20．What is the main difference between daydreams and sleep dreams?

　　　　 A．People have daydreams and sleep dreams at different times.

　　　　 B．Daydreams are the result of unconscious mind while sleep dreams are that of conscious mind.

　　　　 C．Daydreams are more harmful.　

19．Which of the following is TRUE?

　　　　 A．An unconscious mind can work all the problems out.

　　　　 B．Daydreaming can give artists and scientists ideas for creation.

　　　　 C．Professor Eric Klinger has a better idea than L. Giambra.

　　　　 D．Early experts fully understood what daydreams were.

18．The writer quoted(引用)L. Giambra and Eric Klinger to 　　　　.

　　　　 A．point out the wrong ideas of early experts　 B．list two different ideas

　　　　 C．support his own idea　　　　　　　　　　 D．report the latest research on daydreams

17．The writer of this passage considers daydreams 　　　　.

　　　　 A．hard to understand 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 B．important and helpful

　　　　 C．harmful and unimportant　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 D．the same as sleep dreams

16．Which of the following is the best title for this passage? 　　　　　.

　　　　 A．American Hospitality　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 B．American Friendships

　　　　 C．American Invitation　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 D．American Welcome

E

Have you ever been at a meeting while someone was making a speech and realized suddenly that your mind was a million miles away? You probably felt sorry and made up your mind to pay attention and always have been told that daydreaming is a waste of time.

“On the contrary,” says L. Giambra, an expert in psychology, “daydreaming is quite necessary. Without it, the mind couldn’t get done all the thinking it has to do during a normal day. You can’t possibly do all your thinking with a conscious(有意识)mind. Instead, your unconscious mind is working out problems all the time. Daydreaming then may be one way that the unconscious and conscious states of mind have silent dialogues.”

Early experts in psychology paid no attention to the importance of daydreams or even considered them harmful. At one time daydreaming was thought to be a cause of some mental illnesses. They did not have a better understanding of daydreams until the late 1980s. Eric Klinger, a professor of psychology, is the writer of the book Daydreaming. Klinger says, “We know now that daydreaming is one of the main ways that we organize our lives, learn from our experiences, and plan for our futures. Daydreams really are a window on the things we fear and the things we long for in life.”

Daydreams are usually very simple and direct, quite unlike sleep dreams, which may be hard to understand. It’s easier to gain a deep understanding of your life by paying close attention to your daydreams than by trying to examine your sleep dreams carefully. Daydreams help you recognize the difficult situations in your life and find out a possible way of dealing with them.

Daydreams cannot be predicated(预料). They move off in unexpected directions which may be creative and full of ideas. For many famous artists and scientists, daydreams were and are a main source of creative energy.

15．According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true? 　　　　.

　　　　 A．Flowers are available at all time　　　　　　　　

B．Flowers are expensive

　　　　 C．Flowers are signs of outward welcome　　

D．Flowers are not necessarily sent to guests

14．In some other counties, giving a dinner party at home is considered 　　　　than in a restaurant.

　　　　 A．less friendly　　　　　　 B．less hospitable　　　 C．more natural　　　　　 D．more popular

13．Americans 　　　　　their foreign friends to make a return for their hospitality.

　　　　 A．ask　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 B．wish　　　　　　　　　　　　　 C．never allow　　　　　　 D．don’t expect

12．In the United States, you will find friendships 　　　　　if circumstances change.

　　　　 A．die suddenly　　　　　 B．pass away　　 C．disappear gradually　　　 D．last forever

11．Which seems true according to the passage? 　　　　　.

　　　　 A．What is not popular today may be popular tomorrow

　　　　 B．The apple of gold belongs only in flower gardens

　　　　 C．Thomas Jefferson ate all his plants　　 D．It was the Americans who first ate tomatoes

D

In the United States, friends can be close, constant, intense, generous, and real, yet fade away in a short time if circumstances(环境)change. Neither side feels hurt by this. Both may exchange Christmas greetings for a year or two, perhaps a few letters for a while then no more. If the same two people meet again by chance, even years later, they pick up the friendship where it left out and are delighted.

In the States, you can feel free to visit people’s homes, share their holidays, enjoy their children and their lies without fear that you taking on a lasting obligation(负担). Do not hesitate to accept hospitality(款待)because you can’t give it in … welcome or for various other reasons, such as crowded space, language difficulties, or family custom, outsiders are not invited into homes.

In the United States both methods are used, but it is often considered more friendly to invite a person to one’s home than to go to a public place, except in purely business relationships. So, if your host or hostess brings you home, do not feel that you are being shown inferior(次的)treatment.

Don’t feel neglected if you do not find flowers awaiting you in your hotel room either. Flowers are very expensive there, hotel delivery is uncertain, arrival times are delayed, changed, or canceled so flowers are not customarily sent as a welcoming touch. Please do not feel unwanted! Outward signs vary in different lands, the inward welcome is what matters, and this will be real.