16．The three layers of skin act as a barrier against diseases.poisons and the sun's rays．——青夏教育精英家教网—

16．The three layers of skin act as a barrier against diseases，poisons and the sun's （射线）rays．

15．"Did he really do that？"asked someone from the International News （部门）Department．

14．假如你是李华，你的朋友Linda最近很心烦，因为父母对她要求很严格，整天让她学习禁止她做一些她想做的事情，比如上网、和朋友玩等．请你给她写封信，进行心理疏导并提出一些建议．应包括以下两个要点：
1．简述自己类似的经历；
2．提出至少两条建议．
注意：词数100个左右，开头与结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数．
Dear Linda，
I can understand how you feel．When I was young，

13．It was a Friday night，and I had just returned from climbing one of the red rocks of Sedona．My faculty adviser（指导老师），Bunny，approached me as I walked to my dorm room．She told me that my mother had been in a terrible car crash and had been taken to the intensive care unit of a nearby hospital．
A strong smell of medicine brought an unpleasant feeling to my already turning stomach．My mother's room was right next to the nurses'station．As I came into the room，I saw her lying on her side．She struggled to turn around，but couldn't．I slowly crept（爬） to the other side of the bed and with calmness I said"hi"．
Gently holding my mother's hands，I tried to keep my composure．She was rolling her eyes and trying to tell me how much pain she was in．I turned my face away from her，trying to hide the tears that were rolling down my face．
From that night on，my life completely changed．As my mother struggled first to stay alive and then to relearn to walk，my sense of priorities（优先） changed．In the past，we had more than our share of the strains（紧张） of mother--daughter relationships．The accident threw us in a relationships of interdependence．We listened to each other，and truly enjoyed each other's company．My mother needed me．My mother and I had faced death together，and life took on new meaning for both of us．
It has been over two years since my mother's crash．I have grown more in that time than in all the years before．My mother has taught me a lot about parenthood：the worries，the protectiveness and，most of all，the sweetness of unconditional devotion and love．
29．According to the text，the author's adviser told her that her motherB．
A．needed to be taken to hospital right away
B．had been badly injured in a car accident
C．had suddenly became seriously ill
D．needed to be operated on at once
30．Which word in the text can best replace the underlined word"composure"in the third paragraph？B
A．Devotion．
B．Calmness．
C．Sense．
D．Company
31．We can infer from the text thatD．
A．the author had got along well with her mother before the accident
B．the author had suffered in a car accident，just like her mother
C．the author's mother used to be very strict and uncaring
D．the author began to share her innermost（内心的） feeling with her mother after the accident．

12．请根据下面的提示写一篇介绍鲁迅的100个词左右的文章．
1、鲁迅生于浙江省绍兴，受过传统的中国教育．1902年去日本学习日语和医学．1906年辍学，专攻写作．
2、鲁迅是著名的短篇小说家，在西方，本写的故事非常出名，已被翻译成至少12种语言．
3、在鲁迅的一生中，他致力于保持自己独立的作家地位（maintain one's status）．

