12．假如你是李华.请根据以下提示.给你的外教Huson写一封信.邀请他作为演讲比赛的评委.并请他在赛后给参赛学生指导如何演讲．NOTICEEnglish Speech ContestTheme:op——青夏教育精英家教网—

12．假如你是李华，请根据以下提示，给你的外教Huson写一封信，邀请他作为演讲比赛的评委，并请他在赛后给参赛学生指导如何演讲．
NOTICE
English Speech Contest
Theme：opportunities often come disguised as hard work
Time：16：30～18：00，28^th August
Place：the Academic Hall
注意：
1、词数100左右：
2、可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯：
3、开头和结尾己给出，不计入总词数．

11．One evening in February 2007，a student named Paula Ceely brought her car to a stop on a remote road in Wales．She got out to open a metal gate that blocked her path．That's when she heard the whistle sounded by the driver of a train．Her Renault Clio was parked across a railway line．Seconds later，she watched the train drag her car almost a kilometre down the railway tracks．
Ceely'snear missmade the news because she blamed it on he GPS （导航仪）．She had never driven the route before．It was dark and raining heavily．Ceely was relying on her GPS，but it made no mention of the crossing．"I put my complete trust in the device and it led me right into the path of a speeding train，"she told the BBC．
Who is to blame here？Rick Stevenson，who tells Ceely's story in his book When Machines Fail Us，points the finger at the limitations of technology．We put our faith in digital devices，he says，but our digital helpers are too often not up to the job．They are filled with small problems．And it's not just GPS devices：Stevenson takes us on a tour of digital disasters involving everything from mobile phones to wireless keyboards．
The problem with his argument in the book is that it's not clear why he only focuses on digital technology，while there may be a number of other possible causes．A map-maker might have left the crossing off a paper map．Maybe we should blame Ceely for not paying attention．Perhaps the railway authorities are at fault for poor signaling system．Or maybe someone has studied the relative dangers and worked out that there really is something specific wrong with the GPS equipment．But Stevenson doesn't say．It's a problem that runs through the book．
The game between humans and their smart devices is amusing and complex．It is shaped by economics and psychology and the cultures we live in．Somewhere in the mix of those forces there may be a way for a wiser use of technology．
If there is such a way，it should involve more than just an awareness of the shortcomings of our machines．After all，we have lived with them for thousands of years．They have probably been fooling us for just as long．

8．What did Paula Ceely think was the cause of her accident？D．
A．She was not familiar with the road．
B．It was dark and raining heavily then．
C．The railway workers failed to give the signal．
D．Her GPS device didn't tell her about the crossing．
9．The phrase"near miss"（Paragraph 2）can best be replaced byC．
A．close hit
B．heavy loss
C．narrow escape
D．big mistake
10．Which of the following would Rick Stevenson most probably agree with？B．
A．Modern technology is what we can't live without．
B．Digital technology often falls short of our expectation．
C．Digital devices are more reliable than they used to be．
D．GPS error is not the only cause for Ceely's accident．
11．What is the real concern of the writer of this article？B．
A．The major causes of traffic accidents and car thefts．
B．The relationship between human and technology．
C．The shortcomings of digital devices we use．
D．The human unawareness of technical problems．

