【题目】For thousands of years，we have looked for ways to measure time. Early humans found that the regular movements of the sun，the earth，the moon，and the stars made good ways to measure time. The rising and setting of the sun were used to distinguish（辨别） day from night.

But，eventually，people needed to tell time more accurately，or exactly. So，by using the sun’s position in the sky，they divided the day into dawn，morning，midday and evening.

Then it was noted that the sun cast a changing shadow as it moved across the sky. Time could be told more accurately by setting up a stick and marking the positions of the sun’s shadow. It was the ancient Greeks who divided each position of this “sundial(日晷)” into hours.

But the sun doesn’t always shine. So，for the past 6,000 years，many other ways of keeping time have been tried. Slowburning candles were divided into hours，and the hourglass was invented. When all the sand in the top of an hourglass has shifted to the bottom，an hour has passed.

Later，the pendulum(摆钟)，with its regular backandforth movement of weights，was used to move the hands on a clock. Pendulums are still used in grandfather clocks.

Today，even more accurate clocks are in use，such as batteryoperated quartz clocks（石英钟），digital clocks，and clocks run by electrical tuning forks and tiny atoms. These atomic clocks are the most accurate clocks ever invented. The exact time can be kept to within 1 second a century.

【1】Humans in the old days used ________ to tell day from night.

A．the rising and setting of the sun

B．batteryoperated quartz clocks

C．atomic clocks

D．digital clocks

【2】A sundial works by ________.

A．tracking the movement of the stars around the sun

B．marking a shadow cast by the moving sun

C．burning candles in the sunlight

D．watching the stars

【3】Which of the following was NOT used in the past to measure time?

A．An hourglass.B．A sundial.C．Digital clocks.D．A pendulum.

【4】Which of the following ways of measuring time is ordered from the least accurate to the most accurate?

A．Sundial，pendulum，sun.

B．Atomic clock，quartz clock，sundial.

C．Sun，pendulum，atomic clock.

D．Digital clock，hourglass，slowburning candles.

【题目】阅读下列材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

Good morning, everyone. I am Li Hua from Xinhua Middle School. The topic of my speech today is “Let’s Ride Bicycles”.

【1】 is known to us all, 【2】 the development of society, cars have become 【3】 popular means of transport, 【4】 brings great convenience (便捷) to our life. 【5】 (lucky), they have also caused some problems such as air pollution and traffic jams.

【6】 can we solve the problems ? As far as I 【7】 (concern), riding bicycles is a good solution 【8】 them. For one thing, bicycles don’t need any petrol(汽油) and they are energy-saving. For another, bicycles are environmentally friendly【9】 they won’t give off waste gases. What’s more, riding bicycles is a good way of exercising and it is good to our health.

Therefore, it is worth 【10】 (try). Let’s take the responsibility to build up a beautiful city by riding bicycles. Come on and join us.

That’s all. Thank you!

【题目】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

Waiting for a bus can be very 【1】 (annoy). Often you 【2】 (be) at the bus stop for half an hour, and the bus still hasn’t come. 【3】 , people in Zhongshan, Guangdong don’t have to suffer this. It’s all because of a mobile APP, Zhongshan Real-time Buses. With the APP, people can find out the exact time a bus arrives and set an alarm to remind 【4】 to go to the bus stop in time.

Five Senior 1 students make the APP possible. At first, they just wanted to add or change bus lines to help make it 【5】 (easy) for students at their school to take buses. But later, they wanted to make something that is 【6】 (benefit) to all the people of Zhongshan. 【7】 (get) technical support, the team turned to the local public transportation group company. They carried out three surveys by collecting questionnaires 【8】 are completed by about 600 people in shopping malls and bus stops. “The work took___【9】___almost all of our spare time for four months,” said Su Yinan, 16.

On Feb 25, Zhongshan Real-time Buses was born. It now covers over 100 bus lines in the city and has been downloaded more than 60,000 times. The project won the first place on the Fifth National High School Students Leadership Convention this summer.

“We are very happy that Zhongshan people are using the results of our efforts,”said Chen, “Students can also make a big difference 【10】 society.”

【题目】 短文改错

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号（∧），并在其下面写出该词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线（ ），并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1.每处错误及修改均仅限一词;

2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

My father go fishing alone every Sunday. This morning when we were got up, it was fine. Father decided to go fishing, so mother stopped him, said that it was going to rain according to the weather forecast. She asked him to put off his raincoat, but he did not take her advices. When he got to the river, it was cloud. Soon the rain began to fall heavily and he was caught in it. After she got home, he was wet. “Did you catch some fish?” asked my mother. “No, but I caught bad cold,” he answered.

