根据材料并结合所学知识回答问题 。（15分）

材料一 在美国宪法的制定过程中，一些政治家认为，“人民”和“人民的代表”（国会）是不同的；“人民”高于“人民的代表”；“由人民制定、政府不能更改的”宪法高于“由政府制定、政府能够更改的”普通法律；国会的立法如果违宪，“自然不能使之生效”。根据这些理论，最高法院有权审查国会立法和总统行政命令是否符合宪法。但是，1787年美国宪法没有相关规定，即未建立起司法审查制度。在初期美国政府中，既无财权、军权又无民意基础的最高法院的地位明显低于总统和国会。

——摘编自（美）汉密尔顿等《联邦党人文集》

材料二 1803年，最高法院对“马伯里诉麦迪逊案”做出判决：法院不能行使宪法没有授予的权力，国会通过的立法如果违背宪法则无效。该判例确立了最高法院有权审查国会立法或总统行政命令是否违宪的司法审查制度，从而使最高法院足以与国会或总统相制衡。

——摘编自（美）伯纳德 施瓦茨《美国法律史》

（1）根据材料一并结合所学知识，概括美国创立司法审查制度的理论基础。（7分）

（2）根据材料一、二并结合所学知识，说明“马伯里诉麦迪逊案”对于美国民主制度的影响。（8分）

［选修1：历史上重大改革回眸］（15分）

材料 1978年底，安徽省凤阳县小岗村18户农民为摆脱贫困，暗中自发将集体耕地包干到户。1979年2月，中共安徽省委召开会议，决定在肥西县山南公社进行包产到户试点，指出：许多干部一讲到包产到户，就心有余悸，可以说谈“包”色变，但农民普遍希望包产到户，这是矛盾，必须要在实践中加以检验。会议强调试点不宣传、不报道、不推广。1979年9月，中共中央下发文件，认为因某些副业生产的特殊需要和边远山区、交通不便的单家独户可以实行包产到户，一般不加以提倡。1980年9月，中央下发《关于进一步加强和完善农业生产责任制的几个问题》，指出：“在生产队领导下实行的包产到户是依存于社会主义经济，而不会脱离社会主义轨道的，没有什么复辟资本主义的危险。”1982年9月，中共“十二大”对以包产到户为主要形式的农业生产责任制改革予以肯定，包产到户在农村迅速推广。1980年11月，全国农村实行包产到户的生产队为15％；到1983年初，这一比例达到93％。

——摘编自胡绳主编《中国共产党的七十年》等

（1）根据材料并结合所学知识，概括人们“谈‘包’色变”的主要原因。（6分）

（2）根据材料并结合所学知识，说明农业生产责任制改革推进的特点及改革的意义。（9分）

［选修3：20世纪的战争与和平］（15分）

材料 1919年1月，战胜国在巴黎凡尔赛宫召开和会，处理一站的遗留问题，德国等战败国未被允许参会。5月，《凡尔赛和约》草案传到德国后，全国上下群情激奋，柏林等地举行了抗议示威；艾伯特总统、谢德曼总理等人，都以激烈的词句抨击和约。

但是，鉴于战败国的处境，德国还是同意接受大部分条款，同时提出加入国际联盟、公正调查战争责任及修改和约等要求。战胜国出于私利，拒绝德国的所有要求，还限其在5天内必须作出答复，否则将诉诸武力。6月，德国政府最终被迫签署和约。签约后，德国许多报纸都在第一版加上了表示哀悼的黑色镶边，并号召准备复仇。

——摘编自郑寅达《德国史》

（1）根据材料并结合所学知识，概括德国针对巴黎和会与《凡尔赛和约》的诉求。（8分）

（2）根据材料并结合所学 知识，简析《凡尔赛和约》对德国的影响。（7分）

［选修4：中外历史人物评说］（15分）

材料 颜真卿“少勤学业，有词藻，尤工书”。唐玄宗时登进士甲科，历官侍御史等职，因为人刚直，不附权臣杨国忠，出为平原太守。安史之乱爆发，其以平原一郡独撑河北危局良久。后任刑部尚书，“军国大事，知无不言”，“累进封鲁郡公”。藩镇李希烈反，颜真卿前往安抚，面对叛军“不能屈节，当自烧”的威胁，愤然赴火。后被叛军杀害，终年77岁。朝廷赠司徒，谥“文忠”。颜真卿“立朝正色，刚而有礼，非公言直道，不萌于心。天下不以姓名称，而独曰鲁公”。史书称赞他“富于学，守其正，全其节，是文之杰也”。

唐人重书法，“工书”者甚众，颜真卿“善正、草书，笔力遒婉”，尤为后人所推崇。欧阳修得其所书残碑，赞曰：“颜公书如忠臣烈士、道德君子，其端严尊重，人初见而畏之，然愈久而愈可爱也……虽其残缺不忍弃之。”

——据《旧唐书》等

（1）根据材料，概括颜真卿的个人品德。（7分）

（2）根据材料并结合所学 知识，简析颜真卿书法为后世推崇的原因。（8分）

A businessman walks into a bank in San Francisco and asks for the loan officer. He says he is going to Europe on business for two weeks and needs to borrow $5,000．The bank officer says the bank will need some kind of security for such a loan. So the businessman hands over the keys to a Rolls Royce parked on the street in front of the bank. Everything checks out, and the bank agrees to accept the car as collateral for the loan. An employee drives the Rolls into the bank’s underground garage and parks it there.