10．At the Beijing Olympic Shelly-Ann swept away any doubts about her ability to perform consistently by becoming the first Jamaican woman ever to win the 100meters Olympic gold．
Shelly-Ann is a little woman with a big smile．She has a mental toughness that did not come about by chance．Her journey to becoming the fastest woman on earth has been anything but smooth and effortless．She grew up in Waterhouse，one of Jamaica's toughest and poorest inner-city communities and also a really violent and overpopulated place．Her mother Maxime，one of a family of fourteen，had been an athlete herself as a young girl but，like so many other girls in Waterhouse，had to stop after she had her first baby．Maxime's early entry into the adult world with its responsibilities gave her the determination to ensure that her kids would not end up in Waterhouse's roundabout of poverty．One of the first things Maxime used to do with Shelly-Ann was taking her to the track，and she was ready to sacrifice everything．
It didn't take long for Shelly-Ann to realize that sports could be her way out of Waterhouse．On a summer evening in Beijing in 2008，all those long，hard hours of work and commitment finally bore fruit．The barefoot kid who just a few years previously had been living in poverty，surrounded by criminals and violence，had written a new chapter in the history of sports．
But Shelly-Ann's victory was far greater than that．The night she won Olympic gold in Beijing，the routine murders in Waterhouse and the drug wars in the neighbouring streets stopped．The dark cloud above one of the world's toughest criminal neighbourhoods simply disappeared for a few days．"I have so much fire burning for my country，"Shelly said．She plans to start a foundation for homeless children and wants to build a community centre in Waterhouse．She hopes to inspire the Jamaicans to lay down their weapons．She intends to fight to make it a woman's as well as a man's world．
As Muhammad Ali puts it，"Champions aren't made in gyms．Champions are made from something they have deep inside them．A desire，a dream，a vision．"One of the things Shelly-Ann can be proud of is her understanding of this truth．

4．What made Maxime decide to train her daughter on the track？C．
A．Her success and lessons in her career．
B．Her interest in Shelly-Ann's quick profit．
C．Her wish to get Shelly-Ann out of poverty．
D．Her early entrance into the sprinting world．
5．What can we infer from Shelly-Ann's statement underlined in Paragraph 4？B．
A．She was highly rewarded for her efforts．
B．She was eager to do more for her country．
C．She became an athletic star in her country．
D．She was the envy of the whole community．
6．By mentioning Muhammad Ali's words，the author intends to tell us thatD．
A．players should be highly inspired by coaches
B．great athletes need to concentrate on patience
C．hard work is necessary in one's achievements
D．motivation allows great athletes to be on the top
7．What is the best title for the passage？A．
A．The Making of a Great Athlete
B．The Dream for Championship
C．The Key to High Performance
D．The Power of Full Responsibility．

9．Amisunderstanding（understand） is a failure to understand something properly，for example a situation or a person's remarks．

8．There is abored（bore） expression on her face，for she doesn't like rock music．

7．In his lecture，the professor referred to the belief ________ the elderly are wise，________ is particularly dominant（支配的） in Chinese culture．（　　）

6．Every autumn，as families across the United States get ready to send their kids to college，the economics of higher education receive renewed attention．College is expensive and becoming more so in the U．S．The situaton raises two questions：Why does it cost so much，and how can students and their families afford it？
Several studies published in the past few weeks reflect on these questions．The findings provide comfort to poor families．
First，it appears that only the minority actually pay the"high price"．A study by the US Education Department's National Center for Education Statistics found that 55percent of college students last year received some forms of help--scholarships，loans（贷款）or jobs．
Other factors are also at work．The government has increased the size of its grants （补助金）to lower-income students．Grants，unlike loans，don't have to he repaid and are awarded only to college students who have not earned a bachelor's or professional degree．
At the same time，most colleges are spending more on undergraduate education than they are collecting in tuition fees．A study，which is part of the Williams College Project on the Economics of Higher Education，reaches the conclusion that on average colleges"subsidize （赞助）"their students．The results of these studies，however，leave unanswered the questions of whether educational costs are higher than they need to be．Some experts argue that much of the collegecost results from educational competition for fame，students and facilities．
This puts upward pressure on tuition，hut many colleges feel that good fame will enable them to attract students even if they charge them more．
Therefore，until something important changes in the marketplace，costs seem likely to continue rising．And American families will continue to beat down the doors of the high price"college in the end．
29．From the fourth paragraph of the passage we can conclude thatD．
A．American families earn only a little money every year
B．American families pay little attention to education
C．American students often have to stop their studies
D．American colleges have different ways to help poor students
30．In the writer's opinion，for students from lower-income families，the best way isC．
A．to find a good job ad make money
B．to borrow money from the banks
C．to ask for grants
D．to borrow money from friends
31．It can be inferred that in AmericaB．
A．famous colleges only accept rich students．
B．famous colleges charge their students more money
C．the government spends little money on education
D．families often break the doors of colleges
32．The writer of this passage seems to hold the opinion thatA．
A．college fees rise too fast for poor families．
B．poor people should borrow money from banks
C．poor people don't need to send their children to college
D．colleges should get more money to improve themselves．