【题目】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

The family has the responsibility for keeping young children safe, providing love and helping all their children to learn to get along with people. The most important beginning is the development of trust. The infant (婴儿的) needs to know that there is someone who cares and provides for his or her needs. 【1】

【2】 Each person also has the responsibility to show love and affection to other people in the family. The way you show love can be different for different people. What one child feels is loving might be felt as disturbing by a different child. Each person’s needs should be respected. It is your responsibility to be an understanding person.

There are different ways to show young children affection and love. It is easy to tell when it is direct, a hug or kiss, or the words“I love you.” 【3】 Young children respond better to demonstrating love. Use words to describe love with action. In this way the feelings are clear and not misunderstood.

Showing love also means guiding the actions of young children. As young children grow more independent, the people responsible need to understand these growing skills. But as important as it is to allow children the freedom to explore and be themselves, it is important to set limits for children. 【4】

【5】 Respect is the most important part of family relationships and harmony. Maintain control of yourself and your feelings.

A. A hug is a physical need.

B. Respect the child’s self-esteem.

C. Remember how important your child is to you.

D. Many families don’t stop to think about their values.

E. Another way a person might show love is through actions.

F. Each person in the family has a need for love and affection.

G. Clearly express to your child what is acceptable behavior in all sorts of daily situations.

【题目】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。（E=AB, F=AC, G=AD）

Benefits of summer camps for kids

Summer camps are great for children of all ages. If you go to a summer camp as a child, you are likely to have good memories of things you did and people you met. With more and more children sitting inside playing computer games, the importance of camps has never been greater. ___【1】___

Getting in touch with nature is an exciting experience. __【2】___ They will enjoy the experiences of camping, hiking and exploring in forests, deserts or on the seashore. They can also enjoy the beauty of nature and learn about the importance of environmental protection.

Activities at summer camps stress the importance of teamwork. _【3】__ Throughout life, people have to be comfortably operating as part of a team in order to be successful. Summer camps teach kids how to be productive members of a team.

___【4】__Whether they are afraid of heights, water, the dark or being away from home, they are encouraged to face them and deal with them in an environment surrounded by supportive people. __【5】___ It is also a valuable life lesson that will help them through adulthood.

Summer camps are perfect ways for kids to have fun and develop themselves. So parents should try to find out what interests their kids, and choose the right camp for them.

A. Kids can make friends there.

B. Many activities there are designed to stress it.

C. Kids can learn about the natural world at camps.

D. So kids gain courage and confidence by challenging themselves.

E. In fact, staying healthy is not the only benefit kids can get from it.

F. Learning to live on their own may be an extremely hard lesson for kids.

G. Having the courage to face fears is another skill kids can learn at camps.

【题目】书面表达

你的美国笔友Lucy来信告知她寒假期间将来京旅游，打算买几个风筝作为纪念品(souvenir)带回美国。请你根据以下提示给Lucy写回信。

1. 表示欢迎；

2. 就她购买纪念品的计划说说你的看法；

3. 推荐一个你认为最值得参观的古迹，并说明原因。

注意：1. 词数不少于50；

2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

3. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

Dear Lucy，

I learned about your plan from your mail. ____________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

Best wishes!

Yours，

Li Hua

【题目】Our body clock, or natural body rhythm, influences our energy and alertness. Paying attention to it can help us choose the suitable time of the day when we best perform specific tasks.

The reality, however, is that most of us organize the time around work demands, school deadlines, commuting or social events. Doing whatever the body feels like doing is a luxury in today’s fast-paced modern society.

But that doesn’t mean it isn’t worth trying. Obeying our body clock has significant health benefits. Disrupting our natural body rhythm, on the other hand, has been linked to problems such as depression, obesity, or headache, says Steve Key, a biology professor.

When the body clock can synchronize (使…同步) the rhythms of its natural processes, it “gives us an advantage in daily life”, says Key.

According to him, when it comes to cognitive (认知的) work, most adults perform best in the late morning. As our body temperature starts to rise just before awakening in the morning and continues to increase until midday, our memory, alertness and concentration gradually improve.

However, he adds, our ability to concentrate typically starts to decrease soon thereafter. Most of us are more easily distracted (分心) between noon and 4 pm.

Alertness also tends to fall after eating a meal and sleepiness tends to peak around 2 pm, making that a good time for a nap.

Surprisingly, tiredness may increase our creative powers. For most adults, problems that require open-ended thinking are often best dealt with in the evening when they are tired, according to a study in the journal Thinking & Reasoning.

When choosing a time of the day to exercise, paying attention to your body clock can improve results. Physical performance is usually best from about 3 to 6 pm, says Michael Smolensky, a professor of biomedical engineering.

Of course, not everyone’s body clock is the same, making it even harder to synchronize natural rhythms with daily plans.

【1】If we know our natural body rhythm well, we can ______.

