19．Speaking two languages can actually help offset some effects of aging on the brain.a new study ha——青夏教育精英家教网—

19．Speaking two languages can actually help offset（抵消） some effects of aging on the brain，a new study has found．
Researchers tested how long it took participants to switch from one cognitive（认知的） task to another，something that's known to take longer for older adults，said lead researcher，Brian Gold，a neuroscientist at the University of Kentucky．
Gold's team compared task-switching speeds for younger and older adults，knowing they would find slower speeds in the older population because of previous studies．However，they found that older adults who spoke two languages were able to switch mental activities faster than those didn't．The study only looked at life-long bilinguals，defined in study as people who had spoken a second language daily since they were at least 10years old．
Gold and his team asked 30people，either bilingual or monolingual，to have a series of tests．They found that bilingual people were not only able to switch tasks faster，they had different brain activity than their monolingual peers．
Kristina called bilingualism"a beautiful natural experiment"，because people grow up speaking two languages，and studies have shown that they get certain cognitive benefits from switching between languages and determining which to respond with based on what's going on around them．
Gold said he grew up in Montreal，where he spoke French at school and English at home，prompting relatives to question whether his French language immersion（专心）would somehow hinder his ability to learn English．
"Until very recently，learning a second language in childhood was thought of as dangerous，"he said．"Actually，it's beneficial．"

29．What's the main idea of the passage？A
A．Researchers found that bilingual people can slow down the speed or aging on the brain and respond fast．
B．Researchers found that bilingual people respond slowly．
C．Researchers found that speaking two languages is important．
D．Researchers found that bilingual people are great．
30．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage？C
A．Older bilinguals can't respond faster in mind．
B．Young bilinguals can respond faster in mind than those monolinguals．
C．Older adults speaking a second language daily since they were at least 10years old can respond faster than those who don't．
D．Bilingual children respond slower in mind than those monolinguals．
31．In Gold's opinion，learning a second language in childhood isD．
A．dangerous to children
B．not beneficial to children
C．dangerous but beneficial to children
D．not dangerous but beneficial to children．

18．Dear Carol，
I wear braces （牙箍） and I know I look just terrible in them．Is there anything I can do to improve my appearance until they come off？
Connie N．
Philadelphia，PA
Dear Connie，
Start by thinking about how good you are going to look when your braces come off．If you are negative（负面的）about your appearance，people will pick that up right away about you．In the meantime there are several things that you can do to lift your spirits：
Change your hairstyle．Be sure to get a good cut so that the shape of your hair will be flattering to your face and also good for your type of hair （fine，thick，straight，curly，etc．） Choose a hairstyle that draws attention away from your face．Hair pulled back into a pony-tail or into a ball on top or slightly off-center can be attractive and practical for this purpose．
Keep skin clean．If you choose to wear makeup（化妆品），it should look natural．Blusher（腮红） and lip gloss（润唇膏） in light tones of peach or pink are best．
Be well-groomed（打扮）．Neatness really counts．People see a total look about you before they ever become aware of your braces．And first impressions are lasting ones!

25．Why did Connie write to Carol？B
A．Because she really cared about her clothes．
B．Because she cared much about her appearance．
C．Because her teeth were not good．
D．Because she didn't know how to make up．
26．Carol's idea about one's appearance is thatD．
A．change your hairstyle and you will look beautiful
B．keep your skin clean and you will look good
C．neatness really counts
D．if you yourself don't think you look smart，neither will people
27．Carol tries to let Connie know thatD．
A．the deepest impressions one leaves on others is the first ones
B．spirits are important when we talk about one's appearance
C．there are some practical ways to draw people's attention away from where you don't feel good
D．all of the above
28．The underlined word"count"means"B"in the last paragraph．
A．say numbers in order B．be important C．not include D．be accepted．