5．Walt Disney is credited（表扬，称赞） for creating such wonderful things as Donald Duck and Mickey Mouse．However，he cannot take the credit for （把…归功于自己）creating other well-loved characters，such as Cinderella and Snow White．They are almost automatically associated with Disney because Disney turned old fables（寓言） into cartoon movies．
The original Cinderella varies very much from the Disney version （版本we know today．It started off with the girl mourning （哀悼）her mother's death and going to her tomb three times a day．In addition，there were only birds that helped Cinderella； there was no such thing as a fairy godmother or helpful mice，nor was there mention of a horse and carriage．
The stepsisters were cruel：they always threw Cinderella's food into the ashesof the fire，and made her sleep on the ashes on the floor，hence（因此）her name．
In the original story，the king's ball（舞会） actually lasted for three days．With the help of the birds，the girl，beautifully dressed，danced with the prince on all three nights and the prince fell in love with her．However，she broke away from him to rush back home each night．On the last night，the prince placed something stiky（粘性的） on the stairs； as Cinderella made her escape，a shoe got stuck on it．
Here now is where the story becomes unpleasant：when the prince went to the house looking for the girl whose foot fit the shoe，the wicked（邪恶的） stepmother told one of her two daughters to cut off her bigtoe to fit into the shoe．The daughter did as told．So the prince took her away to be his bride（新娘）．But when they passed the tomb of Cinderella's mother，the birds called out to the prince，
"Turn and peep，there's blood in the shoe；
The shoe is too small，the true bride waits for you．"
Realizing he had been tricked（受骗），the prince returned the daughter to her mother；the other then had to cut off part of her heel in order to fit into the shoe，with the same result．Only Cinderella's foot fit perfectly and so the prince chose to marry her．The story ends with the wedding day：as Cinderella's two stepsisters followed her，pretending to be devoted to her so that they could enjoy the king's riches，two birdsflew by and plucked（啄） out their eyes．Because of their wickedness and falsehood，they had to spend the rest of their days blind．
The original Cinderella is so different from the Disney version．Thank goodness Disney made such changes； it indeed was a wise move．
32．How did Cinderella get her name？C
A．The birds came up with i．
B．It was given by Disney．
C．It came from the word"ash"．
D．She got it from her mother．
33．Which of the following is TRUE according to the original story？D
A．Helpful mice got Cinderella a beautiful dress．
B．The ball was held to celebrate the prince's wedding．
C．Cindeella left her shoe on the stairs on purpose．
D．The birds told the prince that he had been cheated（欺骗）．
34．The moral of the original story is thatA．
A．a wicked person cannot escape punishment．
B．a devoted person certainly deserves respect．
C．a well-behaved child earns a great reward．
D．a dishonest child cannot get mother love．
35．What does the author think of the Disney version？A
A．Excellent．
B．Ordinary
C．Dull．
D．Ridiculous（可笑的）

