7．Easy Ways to Keep Your Brain SharpEveryone is forgetful.but as we age.we start to feel like our br——青夏教育精英家教网—

7．Easy Ways to Keep Your Brain Sharp
Everyone is forgetful，but as we age，we start to feel like our brains are slowing down a bit and that can be a very annoying thing．（36）F Read on for some techniques （技巧） worth trying．
1．（37）A
People who regularly made plans and looked forward to upcoming events had a 50percent reduced chance of Alzheimer's disease （早老性痴呆症），according to a recent study．（38）E Something as simple as setting a goal to have a weekly coffee date with a friend will do．There's evidence that people who have a purpose in life or who are working on long or short term goals appear to do better．In other words，keep your brain looking forward．
2．Go for a walk．Mildly raised glucose （葡萄糖） levels can harm the area of the brain that helps you form memories and physical activity can help get blood glucose down to normal levels．In fact，exercise produces chemicals that are good for your brain．（39）G
3．Learn something new．
Take a Spanish class online，join a drawing club，or learn to play cards．A study found that mental stimulation （刺激） limits the weakening effects of aging on memory and the mind．But the best thing for your brain is when you learn something new and are physically active at the same time．（40）C Or go dancing with your friends．
A．Focus on the future．
B．This can be especially harmful to the aged．
C．It should be something like learning gardening．
D．So take a few minutes each day to study．
E．But don't worry if your schedule isn't filled with life-changing events．
F．Luckily，research shows there is a lot you can do to avoid those moments．
G．In other words，when you take care of your body，you take care of your brain．

6．A．The Definition of Creativity
B．The Value of Creative Thinking
C．The Disadvantage of School Education
D．The Importance of Giving Children Choices
E．Creativity not Being Something Born With
F．Effective Ways to Develop Students'Creativity

The Case for Creativity-Encouraging Children to Think
Creativity is the key to a brighter future，say education and business experts．Here is how schools and parents can encourage this vital skill in children．
（81）B
If Dick Drew had listened to his boss in 1925，we might not have a product that we now think of as practically essential：masking tape．Drew worked for the company，known as 3M．At work he developed a sticky-side substance strong enough to hold things together．But his boss told him not to pursue the idea．Finally，using his own time，Drew perfected the tape，which now is used everywhere by many people．And his former company learned from its mistake：Now 3M encourages people to spend 15percent of their work time just thinking and developing new ideas．Experts say if we teach our children to think creatively，they will be better able to function in tomorrow's society．
（82）E
Creativity is not a natural ability，nor is it necessarily a characteristic of high intelligence．Just because a person is highly intelligent does not mean that he uses it creatively．Creativity is the matter of using the resources one has to produce original ideas that are good for something．
（83）C
Unfortunately，schools have not tended to promote creativity．With strong emphasis on test scores and the development of reading，writing and mathematical skills，many educators sacrifice creativity for correct answers．The result is that children can give back information but can't recognize ways to apply it to new situations．They may know their multiplication tables，for example，but they are unable to apply them to story problems．
（84）F
In some schools，however，educators are recognizing the problem and are trying their best to encourage creativity in their students．Some teachers are combining the basics with activities where the students must use their imagination．For example，instead of simply asking WHEN Columbus discovered the New World，teachers might ask students to think about what would have happened if his trip had taken him to New York first instead of to the Caribbean area．With that question，students would have to use what they know about Columbus，what they know about New York，and what they know about the Caribbean．Teachers feel that even if the answers seem silly，it's OK，that sometimes being silly is an essential step toward creativity．
（85）D
From the earliest age，children should be allowed to make decisions and understand their consequences．Even if it's choosing between two food items for lunch，decision-making helps thinking skills．As children grow older，parents should let their children decide how to use their time or spend their money but not automatically help them too much if they make the wrong decision．This may be confusing for the child，but that is all right．This is because one of the most important traits of creative people is a very strong motivation to make order out of confusion．

5．A．Focus on your relationships．
B．Think about what to do next．
C．Take good care of your body．
D．Try to avoid over-thinking．
E．Set up a proper goal for yourself．
F．Practise acts of kindness．