A. find out the suitable time to do specific tasks

B. organize our time around work demands

C. do whatever our body feels like doing

D. be sure to be healthy

【2】 Which of the following is NOT true?

A. Our alertness is influenced by our natural body rhythm.

B. Doing whatever your body feels like is very difficult in our modern society.

C. Obeying our body clock is good for our health.

D. Disrupting our natural body rhythm can lead to obesity.

【3】Inspiration to solve a difficult problem will most probably come to us______.

A. when we get up in the morning

B. when we are tired in the evening

C. when we are full of energy in the late morning

D. when we are asleep at night

【4】 Which of the following can be the suitable title for the passage?

A. What is natural body rhythm?

B. Natural body rhythm is good for us.

C. natural body rhythm and health

D. The latest research about natural body rhythm.

【题目】根据短文内容，从短文后的六个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余选项。将答案写在相应位置。

Beat Summer Learning Loss

Summer learning loss is a loss of knowledge and skills most commonly due to long breaks during the summertime. Many teachers have certainly had the experience of taking the first month of school not only to introduce his or her rules and procedures to the class but also to get the kids back “up to speed” with thinking, remembering what they’ve learned and in many cases, reviewing previous content. 【1】

(1)Read!

Research supports the relationship between independent reading and student achievement, so simply having children read daily will make a positive difference. 【2】 public libraries, local bookstores, online stores, etc.

(2)Write!

Have children write letters to out-of-town friends and family, or write postcards while on vacation. 【3】 For children who are good at drawing or painting, parents may choose to create a family scrapbook(剪贴簿) with words printed below pictures. Not only will parents keep this summer’s memories, but children will also continue to practice his or her writing skills!

(3)Do the Math!

【4】 have a yard sale, and put children in charge of the cash box; help younger ones organize an orange juice stand (to practice salesmanship and making change). Or simply buy a set of inexpensive flash cards to practice basic facts while waiting in line or on a long car ride. There are even a host of free online games that will keep children’s math skills sharp.

(4) “Homeschool” Children.

Keeping children’s skills fresh doesn’t have to cost a fortune: check out some workbooks and online resources, and children can work through several exercises each day. Even as little as twenty minutes a day can have amazing results. 【5】 For instance, children can learn something during a car ride, right before bedtime, etc.

Of course, parents don’t need to do all the steps here. Just following through with one or two of these ways will be of great help.

A. Think of ways children can use math skills in daily activities:

B. A summer journal is another way to set down summer activities.

C. What’s more, it’s easy to work in a small block of time here and there.

D. Check out the following sources to find books that your child will want to dive into.

E. So it’s not a good choice for parents to force children to spend their summertime learning knowledge.

F. Fortunately, there are some steps parents can try to help children both enjoy the summer and keep their skills fresh.

【题目】阅读短文，根据短文回答问题，并将答案写在相应位置。

Doctor Seuss was the name used by Theodor Seuss Geisel, who was famous because of the books he wrote for children. They combine funny words, funny pictures, and social opinion.

Theodor Geisel was born in Springfield, Massachusetts in 1904. After graduating from Dartmouth College in 1924, he spent a year studying literature(文学) at Oxford University in England. When he returned to the United States in 1927, he hoped to become a writer of serious literature. But the economic depression(经济萧条) in the United States delayed his dreams of becoming a serious writer. In 1937, he wrote his first book for children, which is called “And To Think I Saw It on Mulberry Street.” However, a number of publishers refused to accept it. They said it was too different from ordinary books. A friend finally published it. Soon other successful books followed. Over the years he wrote more than forty children’s books, which were fun to read. Yet his books sometimes dealt with serious subjects including equality, responsibility and protecting the environment.

Doctor Seuss had a strong desire to help children. In 1954, Life magazine published a report about school children who could not read. The report said many children’s books were not interesting. Reading the report, Doctor Seuss decided to write books that were interesting and easy to read. To make his book easy to read, he used words with the same ending sound, like fish and wish.

In 1957, Dr. Seuss wrote “The Cat in the Hat”, in which he used less than two hundred twenty-five words. This was the number of words a six-year-old should be able to read. The book was an immediate success. Children loved it. Their parents loved it, too. Today many adults say it is still one of the stories they like best. The success of the book made him want to write more books for children. He started a series called Beginner Books, which remain well liked among children today.

In 1984, Mr. Geisel won a Pulitzer Prize for children’s literature. At that time he had been writing children’s books for almost fifty years. He was honored for the education and enjoyment his books provided American children and their parents, and his influence remains through the books he wrote. Experts say his books helped change the way American children learned to read.

【1】What was Theodor Geisel’s dream when he returned from England?

【2】What did Theodor Geisel decide to do after he read the report published in Life magazine?

【3】Why did Theodor Geisel finally set his simple writing style?