15．There are two factors (61)determining an individual's intelligence．The first is the sort of brain——青夏教育精英家教网—

15．There are two factors （61）determining（determine） an individual's intelligence．The first is the sort of brain he is born（62）with．Human brains differ considerably，some being more capable than others．（63）Buthowever good a brain he has to begin with，an individual will have a low intelligence unless he has（64）opportunities（opportunity） to learn．So the second factor is what happens to the individual-the sort of environment（65）wherehe is brought up．If an individual is handicapped（受阻碍）environmentally，it is（66）likely（like）that his brain will fail to develop and he will never reach the level of intelligence of which he is capable．
The importance of environment in determining an individual's intelligence can be shown by（67）thecase of the twins，Peter and Mark．When the twins were three months old，（68）theirparents died，and they were placed in separate foster homes．Peter was brought up by parents of low intelligence with poor educational opportunities．Mark was educated in the home of well-to-do parents who（69）had been（be） to college．This environmental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens，when they（70）were given（give） tests to measure their intelligence．Mark's I．Q．was 125，twenty-five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his twin brother．

14．During the summer vacation，some college students choose to climb mountains，and some think learning how to drive a car is a vital skill for their future．But with tough weather conditions，tough driving instructors and even tougher requirements for getting a license，students not only learn a skill but also a lesson for life．
Endurance test
Zhang Li，19，nearly lost confidence when he learned to drive．"The driving instructor easily gets angry about my performance．We new students make a lot of newcomer mistakes，which really gets on their nerves，"But through his parents'advice，however，he started seeing it as an endurance test．"It will be important to keep calm at all times，"says Zhang．
Vital checks
Wei Ruolin，22，almost caused an accident when she finally got behind the wheel next to the instructor．
"I forgot to check the position of the rear-and side-view mirrors before driving，"Says Wei．
When you drive，don't hurry to start the car but check everything before moving off．
Difficult rules
Huang Shunlin，22，"I didn't pay much attention to the test at first and failed it three times，"says Huang．"When I finally treated it like a real test and prepared with my friend's help，it was easy and I learned many things to keep me safe on the road．"
21．What is the main idea of the passage？A
A．Summer Vacation：Time for Getting a Driving License
B．Summer Vacation：Time to Climb Mountains
C．Summer Vacation：Time to Learn a Skill
D．Summer Vacation：a Lesson for Life
22．Why did Huang Shunlin fail the test three times？Because heD．
A．learned many things to keep himself safe on the road
B．treated it like a real test and prepared carefully
C．found the majority of the test is not based on common sense
D．didn't pay much attention to the test at first
23．During summer vacation，some students needn't haveDto learn to drive a car．
A．Vital checks
B．Difficult rules
C．Endurance test
D．Friends'help．

13．正好与人们认为的相反，沙漠也可以成为美丽的地方．
Contraryto popular belief，the desert can be a beautiful place．

12．她出了交通事故，被困在车里．幸运的是，有两个过路人向她伸出了援手．
She had an accident and was trapped in her car．Luckily，two passers-bycameto heraid．

11．人不同于野兽，因前者能笑，而后者却不能．
Human beingsdifferfrom beastsinthat the former is able to laugh，while the latter aren't．

10．He ought tobe punished （punish），but he made an apology to all of us and we forgave him．

9．Judging （judge） from her accent，she must be from Sichuan．

8．The town is believedto have been founded （found） by English settlers in 1790．

7．Bitten （bite） by the snake in the bush for half an hour，Susan was sent back to the camp．

6．As shocking as the idea of baby birds growing up in a cigarette-filled home sounds，a new study suggests that some birds may benefit from putting the stuff from cigarette butts （烟蒂） into their nests．The nicotine remaining in smoked filters （滤嘴） may serve as a natural insecticide （杀虫剂），driving harmful insects away from the nests and the baby birds living within．Tobacco plants produce nicotine because it defends against insects that would otherwise eat the plants．
The butts are undoubtedly smelly．But birds are actually quite fond of smelly chemicals，such as those found in aromatic （芳香的） plants．Some nest-building species regularly fill their nests with fresh aromatics，possibly because the chemicals are good for the immune system or the development of the chicks．Alternatively，the plant chemicals might act as insecticides．
In the study，researchers at the Autonomous University of Tlaxcala in Mexico set up heat traps，which attract harmful insects，in 55nests around Mexico City．Some traps were lined with the stuff in smoked cigarette filters．The others were lined with the stuff from unsmoked cigarette filters，which did not contain nicotine and other smoking by-products．Whether the nest held eggs，chicks or nothing，the unsmoked cigarette traps collected more harmful insects，suggesting that it is the chemicals that drove harmful insects away．
In a second experiment，the researchers collected 28house sparrow nests and 29house finch （朱雀） nests from Mexico City immediately after the chicks flew out for food．They found that the more smoked filter stuff filled a nest，the fewer harmful insects it had．
The missing piece of the puzzle is whether the reduced number of harmful insects in the nests actually provided any benefit to the chicks．It is also unclear if nicotine or another chemical found in cigarettes may have turned the harmful insects out of the nests．
If the results hold，then this study is an example of wildlife adaptation to urbanization-or at least evidence that birds are smart and can still follow their noses in urban environments．
63．What may be the function of nicotine in cigarette butts for birds？A
A．To provide building materials for bird nests．
B．To drive harmful insects away from bird nests．
C．To protect the plants from being eaten by insects．
D．To attract baby birds to stay in the nests．
64．What is the first experiment aimed at？D
A．Proving that heat traps attract harmful insects in Mexico City．
B．Comparing smoked cigarette filters with unsmoked ones．
C．Analyzing what is produced from smoked cigarette filters．
D．Studying what it is that drives harmful insects away．
65．What can you infer from the passage？C
A．Birds tend to use insecticide to protect the baby birds．
B．Nicotine is the only chemical that drives harmful insects away．
C．Some insects are afraid of smelly chemicals in aromatic plants．
D．Unsmoked cigarette traps attract more harmful insects．
66．Where could you possibly see the passage？A
A．In a science report
B．In an urbanization essay
C．In a tobacco advertisement
D．In an anti-smoking brochure．

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