Five Happiness Secrets For Tough Times
Sonja Lyubomirsky，an author，has researched the science of happiness for years．Here are her tips to help you cope with a bad economy，and increase your bursts of happiness throughout the day．
（61）D
"You could spend a lot of time thinking deeply，"says Lyubomirsky．"But that just makes you feel even more pessimistic，more out of control，and affects your self esteem．Your relationships will suffer and your job performance will suffer．"
Get rid of pessimism．One of the most effective ways to cope when things are difficult is to adopt a positive thinking strategy．"What can I learn from this？Times are tough，I've been furloughed at work，but I can spend more time with the kids，adopt a new hobby，or learn a new set of skills．"
（62）F
Now more than ever we need each other to survive．Lyubomirsky found that doing good things for friends，family，or strangers can make you happier．Think of practical，everyday gestures that can make someone's life a little bit easier．For example，Lyubomirsky says，"Maybe now many of us can't afford to take a cab to the airport，so offer to give a friend a ride．"
（63）A
You don't need an expert to tell you that relationships are critical to happiness．Not being the bread-winner anymore or not being able to fulfill your kid's needs can weigh down hard on your family life．But the trick is to stop feeling guilty and focus on caring for your loved ones．
"I was at a psychology conference where an expert was talking about the effects of this economy on families and how parents can't afford to buy their kids luxuries like toys anymore，"says Lyubomirsky．"But what they don't realize is that kids don't care about toys-what they care about is parents being grumpy and taking it out on them．"
（64）E
"If you find a happy person you will find a project，"says Lyubomirsky．"Happy people all have goals they care about．"
Commit yourself to a project-whether it is a business you want to start or a dance you want to learn．But it's also important to remember to be flexible in these times．Don't get frustrated if circumstances are stopping you from meeting your goals．Adopt and change!
"If your spouse has lost their job you might have to change your goal，"says Lyubomirsky．"Or you might have to learn a whole new skill for a new job．"
（65）C
When times are tough，it's easy to skip your regular workouts in favor of mopping in front of the TV and eating a bag of chips．Your thinking is"I have more important things to worry about right now than looking good．"
But carve out a small part of your day to give your body some TLC （Tender Loving Care）．It will go a long way in boosting your happiness．"Even if you can't afford to go to the gym，"Lyubomirsky says，"take time out to exercise at home．"

4．A．Arguments are pointless．
B．Your parents only want what's best for you．
C．Everyone's opinion matters only as much as you want them to．
D．You learn by doing．
E．Your emotions are under your control．
F．You aren't stuck in any situation．

Life is the greatest teacher
There always comes a moment when I wonder where I will end up and this moment always serves as a strong motivation for me to learn life lesson．I've learned a great many things，but these are the lessons that I wish I'd learned earlier：
（61）C
There was a time when everyone's opinion was mine as well．Whatever preferences I formerly held were dashed in the face of another's．This most likely came from a need to please others．
Remember that your opinion matters just as much as the next guy's，whether they make more money than you or are less popular than you．Everyone's opinion holds the same weight．
（62）E
Drama，chaos，and emotional unrest-these were what took up most of my time as a teenager．When everyone's obsessed with what's in and what's not，tempers flare； mine mostly．
If I had heard someone said rotten things behind my back，I'd erupt．Go crazy．Looking back on those tantrums now，I'm not too surprised．After all，when you have little self control，anything is possible．The lessons here is，remain aware of how you react．
（63）A
Will one small quarrel among friends decide the fate of the entire universe？In my world it felt like it．I just wanted so much to be right and for them so much to be wrong．But in the end，it only resulted in me wasting my time and in the other person storming off in frustration．
Is there really a point to arguing？Unless it's absolutely necessary，I've learned that it's better to hold your breath on things you can't control at all．
Arguing to change someone's mind is one of them．
（64）B
I'm not saying every parent wants what's best for you （there are outliers），but in general，parents do what they do for you in your best interest．My parents used to make me do the dishes，cook dinner，sweep the floors，mow the lawn，take out the garbage…the list goes on and on．And at every turn，I'd whine and complain．I'd eventually end up doing it．Now，I honestly see the value in having learned those skills．I can efficiently cook and clean up after myself．
（65）F
Whenever I'd lose a friend，get an awful grade，or disappoint my parents，I stewed in my own muck．Waiting for the bad moments to go away seemed to be the only solution．Fortunately，I know now that you don't have to be stuck in bad situations．You can go out and create better ones．
It all depends on perspective； on how you see the situation．Viewing everything as a learning experience makes life more pleasurable，even during the hard times．You aren't stuck．You can move on．
I'm glad to have learned these lessons the way I did．Each experience helped shape me to become a better person．I don't know if any young people are reading this，but if they are，I'd like to say this："Listen to life and it's experiences．Everyone goes through mostly the same things．"

3．A、To be organized
B、To be creative
C、To distinguish between primary and secondary
D、To be a good listener
E、To be patient
F、To have a positive attitude