17．In the past decade the popularity of rock climbing has greatly increased，and so has the number of injuries．It has been estimated that rock climbing is now enjoyed by more than 9million people in the US each year．Study findings revealed a 65% increase in the number of patients that were treated in US emergency departments for rock climbing-related injuries between 1991and 2012．
The study，published in the online issue of the American Journal of Preventive Medicine，found that about 40，000patients were treated in US emergency departments for rock climbing-related injuries between 1991and 2012．The most common types of rock climbing-related injuries were fractures（骨折） and sprains （扭伤）．The ankle was the most common body part to be injured （40%）．Climbers in the study ranged in age from 2to 74，with an average age of 26．The study also found that women took up a quarter of the injuries．
Falls were the primary reason for injury with over three-quarters of the injuries occurring as the result of a fall．The severity of fall-related injuries had a lot to do with the height of the fall．Patients who were injured after falling from a height over 20feet were 10times more likely to be treated than patients who were injured falling from 20feet or lower．
"We found that the climbers who fell from heights higher than 20feet took up 70 percent of the patients treated for a rock climbing-related injury，"explained the study author Lara McKenzie，PhD，director at the Center for Injury Research and Policy at Nationwide Hospital．"This trend，combined with the fact that rock climbers have a higher hospitalization rate than other sports and recreational injuries，demonstrates the need to increase injury prevention efforts for climbers．"

21．Which body part is most likely to get injured for a climber？C
A．The arm            B．The knee        C．The ankle          D．The hand
22．How many women climbers in American got injured while climbing a rock between 1991and 2012？D
A．About 40，000        B．About 30，000    C．About 20，000       D．About 10，000
23．The severity of climbers'fall-related injures is mainly related toA．
A．the height of the fall．
B．the climber's age．
C．the climber's health condition
D．the climber's climbing experience．
24．The underlined word"demonstrates"in the last paragraph can be replaced byB．
A．denies              B．proves         C．prevents            D．describes．

16．假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文．文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处．每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改．
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（^），并在其下面写出该加的词．
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉．
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词．
注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分．
Last Sunday my father and I go fishing along a river．We found that the water was very dirty that we could hardly catch any fish in it．A lot of factories along the river always poured their waste water and rubbish into the river，that made the river polluted．With this way most of the fish in the river were killed．If the rivers all over the country are polluting like this，no living things will exist in the water．Which we all know，environmental pollution does harm living things．Now more and more people have been realized what serious this problem is．Our government is doing her best to take measure to fight against pollution．We expect that the water in every river will be made cleaner and cleaner before long．

15．In order to know a foreign language thoroughly，four things are necessary．Firstly，we must understand the language when we hear it（61）spoken（ speak）．Secondly，we must be able to speak it correctly with confidence and without hesitation．（62）Thirdly，we must be able to read the language，and fourthly，we must be able to write it．We must be able to make（63）sentences （ sentence） that are grammatically correct．
There is no easy way to success in language learning．A good memory is of great（64）help （helpful），but it is not enough only （65）to memorize（memorize） rules from a grammar book．It is not much use learning by heart long list of words and their meaning，studying the dictionary（66）andso on．We must learn by using the language．If we are satisfied（67）with only a few rules we have memorized，we are not really learning the language．"Learn through use"is a good piece of （68）advice（advise） for those（69）whoare studying a new language．Practice is important．We must practise speaking and （70）writing（write） the language whenever we can．

14．Money Matters
Parents should help their children understand money．（36）Gso you may start talking about money when your child shows an interest in buying things，candy or toys，for example．
1．The basic function of money
Being explaining the basic function of money by showing how people trade money for goods or services．it's important to show your child how money is traded for the thing he wants to have．If he wants to have a toy，give him the money and let him hand the money to the cashier．（37）Fwhen your child grows a bit older and understands the basic function of money，you can start explaining more complex ways of using money．
2．Money lessons
Approach money lessons with openness and honesty．（38）DIf you must say no to a child's request to spend money，explain，"You have enough toy trucks for now．"Or，if the request is for many different things，say．"You have to make a choice between this toy and that toy．"
3．（39）A
Begin at the grocery store．Pick out similar brands of a product-a name brand butter and a generic（无商标产品），for example．You can show your child how to make choices between different brands of a product so that you can save money．（40）C If he chooses the cheaper brand，allow him to make another purchase with the money saved．Later，you may explains how the more expensive choice leaves less money for other purchases．