11．Sweetest Day is celebrated on the third Saturday in October as a day to make someone happy．It is an occasion which offers all of us an opportunity to remember not only the sick，the aged，and children who have lost their parents，but also friends，workmates，relatives and neighbors whose helpfulness and kindness we have enjoyed．
Over 60years ago，when a Cleveland man noticed that some people，such as children who lost their parents and patients who lay in bed，too often felt forgotten and neglected，he developed in his mind the idea of showing them that they were remembered．He did this by giving them small gifts．With the help of his friends and neighbors，he gave those people small gifts on a Saturday in October．During the years that followed，other Clevelanders began to take part in the celebration，which came to be called"Sweetest Day"．Over time，the Sweetest Day idea of spreading cheer to the poor，the sick and children who had lost their parents was broadened to include everyone，and became an occasion for remembering others with a kind act or a small gift．Soon the idea spread to other cities all over the USA．
Sweetest Day is not based on any single group's religious（宗教的） beliefs or on a family relationship．It is a reminder that a thoughtful word or deed enriches life and gives it meaning．Because for many people remembering takes the form of gift giving，Sweetest Day offers us the opportunity to show others that we care，in a positive（积极的） way．
24．What can we learn from the first paragraph？A
A．Sweetest day is a day to make others happy
B．Sweetest day is just an occasion to care about disabled people
C．Sweetest day is an occasion for lovers to express love
D．Sweetest day is celebrated on the third Sunday in October
25．Which of the following has little relationship to sweetest day？D
A．Visiting sick people of the hospital
B．Visiting children who have lost their parents
C．Giving friends small gifts
D．Giving flowers to sweethearts
26．What is Cleveland？D
A．An island
B．A country
C．A village in England
D．A city America
27．The underlined word"neglected"in the second paragraph means"C"
A．remembered
B．hated
C．paid little or no attention to
D．disappointed．

10．增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在此符号下面写出该加的词．
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉．
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词．
注意：1、每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2、只允许修改十处，多者（从第11处起）不计分．
After shopping，Mother and I went to a restaurant for lunch．I notice Mother looking at a nearby table occupy by an elderly woman and young couple．They ate silently，and it was clearly that things were not going well．As we left，Mother stopped on their table．"Excuse me，"she said，put her arms around the unhappy old woman．"You remind me so many of my mother．May I hug you？"The woman smiled happily as she accepted to it．After we left，I said，"That was very nice of you，Mother．So I didn't think she looked like Grandma．"Neither did me，"said Mother cheerfully．

9．How Can I Fight Laziness？
Lazy people will never gain anything in life．However，laziness can be defeated once a few changes have been made in your mind．
（36）B Many people lack sleep constantly，since they stay up too late and get up too early to prepare for work．These people have little motivation once they arrive home．Laziness works hand in hand with a lack of motivation and a tendency to put off things．By adjusting your sleep schedule to provide a few more hours of meaningful rest，you can fight laziness throughout the day．
Another way to fight laziness is to change your mind from passive to active．Some people treat their lives as if they were pushed from task to task．Others take a more positive approach，viewing each task as a challenge they must overcome alone．（37）G
Some people fight laziness by removing the temptations（诱惑）that surround them．A television in the living room may provide entertainment，but watching too much TV often contributes to laziness．Create a reward system for yourself，just as parents do for a child to promote responsibility．（38）D
Laziness can also be a lasting problem at home．Couples and children may all have different energy levels，but laziness can be spread if not dealt with immediately．（39）C Be the first to collect and wash dishes after a meal．Others in the home may eventually follow your example and perform their own task．It is difficult to practice laziness when you are surrounded by motivated people．
（40）E Enough exercise and a balanced diet can help you to develop a healthy lifestyle，thus enabling you to have more energy and help lift your spirits．

A．Knowing how to fight laziness is important．
B．One way to fight laziness is to get enough sleep．
C．To fight household laziness，lead by example．
D．Complete a few tasks and reward yourself with what you enjoy，such as a good dinner or a film．
E．Finally，taking exercise regularly can help you fight laziness．
F．With strong determination，you will be able to achieve your goal．
G．Laziness sets in when you no longer feel in charge of your own mind．