（61）EOf course knowledge of your subject is important，but when you're teaching people the key is to understand that not everyone learns in the same way，or at the same speed．So you have to accept this and not get frustrated if someone seems to be talking longer to understand a point．It is really important to remember this point．
（62）CThere are a lot of books about management theory，maybe too many of them，but for me it's all down to one thing：the ability to tell what's urgent and important from what isn't．We have a lot of different advertising projects and promotions going on at any one time and I have to decide what needs working on now and what can wait．This ability is not within easy reach，and learning and practice are really indispensable．
（63）FAs is known to all，no one likes rejection，but in my line of work you have to accept that sometimes people are going to say"no"．It is inevitable and you have to confront this kind of frustrations．Actually，the critical point is how you deal with failure．If you don't remain optimistic and move on to the next customer or prospect with enthusiasm，then you are not going to get very far．This ability is of absolute necessity for this kind of job．
（64）AI've been very lucky-at least most of my colleagues think so-in that my bosses have always been nice，patient types．I've been working for the same boss now for nine years，keeping her diary，organizing her travel and making sure she always has the right information to hand．I see my main role as trying to keep everything in order for her so that she can approach her work feeling calm and supposed．But of course，not all people have this luck like mine．
（65）DThere are not so any of us anymore．I think only a few big companies still have an internal medical service．That's a shame because the health of the staff has a big effect on morale．Also，if you have a lot of people absent through sickness it can really affect the bottom line．My role is to be aware of what the current health issues and risks are and to take actions to prevent those ones hurting the company．So I spend most of my time listening to people and gathering information．Believe it or not，it sounds pretty easy，but actually not so easy to do it well either in our work or in our lives．

2．A、You'd better plan regularly．
B、You should build a right attitude．
C、You will benefit from a balanced study．
D、It is always better if you keep comprehensive notes．
E、It's a good habit to share thoughts and views with other students．
F、Studying before class is as important as researching the subject after class．

Studying Tips and Techniques
If you often find yourself struggling with your studies，here are some useful tips and techniques that can help you out…
（71）F It is a common misconception that self-study can begin only after a particular topic or chapter is taught in class．You should start preparing for the class in advance．After attending classes，it is of great importance that you have time to review the notes that you have taken during the class as well as try and read more about the subject on your own．Be it （无论是）reference books，or e-books，try and find more information about your subject so that you have a comprehensive（全面的）view of the topics．Often while reading and self-studying，it happens that you come across doubts and questions that did not occur to you in the classroom．Try and answer these questions yourself with the help of books or the internet．However in case you fail to answer，write down these questions so that you remember to clarify the questions in your next class．
（72）E Involve yourself in group discussions about the subjects that you are studying．Group discussions can be a great way to broaden your viewpoint over important issues since group discussions give every group member a chance to voice their understanding，which might not necessarily be alike．Group discussions are thus a healthy and a rather informal way of exchanging information and discussing issues．Many teachers encourage the group discussion technique in their classroom as well．
（73）A No matter how much people disapprove of the process and the timetables，it is a known fact that having a clear and detailed project makes it easier for a person to reach a goal．According to your convenience，map out your daily/weekly/monthly study．It is always better to have a weekly or a daily arrangement，so that unexpected changes in class schedules or any other changes can be taken into consideration accordingly．
（74）C Yes，there exist some species of students who burn the midnight oil．The studying process should be such that it leaves enough room for a student to join in entertainment activities and relaxation．Always chalk out a schedule that will not influence your sleep，your health，your sports/entertainment activities and other routine tasks．Also studying a single subject at a stretch （like an entire week or so），can get boring，for this reason plan a schedule that helps you switch from one subject to another in enough time．
（75）B Normally students get too caught up with grades，the percentage and the entire marking system．Always remember that if you study with the aim of acquiring knowledge，the grades will be brighter．However，if you just aim for high grades，there is a chance you might get the grades，but you will miss out on acquiring comprehensive knowledge on a particular subject．Always study with the right point of view，and you will never have to worry about your grades．Knowledge is way beyond grades．

1．A good book can be satisfying．If reading is a habit you'd like to get into，there are some ways to develop it．
Realize that reading is enjoyable if you have a good book．If you have a difficult book and you are forcing yourself through it，it will seem like a task．（36）F
Set time．You should have some time during every day when you'll read for at least 5to 10minutes．（37）GFor example，make it a habit to read during breakfast and lunch and even dinner if you eat alone．
Always carry a book．（38）AWhen I leave the house，I always make sure to have my car keys and one book at hand．The book stays with me in the car，and I take it into the office and to appointments and pretty much everywhere I go．
（39）DFind a place in your home where you can sit in a comfortable chair．Don't lie down unless you're going to sleep．There shouldn't be a television or a computer near the chair，and no music or no noisy family members/roommates．If you don't have a place like this，create one．
Reduce television/the Internet．If you really want to read more，try cutting back on time on TV or the Internet．（40）EBut remember：every minute you reduce of the Internet/TV，you could use for reading．This could create hours of book reading time．

A．Wherever you go，take a book with you．
B．Go to bookstores．
C．Have some good tea or coffee while you read．
D．Find a quiet place．
E．This may be difficult for some people．
F．If this happens，give up the book and find another one that you'll really love．
G．It means you will read no matter how busy you are．

