3．Why do young adult children become independent so much later than they did in 1970，when the average age of independent living was 21？Why have reduced class sizes and increased per-pupil expenditures （花销）not （36）B higher academic achievement levels？Why is the mental health of today's kids so poor when （37）C with that of children in the 1960s and before？Why do today's （38）A become defensive when told by teachers that their children have misbehaved in school？
The answer in two words：parental （39）C．Those two words best summarize the （40）A between"old"child raising and new，post-1960s parenting．Then，the overall philosophy was that parents were not to be （41）C involved with their kids．They were available （42）A crisis，but they stood a （an） （43）Bdistance from their kids and allowed them to experience the benefits of the trial-and-error process．It was the child's （44）C，back then，to keep his or her parents from getting involved．That was （45）B children learned to be responsible and determined．
Today's parents help their kids with almost everything．These are parents who are （46）Awhen it comes to an understanding of their purpose in their kids，lives．Their involvement leads them to personalize everything that happens to their kids； （47）D，the defensiveness．But given that schools and mental health professionals have been pushing parent involvement for nearly four decades，the confusion and defensiveness are （48）C．
University researchers analyzed three decades of data relating to parent participation in children's academics．Their conclusions （49）A what I've been saying since the 1980s：parental help with homework （50）B a child's academic achievement and is not reflected on standardized tests．
Parents who manage a child's social life interfere with the （51）D of good social skills．Parents who manage a child's after-school activities grow kids who don't know how to （52）C their own free time．Parents who get involved in their kids，（53）B with peers grow kids who don't know how to avoid much less trouble．
These kids have anxieties and fears of all sorts and don't want to leave their （54）A．And their parents，when the time comes，don't know how to （55）D being parents．You can imagine what will become of their future．
The answer in two words：parental （39）C．Those two words best summarize the （40）A between"old"child raising and new，post-1960s parenting．Then，the overall philosophy was that parents were not to be （41）C involved with their kids．They were available （42）A crisis，but they stood a （an） （43）Bdistance from their kids and allowed them to experience the benefits of the trial-and-error process．It was the child's （44）C，back then，to keep his or her parents from getting involved．That was （45）B children learned to be responsible and determined．
Today's parents help their kids with almost everything．These are parents who are （46）Awhen it comes to an understanding of their purpose in their kids，lives．Their involvement leads them to personalize everything that happens to their kids； （47）D，the defensiveness．But given that schools and mental health professionals have been pushing parent involvement for nearly four decades，the confusion and defensiveness are （48）C．
University researchers analyzed three decades of data relating to parent participation in children's academics．Their conclusions （49）A what I've been saying since the 1980s：parental help with homework （50）B a child's academic achievement and is not reflected on standardized tests．
Parents who manage a child's social life interfere with the （51）D of good social skills．Parents who manage a child's after-school activities grow kids who don't know how to （52）C their own free time．Parents who get involved in their kids，（53）B with peers grow kids who don't know how to avoid much less trouble．
These kids have anxieties and fears of all sorts and don't want to leave their （54）A．And their parents，when the time comes，don't know how to （55）D being parents．You can imagine what will become of their future．
| 36．A．counted on | B．resulted in | C．touched on | D．taken in |
| 37．A．associated | B．linked | C．compared | D．matched |
| 38．A．parents | B．adolescents | C．psychologists | D．youths |
| 39．A．assistance | B．protection | C．involvement | D．preference |
| 40．A．differences | B．similarities | C．choices | D．relations |
| 41．A．slightly | B．passively | C．highly | D．fairly |
| 42．A．in case of | B．in spite of | C．in view of | D．in fear of |