4．The Student Who Asked Questions
In a hungry world rice is a staple food and China is the world's largest producer．Rice is also grown in many other Asian countries，and in some European countries like Italy．In the rice-growing world，the Chinese scientist，Yuan Lngping，is a leading figure．
Yuan ongping was born and brought up in China．As a boy he was educated in many schools and was iven the nickname，"the student who asks questions"．
From an early age he was interested in plants．He studied agriculture in college and as a young teacher he began experiments in crop breeding．He thought that the key to feeding people was to have more rice and to produce it more quickly．He thought there was only one way to do this-by crossing different species of rice plant，and then he could produce a new plant which could give a higher yield than either of the original plants．
First Yuan Longping experimented with different types ofrice．The results of his experiments were published in China in 1966．Then he began his search for a special type of rice plantIt had to be male．It had to be sterile．Finally，in 1970a naturally sterile male rice plant was discoverd．This was the breakthrough．Researchers were brought in from all over China to develop the new system．The research was
supported by the government．
As a result of Yuan Longping's discoveries Chinese rice production rose by 47.5percent in the 1990's．There were other advantages too.50thousand square kilometres of rice fields were converted to growing vegetables and other cash crops．Following this，Yuan Longping's rice was exported to other countries，such as Pakistan and the Philippines．
In Pakistan rice is the second most important crop after wheat and will be grown in many parts of the country．The new hybrid rice has been developed by the Yuan Longping Hightech Agricultural Company of China．Its yield is much greater than the yield of other types of rice grown in Pakistan．
25．A naturally sterile male rice plant was discovered inB．
A．1966　
B.1970
C．1973
D．1990
26．From the passage we know that Yuan LongpingD．
A．studied in an agricultural school when he was a boy
B．got interested in plants in college
C．began experiments in crop breeding when he was a college student
D．asked a lot of questions at school when he was a boy
27．In Yuan's opinion，the only way to produce more rice and to produce it more quickly was toA．
A．develop a new kind of rice which can give a higher yield
B．search for a special type of rice plant
C．develop a new kind of fast growing rice
D．increase rice plantingarea
28．According to the text we can know thatB．
A．rice is grown in most European countries
B．wheat is the most important crop in Pakistan
C．Yuan's research was supported by himself
D．Yuan's rice will be grown in more and more countries．

3．Conventional wisdom is a major barrier to innovation（创新）that threatens the survival of companies everywhere．It's based on the assumption that old ideas will always work，so they shouldn't be challenged．While this may be a valid assumption in situations that don't change，it's unlikely to hold true in a changing situation．In today's rapid changing global environment，old methods often don't work，and stubbornly using them can lead to major problems．
Most people seem to agree with conventional wisdom because it gives one a false sense of security．If everyone else believes it，then it must be true．Individuals who use conventional wisdom are certain that they are right，and being right is good．They want to continue using old ideas rather than take risks with changes that might not work．In 1977，Ken Olsen，co-founder and CEO of Digital Equipment Corporation（DEC），stated"There is no reason for any individual to have a computer in his home．"Despite being a dominant leader in the computer industry，DEC no longer exists．
People seem to forget that since innovation is a change，there can be no innovation without change．Unfortunately，conventional wisdom prevents leaders，followers and companies from changing and therefore innovating．If companies don't innovate，but their competitors do，the future is likely to be problematic．Breaking from conventional wisdom has led to many of the most innovative companies and products in history across many industries，so it has a powerful effect on business success．
Ted Turner（founder of CNN） knew little，if anything，about the news business，but he knew it was inconvenient to watch news only at the dinner hour，as was common before CNN．Turner's solution was to create a cable channel devoted to news 24hours a day．The news establishment reflected conventional wisdom at the time，and predicted his idea would fail because no one wanted to watch the news all day．However，it doesn't take a rocket scientist to understand that viewers don't have to watch the news all day for the CNN to work．Viewers just have to watch when they want to get information．Due to conventional thinking，the critics failed to recognize the opportunity that was clear to Ted．They assumed that only what was familiar to them could work in the future．
Conventional wisdom prevents creativity，flexibility and risk-taking，so unconventional leaders enthusiastically break from it．To survive，boom and maintain competitive advantage，companies must be flexible when reacting to change．
32．DEC has disappeared probably becauseA．
A．the CEO stuck to the conventional ideas
B．the consumers didn't like its products
C．the leaders lacked the sense of security
D．the employees took many risks with changes
33．The founding of CNN is used as an example to proveC．
A．missing opportunities could lead to failure
B．watching news at the dinner hour is convenient
C．changing could contribute to business success
D．conventional wisdom influences business success
34．What does the underlined part probably mean？B
A．Rocket scientists can ensure the CNN works properly．
B．It's easy to know people needn't watch the news all the time．
C．It's necessary to understand when people watch the news．
D．Most of the viewers don't like to watch the news at work．
35．The passage is mainly written to tell us thatD．
A．old methods are changing with time
B．opportunities lead to business success
C．successful companies need wise leaders
D．conventional wisdom limits innovation．

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