20．（36）EYou probably think you will never be a top student．This is not necessarily so，however．Anyone can become a better student if he or she wants to．Here's how：
Plan your time carefully．When planning your work，you should make a list of things that you have to do．After making this list，you should make a schedule of your time．First your time for eating，sleeping，dressing，etc．Then decide a good，regular time for studying．
（37）B A weekly schedule may not solve all your problems，but it will force you realize what is happening to your time．
Find a good place to study．Look around the house for a good study area．Keep this space，which may be a desk or simply a corner of your room，free of everything but study materials．No games，radios，or television．When you sit down to study，concentrate on the subject．
Make good use of your time in class．
（38）C Listening carefully in class means less work later．Taking notes will help you remember what the teacher says．
Study regularly．When you get home from school，go over your notes，review the important points that your teacher is going to discuss the next day，read that material．（39）F If you do these things regularly，the material will become more meaningful，and you'll remember it longer．
Develop a good attitude towards tests．The purpose of a test is to show what you have learned about a subject．They help you remember your new knowledge．The world won't end if you
don't pass a test，so don't be over worried．
（40）A You will probably discover them after you have tried these．

A．There are other methods that might help you with your studying．
B．Don't forget to set aside enough time for entertainment．
C．Take advantage of class time to listen to everything the teacher says．
D．No one can become a top student unless he or she works hard．
E．Maybe you are an average student．
F．Make full use of class time to take notes of what the teacher says in class．
G．This will help you understand the next class．

19．When it comes to the benefit of volunteering，a lot of people think it's all about the warm feeling after helping someone．（36）D As is known，Charity work requires a wide variety of people to do a wide variety of things for everything to work．It means that there are some surprising benefits for volunteers．For example，volunteering：
★Teaches you new skills
From helping making websites to teaching immigrant kids your native language，or to arranging events for charity，volunteering can really be almost anything．It means that when you get involved in charity work，a lot of the time you will face challenges．（37）F
★Can teach you what truly matters
It's a great way to find new perspectives（视角）on life．When you've been at it for a while，you just might find yourself re-evaluating your advantages．（38）C One of my friends went from wanting to be a lawyer to discovering a true passion for teaching．
★（39）A
Maybe it's not so surprising，but what might surprise you is how genuine these friends are．Some of my long term friends are people I've met through volunteering．I'm not the kind of guy that makes friends purely for connections，but sometimes it's very convenient to have a broad network．
Summed up in one line：Volunteering helps you grow．（40）G You meet a very wide variety of people you don't have a lot in common with．You learn to get along with people involved in many different walks in life．You learn to know what you are to do．So if you've ever considered volunteering，what are you waiting for？

A．Helps you make new friends．
B．Can help improve social skills
C．You might even decide on a completely new path to take in life．
D．As it turns out，that's far from the only benefit．
E．Volunteering helps you look outside yourself and your problems．
F．Through overcoming the challenges，you learn completely new skills．
G．Not only as a person，but it helps you develop your skill set as well．

18．The hardest language
People often ask which is the most difficult language to learn，and it is not easy to answer because there are many factors to take into consideration．Firstly，in a first language the differences are unimportant as people learn their mother tongue naturally．（55）E．
A native speaker of Spanish，for example，will find Portuguese much easier to learn than a native speaker of Chinese，for example，because Portuguese is very similar to Spanish，while Chinese is very different．（56）A．The greater the differences between the second language and our first，the harder it will be for most people to learn．
（57）B．Teachers and the circumstances in which the language is learned also play an important role，as well as each learner's motivation for learning．If people learn a language because they need to use it professionally，they often learn it faster than people studying a language that has no direct use in their day to day life．
Apparently，British diplomats and other embassy staff have found that the second hardest language is Japanese，which will probably come as no surprise to many，but the language that they have found to be the most problematic is Hungarian，which has 35cases forms of a nouns according to whether it is subject，object，etc．
（58）D In the case of Hungarian for British learners，it is not a question of the writing system，which uses a similar alphabet，but the grammatical complexity，though native speakers of related languages may find it easier，while struggling with languages that the British find relatively easy．
No language is easy to learn well，though languages which are related to our first language are easier．Learning a completely different writing system is a huge challenge，but that does not necessarily make a language more difficult than another．In the end，it is impossible to say that there is one language that is the most difficult language in the world．

A．In this case，first language can affect learning a second language
B．Some people seem to learn languages readily，while others find it very difficult．
C．Regardless of this，it is difficult to gain a good knowledge of every language．
D．Individuals from different cultures will find different languages more difficult．
E．So the question of how hard a language is to learn is only relevant when learning a second language．

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