (学费) : $ 29,910

Room and board : $ 8,387

Other expenses (books , telephone , etc .) : $ 3,083

Total : $ 41,380

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