8．"Plants were supposed to grow larger with increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere，but changes in temperature，humidity and nutrient availability seem to have trumped the benefits of increased carbon dioxide，"said researchers from the National University of Singapore．
45percent of the species studied now reach smaller adult sizes than they did in the past．The researchers point out that warmer temperatures and changing habitats，caused by climate change，are possible reasons for the shrinking of creatures．
"We do not yet know the exact mechanisms involved，or why some organisms are getting smaller while others are unaffected，"the researchers said．"Until we understand more，we could be risking negative consequences that we can't yet quantify．"
The change was big in cold-blooded animals．Only two decades of warmer temperatures were enough to make reptiles （爬行动物） smaller．An increase of only 1℃caused nearly a 10percent increase in metabolism （新陈代谢）．Greater use of energy resulted in tiny tortoises and little lizards．Fish are smaller now too．Though overfishing has played a part in reducing numbers，experiments show that warmer temperatures also stop fish growth..There is a recent report on warmer temperatures'negative effects on plankton （浮游生物），the base of the marine ecosystem．
Warm-blooded animals weren't immune from the size change caused by climate change．Many birds are now smaller．Mammals have been miniaturized too．Soay sheep are thinner．Red deer are weaker．And polar bears are smaller，compared with historical records．This isn't the first time this has happened in Earth's history．
55million years ago，a warming event similar to the current climate change caused bees，spiders and ants to shrink by 50to 75percent over several thousand years．That event happened over a longer time than the current climate change．
The speed of modern climate change could mean organisms may not respond or adapt quickly enough，especially those with long generation times．So，it is likely that more negative influences of climate change will be shown in the future．
32．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage？B
A．Why do some species become smaller？
B．Species become smaller as climate warms．
C．Climate change has many negative effects．
D．How does climate change in Earth's history？
33．The underlined word"trumped"in the first paragraph can be replaced by"A"．
A．beaten
B．increased
C．strengthened
D．equaled
34．What can we learn from the passage？C
A．Cold-blooded animals become smaller because of the lack of food．
B．Birds have suffered more from climate change than fish．
C．Climate change has even affected plankton negatively．
D．The warming event has never happened in Earth's history before．
35．What is the author's attitude toward climate change？B
A．Optimistic．
B．Concerned．
C．Indifferent．
D．Confident．

7．As customers lose interest in traditional advertising，guerrilla marketing（游击营销），which relies on eye-catching stunts（引人注意的举动），is becoming fashionable．But much of it misses the mark．Even by New York standards，things have been strange on the streets lately．Some 8，000wallets were dropped onto Manhattan's pavements last winter，but not by careless shopper．Instead of cash inside，curious New Yorkers found a card and the address of a charity website，at which they could donate money．Well-known firms are acting strangely，too．This summer，a chain restaurant supported Russia's space agency financially by putting a ten-meter-high，1.25 million as on a rocket sent into space．In America，marketers have even approached a soft drink company with the idea of projecting its logo onto the moon．Marketing tricks are hardly new，but they are becoming more frequent and more extreme--earning a name all of their own：guerrilla marketing．One advantage of guerrilla marketing，claim its fans，is that it is cheaper than typical TV or print advertising．This has particular appeal to Internet firms as they run out of cash，having poured too much money into traditional advertising．A health-advice site has cut its monthly marketing budget by 95%，to50，000，by reducing paid on buzz（闹哄哄的活动） from marketing stunts，such as giving away free products．
Of course，guerrilla marketing's appeal is often superficial．A quick Internet search throw out 12，000references to the term，but most of the websites are surprisingly ordinary．Many stunts are neither memorable nor big enough to raise brand awareness and help sales．
While there is no doubt that extreme marketing can create buzz，raising false expectations lays advertisers open of criticism，especially if the products they push end up being nothing special．Good marketing simply helps word-of-mouth to spread．If advertisers are smart，guerrilla marketing could develop into something that is as focused as it is fun．If not，it will so little but add to the noise．
32．The author explains the idea of guerilla marketing mainly byA．
A．giving example
B．making a comparison
C．using research results
D．telling an interesting story
33．Those companies which use guerrilla marketingD．
A．are usually small ones
B．find it fruitful and useful
C．are usually Internet firms
D．can save a lot in advertising
34．The underlined word"superficial"in Paragraph 3can best be replaced byC．
A．strong
B．direct
C．shallow
D．lasting
35．In the author's eyes，guerrilla marketingB．
A．will gain in popularity in future
B．can be effective if wisely dealt with
C．often gives people false expectations
D．seems to have nothing special to offer．

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