5．In this passage, the following advantages of casual office wear are mentioned EXCEPT　　　 .

　　　 A．saving employees’ money

　　　 B．making employees more attractive

　　　 C．improving employees’ motivation

　　　 D．making employees happier

三十九

The 2008 Beijing Olympic Games are drawing near. Are you eager to enjoy watching the matches or start serving as a volunteer? First, you need to know about audience manners.

The behavior of courtside audiences is considered to be an important part of sporting culture. In 2004, after world champion Stephen Hendry lost to Ding Junhui in the China Open Snooker Championships, he complained of the noise from Chinese spectators. Perhaps you and your classmates could be written on the back of the tickets. Read your ticket carefully before you leave, remember to take away your soft drink bottles and other trash (垃圾).

During exciting games, try to control yourself. Don’t criticize the performance of players and coaches. Be careful with your words, since some may cause anger among other people in the audience.

Applause is a special form of body language you can use to communicate with players. But you should do it properly. When players first appear, clap your hands together to welcome them, but don’t go on for too long. After an excellent performance, applaud warmly. If someone fails, your applause will help encourage them.

Applause is not welcome, however, while a game is in progress and players need to keep their concentration. Various sports have various rules for the audience.

Enjoying artistic gymnastics requires silence. But lots of cheering can really help basketball and football players. Snooker and table tennis courtside behavior includes a ban on flash photography. Mobile phones are not allowed in shooting centers.

To be a good spectator, you should take time to learn the game-specific rules and related culture of each event.

4．According to this passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?

　　　 A．Company workers started to dress down about twenty years ago.

　　　 B．Dress-down has become an everyday phenomenon since the early 90s.

　　　 C．“Dress-down Friday” was first given as a favor from employers.

　　　 D．Many workers want to wear casual clothes to impress people.

3．According to this passage, which of the following statements is FALSE?

　　　 A．Many employees don’t like a conservative dress code.

　　　 B．Comfortable clothes make employees more productive.

　　　 C．A casual clothes code is welcomed by young employees.

　　　 D．All the employers in the U. S. are for casual office wear.

2．David Smith wears casual clothes now, because　　　 .

　　　 A．they make him feel at ease when working

　　　 B．he cannot afford to buy expensive clothes

　　　 C．he looks handsome in casual clothes

　　　 D．he no longer works for any company

1．David Smith refers to himself as having been “a clothes addict,” because　　　 .

　　　 A．he often wore khaki pants and a sports shirt

　　　 B．he couldn’t stand a clean appearance

　　　 C．he wanted his clothes to look neat all the time

　　　 D．he didn’t want to spend much money on clothes

4．Commercial use of the research finding will be possible if salad cream can be made to stand bacterial attack 　　　　　.

　　　 A．by changing its chemical composition　　 B．by turning it into a solid lump

　　　 C．while keeping its structure unchanged　　 D．while its liquid form remains

三十八

Five years ago, David Smith wore an expensive suit to work every day. “I was a clothes addict.” he jokes. “I used to carry a fresh suit to work with me so I could change if my clothes got wrinkled.” Today David wears casual clothes-khaki pants and a sports shirt-to the office. He hardly ever wears a necktie. “I am working harder than ever.” David says, “and I need to feel comfortable.”

　　　 More and more companies are allowing their office workers to wear casual clothes to work. In the United States, the change from formal to casual office wear has been gradual. In the early 1990s, many companies allowed their employees to wear casual clothes on Friday(but only on Friday).This became known as “dress-down Friday” or “casual Friday”. “What started out as an extra one-day-a-week benefit for employees has really become an everyday thing.” said business consultant Maisly Jones.

　　　 Why have so many companies started allowing their employees to wear casual clothes? One reason is that it’s easier for a company to attract new employees if it has a casual dress code.” “A lot of young people don’t want to dress up for work,” says the owner of a software company, “so it’s hard to hire people if you have a conservative(保守的)dress code.” Another reason is that people seem happier and more productive when they are wearing comfortable clothes. In a study conducted by Levi Strauss and Company, 85 percent of employers said that they believe that casual dress improves employee morale(心境，士气). Only 4 percent of employers said that casual dress has a negative influence on productivity. Supporters of casual office wear also argue that a casual dress code helps them save money. “Suits are expensive, if you have to wear one every day,” one person said. “For the same amount of money, you can buy a lot more casual clothes.”

3．The underlined word “colonies” refers to 　　　　　.

　　　 A．tiny globules 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 B．watery regions

　　　 C．bacteria society 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 D．little departments

2．According to Brocklehurst , we can keep cream fresh but 　　　　　.

　　　 A．removing its fat 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 B．killing the bacteria

　　　 C．reducing its water 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 D．changing its structure

1．The significance of Brocklehurst’s research is that 　　　　　.

　　　 A．it suggested a way to keep some foods fresh without using some chemicals

　　　 B．it discovered small globules in both cream and butter

　　　 C．it showed the secret of how bacteria increase in cream and butter

　　　 D．it found that cream and butter share the same chemical composition

4．We can conclude from the passage that the author is 　　　　　.

　　　 A．unfavourable towards children receiving education in hospitals

　　　 B．in favour of the present state of teaching in hospitals

　　　 C．unsatisfied with the present state of hospital teaching

　　　 D．satisfied with the results of the latest survey

三十七

Why does cream go bad faster than butter ? Some researchers think they have the answer , and it comes down to the structure of the food, not its chemical composition-a finding that could help break away from some chemicals . Cream and butter contain pretty much the same things , so why cream should go bad much faster has been a problem . Both are small globules (小球) of one liquid spread throughout another . The difference lies in what’s in the globules and what’s in the surrounding liquid, says Brocklehurst , who led the research . In cream , fatty globules drift about in a sea of water . In butter , globules of a watery roads are locked away in a sea of fat . The bacteria (细菌) which make the food go bad prefer to live in the watery areas of the mixture . “This means that in cream , the bacteria are free to grow throughout the mixture,” he says , When in butter , the bacteria are locked away in locked places buried deep in the sea of fat . Trapped in this way , those colonies　 cannot spread and rapidly run out . They also slowly poison themselves with their waste products.” In butter , you get a self-limiting system which stops the bacteria growing ,” says Brocklehurst . The researchers are already working with food companies eager to see if their products can be made to stand bacterial attack through changes of the food’s structure.

Brockelehurst believes it will be possible to make something used in salad cream , for instance , more like that in butter . The key will be to do this while keeping the salad cream liquid and not turning it into a solid state .