A．wise decision．
B．The value of money．
C．Permit the child why he can-or cannot-have certain things．
D．Talk yourself what things that cost money are most important to you．
E．Ask yourself what things that cost money are most important to you．
F．Talk about how the money bought the thing after you leave the toy store．
G．The best time to teach a child anything about money is when he shows an interest．

13．A group of swimmers has described how a group of dolphins （海豚） protected them from a group of white sharks （食人鲨）off the coast of New Zealand．The lifeguards were on a training swim when they came across a group of great white sharks before the dolphins raced in to help．
The swimmers were surrounded by the dolphins for forty minutes before they were able to make them safety back to the beach．It was an uncomfortable experience as they were circled by a group of white sharks，which came within a couple of meters of them．Lifeguard Rob Howes was in the water with two colleagues （同事） and his teenage daughter．He said around half a dozen dolphins suddenly appeared and forced them to gather together．The mammals （哺乳动物） swam in tight circles to create a protective wall between the white sharks and the lifeguards as the great white sharks were under the surface．
The swimmers said the dolphins were extremely upset and repeatedly slapped （拍打） the water with their tails as if to try to prevent the white sharks from attacking them．It's a day they'll never forget，especially for one who was on her first day as a volunteer．They have no doubt that the dolphins acted on purpose to protect them．Researchers have said that they're not surprised．A marine biologist insisted that dolphins，which are considered to be one of the most intelligent mammals，like to help the helpless．
25．How many swimmers are attacked by the white sharks？B
A．Two．B．Three．C．Four．D．Five．
26．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage？D
A．The dolphins was forced to save the lifeguards．
B．The sharks were five miles away from the lifeguards．
C．The lifeguards were hurt by a group of white sharks．
D．The dolphins surrounded the lifeguards for less than an hour．
27．Which of the following can be the best title？B
A．Sharks Protect Swimmers from Dolphins
B．Dolphins Protect Swimmers from Sharks
C．Lifeguards Protect Dolphins from Sharks
D．Lifeguards Protect Sharks from Dolphins．

12．不同的国家有不同的风俗文化，在庆祝节日方式上都是不同的．在今天的班会课上，你班的同学们就"我们该如何看待外国节日对中国的影响"这个话题展开了激烈的辩论．请结合辩论内容，用英语写一篇题为"How Should We Treat Foreign Festivals"的作文．
内容包括：
　　1．一些人支持庆祝西方的节日，原因：帮助我们了解西方的文化．
一些人反对，原因：担心中国传统节日被取代，影响文化传承．
2．你的观点．
注意：
1．词数100词左右．
2．开头已给出，不计入总词数．
3．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯．参考词汇：文化传承：cultural inheritance
How Should We Treat Foreign Festivals
Nowadays，western festivals become more and more popular in China．_______________
___________________________________________________________________________

11．假如你是李华，你远在美国的笔友Jack对中国的传统节日很感兴趣，他来信询问春节有关情况．请你回复：
1）简单介绍春节
2）春节的时间
3）中国人如何过春节的
4）你对春节的态度
要求：1．词数：120左右
      2．email的开头与结尾已给出，不计入总词数．
Dear Jack，
I am glad to tell you something about Chinese Spring Festival．
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
Regards!
                                                                    Yours，
                                                                    Li Hua．

10．请根据以下提示"How to develop a sense of humour"为题写一篇英语短文：
1．观察生活，因为生活中有很多幽默瞬间；
2．看幽默电影，读趣味文章；
3．与幽默的人在一起，尝试开玩笑．
注意：
1．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；2．词数100左右．
                    How to develop a sense of humour

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