Two weeks later, the businessman returns, and repays the $5,000 and the interest, which comes to $15.41.

The loan officer says, “We are very happy to have had your business, and this transaction has worked out very nicely, but we are a little puzzled. While you were away, we checked you out and found that you are a multimillionaire. What puzzles us is that why would you bother to borrow $5,000?”

Laughing, the businessman replies, “Where else in San Francisco can I park my car for two weeks for $15?”

1.The businessman walks into the bank with the true purpose of _________.

A. borrowing $5,000 B. meeting the loan officer

C. finding a place to park his car D. showing how rich he is

2.The loan officer is puzzled because _________.

A. he never thought he could meet a multimillionaire in his bank

B. he thinks the businessman is crazy to leave his car in the bank

C. he never thought the businessman could drive a Rolls Royce

D. he thinks $5,000 is so small a sum of money to the businessman

3.The underlined word “collateral” in Paragraph 1 most probably means “_________”.

A. security B. payment

C. reward D. deal

4.Which of the following words can best describe the businessman according to the story?

A. Honest. B. Clever.

C. Rich. D. Kind.

ARLANDA, Sweden （Reuters Life!）—Many people hate the idea of having to sleep on a plane. But Swedish entrepreneur Oscar Dios thinks they can be persuaded otherwise and he has created a new kind of hostel to prove it.

Dios says it is the world’s first jumbo （unusually large） jet hostel, an actual jet-plane at Sweden’s main airport outside Stockholm which has been changed into a 25- room guesthouse that sleeps as many as 72 people.

“I learned about this plane that was standing deserted at Arlanda airport and I’ve been trying the concept of hostels in many different houses and buildings,” he told Reuters. “I thought, ‘Why not a plane?’”

Jumbo Hostels opened for business on Thursday, giving customers the chance to check in and sleep in a room that can best be described as comfortable.”

“The most challenging part with this project is trying to build something inside a metal hull（壳） – it’s just really, really tight.”

The jet, which was originally produced for Singapore Airlines, was taken out of service in 2002. It is held on a concrete foundation with the landing gear secured in steel cradles.

One feature of the hostel is its price – a room starts at 350 Swedish crowns （about $ 41）, which is a lot less than hotel rooms outside of major airports.

Another feature is that customers can get married on the wing of the plane and stay in the plane’s more luxurious honeymoon suite （套房）.

Instead of walking down the aisle in the church, lovebirds can take what Jumbo Hostels calls the “wing walk,” where they can be joined in great happiness at the wing tip. The hostel has someone ready to perform the ceremony.

But in some respects this hostel remains a plane – most customers have to share the jet’s nine bathrooms and the staff only wear air host and hostess outfits. The only room that has its own bathroom is the honeymoon suite.

1.Which of the following is not true?

A. The jet plane was out of use for over eight years

B. The hostel provides ten bathrooms for customers

C. The rooms in the hotel are comfortable

D. The hostel lies at Arlanda airport in Stockholm

2.One of the features of the plane hostel is that .

A. air hostesses can offer good service

B. a wedding ceremony can be held on the wing

C. customers can sleep in comfortable rooms

D. the staff can have a “wing walk”

3.Why does Oscar Dios make jet plane hotel?

A. Because he is fond of plane very much.

B. Because he is very curious

C. Because he wants to earn more money.

D. Because he likes trying the concept of hotel in many different things.

4.The writer mainly wants to .

A. call on people to make use of the deserted things

B. describe a wonderful place for weddings

C. introduce a new kind of hostel

D. prove people can sleep on a plane

Plants are very important living things. Life could not go on if there were no plants. This is because plants can make food from air， water and sunlight. Animals and man cannot make food from air, water and sunlight. Animals get their food by eating plants and other animals. Therefore animals and man need plants in order to live. This is why we find that there are so many plants around us.

If you look carefully at the plants around you， you will find that there are two kinds of plants： flowering plants and non-flowering plants. Flowering plants can make seeds. The seeds are protected by the fruits. Some fruits have one seed， some have two， three or four， and some have many seeds. But a few fruits have no seeds at all. An example of a fruit without seeds is the banana fruit. Most non-flowering plants do not grow from seeds. They grow from spores（胚芽）. Spores are very small. Some spores are so small and light that they can float in the air. We may say that spores are quite the same as seeds. When these spores are all on wet and shady places， they usually grow into new plants.

1.The main idea of the first paragraph is that ________.

A. plants are important for life B. plants cannot grow without air

C. there are many plants in the world D. we can not live without water

2.What can we infer(推断) from the passage？

A. Of all living things animals are most.

B. Spores are seeds.

C. All fruits of flowering plants have seeds.

D. Without plants, man will die out.

3.What is the meaning of the underlined word?

A. Kept. B. Guarded.

C. Prevented. D. Surrounded

4.This passage may be taken from ________.

A. a medicine book B. a novel

C. a science magazine D. an experiment report

When the dog named Judy spotted the first sheep in her life, she did what comes naturally. The four-year-old dog set off racing after the sheep across several fields and, being a city animal, lost both her sheep and her sense of direction. Then she ran along the edge of cliff( 悬崖) and fell 100 feet, bouncing off a rock into the sea.

Her owner Mike Holden panicked and celled the coastguard of Cornwall, who turned up in seconds . Six volunteers slid down the cliff with the help of a rope but gave up all hope of finding her alive after a 90-minute search.

Three days later, a hurricane hit the coast near Cornwall. Mr. Holden returned home from his holiday upset and convinced his pet was dead. He comforted himself with the thought she had died in the most beautiful part of the country.

For the next two weeks, the Holdens were heartbroken . Then, one day, the phone rang and Steve Tregear, the coastguard of Cornwall, asked Holder if he would like his dog bark.

A birdwatcher, armed with a telescope, found the pet sitting desperately on a rock. While he sounded the alarm, a student from Leeds climbed down the cliff to collect Judy.

The dog had initially been knocked unconscious(失去知觉的)but had survived by drinking water from a fresh scream at the base of the cliff. She may have fed on the body of a sheep which had also fallen over the edge. “The dog was very thin and hungry,” Steve Tregear said , “It was a very dog. She survived because of a plentiful supply of fresh water,” he added.

It was ,as Mr. Holden admitted, “a minor miracle(奇迹)”.

1.The dog Jody fell down the cliff when she was

A. rescuing her owner B. caught in a hurricane

C. blocked by a rock D. running after a sheep

2.Who spotted Judy after the accident?

A. A birdwatcher

B. A student from Leeds

C. Six volunteers

D. The coastguard of Cornwall

3.What can we infer from the text?

A. People like to travel with their pets.

B. Judy was taken to the fields for hunting.

C. Luck plays a vital role in Judy's survival.

D. Holden cared little where Judy was buried.

4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?

A. Miracle of the Coastguard.

B. Surviving a Hurricane.

C. Dangers in the Wild

D. Coming Back from the Dead.

“My wallet!Where is it?”were my first words when I found out my wallet was lost．I searched my memory for a few good seconds，and then ______that I had left my precious wallet in the library．To be ______ ，it was in the public toilet of the library!

_______the library was then closed，I had to wait until the next morning to begin my ______．When I got there early the next day，all I found was a ______bathroom．

At that time，all I could ______was that the person who cleaned the restroom had ______my wallet．So I ______ approached an old lady at the front desk．“Excuse me，is there a wallet found in the restroom yesterday?”She walked through a door and ______ for a moment．Then she came back to the desk．“No，”she said．I quickly thanked her and walked off，_______．

Finally，I painfully______ the fact that my wallet had gone．

A week later，I received a mysterious ______in the mail．Sure enough，it was my ______! And most surprisingly，______ in it was missing! And there was a little yellow piece of paper folded up inside．I slowly unfolded it and a little medal of Christ fell off．The paper______like his：

Always______ this medal with you，whatever your religion is，so the angel that was watching over you last ______ will always be close．

This person didn’t even leave a return ______，so I couldn’t thank whoever it was．

From that day on，I promised myself to ______this example when I was in a similar situation．I will make others as ______as I was when I opened that package !

1.A. predicted B. realized C. explained D. imagined

2.A. obvious B. honest C. exact D. clear

3.A. Because B. Although C. Unless D. Even

4.A. work B. reading C. research D. search

5.A. crowded B. noisy C. clean D. deserted

6.A. run after B. hope for C. remember D. declare

7.A. hidden B. picked C. ignored D. found

8.A. secretly B. aimlessly C. politely D. angrily

9.A. disappeared B. hesitated C. rested D. escaped

10.A. surprised B. disappointed C. satisfied D. ashamed

11.A. accepted B. considered C. changed D. covered

12.A. present B. invitation C. notice D. package

13.A. wallet B. book C. reward D. treasure

14.A. something B. nothing C. everything D. anything

15.A. exposed B. described C. read D. announced

16.A. keep B. equip C. compare D. connect

17.A. month B. fortnight C. week D. year

18.A. reminder B. date C. message D. address

19.A. set B. follow C. give D. take

20.A. annoyed B. puzzled C. crazy D. happy

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（\ )划掉。

修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

About the Spring Festival, there arises some hot topics and lucky money is included. An online survey has carried out these days.

78% of the people consider lucky money one of the most important traditional custom, representing good wishes from the elderly to the new generation. Besides, lucky money is the more attractive part for kids, who forms the good memory of the childhood.

The rest, however, think bad of it. For one thing, the amount is growing bigger and bigger, make it a heavy load. For other, it has been an excuse to bribe (贿赂)people in the power.

Personally speaking, lucky money is nothing wrong. Only before understanding its meaning can we send our hearty wishes to the young.