| 43．A．equal | B．safe | C．long | D．short |
| 44．A．fault | B．turn | C．job | D．attitude |
| 45．A．when | B．how | C．why | D．what |
| 46．A．confused | B．disappointed | C．amazed | D．satisfied |
| 47．A．however | B．still | C．yet | D．thus |
| 48．A．unreasonable | B．changeable | C．understandable | D．avoidable |
| 49．A．confirmed | B．convinced | C．realized | D．reflected |
| 50．A．decides | B．lowers | C．helps | D．stimulates |
| 51．A．appearance | B．performance | C．establishment | D．development |
| 52．A．value | B．devote | C．fill | D．save |
| 53．A．communication | B．conflicts | C．cooperation | D．competitions |
| 54．A．home | B．school | C．career | D．profession |
| 55．A．start | B．ignore | C．consider | D．stop |
19．A long time ago，a student was in a physics class．He had achieved an（41）B perfect score，but the marker had （42）Chim poorly on one question．The question had asked him how he would （43）A the height of a building using a barometer（气压计）．[
The student had written down．"Go to the （44）D of the building．Drop the barometer and （45）Dthe seconds until it drops on the sidewalk below．（46）B use the formula（公式）for acceleration by gravity to （47）C the height of the building．"
Of course，with the help of a barometer，the （48）B expected the student to use air pressure as a tool for measuring height．So he couldn't （49）Dthat part of the test．
When the student brought up that his answer （50）A solve the question being asked，the professor promised he would let the student answer the question again with a different （51）D．And if the student solved the problem （52）C，he would award him the marks for the question．
Immediately the student （53）Bthat he would use the barometer to knock on the （54）C of the landlord in the building．When the landlord answered the door．he would ask，"How （55）D is this building？"
At once，the professor （56）C what the student was doing．He asked him if he knew of any （57）C methods to reach the answer．The student answered that he would （58）A a long string to the barometer and measure the length of the string．
The professor decided to （59）D the student the marks．As the story goes，the student was young Niels Bohr，later becoming the famous （60）C and discovering the nature of electrons inside atoms．
The student had written down．"Go to the （44）D of the building．Drop the barometer and （45）Dthe seconds until it drops on the sidewalk below．（46）B use the formula（公式）for acceleration by gravity to （47）C the height of the building．"
Of course，with the help of a barometer，the （48）B expected the student to use air pressure as a tool for measuring height．So he couldn't （49）Dthat part of the test．
When the student brought up that his answer （50）A solve the question being asked，the professor promised he would let the student answer the question again with a different （51）D．And if the student solved the problem （52）C，he would award him the marks for the question．
Immediately the student （53）Bthat he would use the barometer to knock on the （54）C of the landlord in the building．When the landlord answered the door．he would ask，"How （55）D is this building？"
At once，the professor （56）C what the student was doing．He asked him if he knew of any （57）C methods to reach the answer．The student answered that he would （58）A a long string to the barometer and measure the length of the string．
The professor decided to （59）D the student the marks．As the story goes，the student was young Niels Bohr，later becoming the famous （60）C and discovering the nature of electrons inside atoms．
| 41．A．outstanding | B．otherwise | C．obvious | D．actual |
| 42．A．understood | B．asked | C．graded | D．fooled |
| 43．A．measure | B．build | C．meet | D．climb |
| 44．A．front | B．back | C．inside | D．top |
| 45．A．follow | B.1eave | C．adjust | D．count |
| 46．A．Thus | B．Then | C．Although | D．Therefore |
| 47．A．deliver | B．divide | C．determine | D．defend |
| 48．A．friend | B．tester | C．manager | D．1awyer |
| 49．A．answer | B．reach | C．fail | D．pass |
| 50．A．did | B．could | C．might | D．would |
| 51．A．barometer | B．tool | C．test | D．method |
| 52．A．immediately | B．slowly | C．again | D．easily |
| 53．A．believed | B．responded | C．proposed | D．challenged |
| 54．A．roof | B．wall | C．door | D．bell |
| 55．A．much | B．old | C．big | D．tall |
| 56．A．wondered | B．asked | C．saw | D．doubted |
| 57．A．great | B．scientific | C．other | D．known |
| 58．A．tie | B．put | C．give | D．pull |
| 59．A．avoid | B．accept | C．abandon | D．award |
| 60．A．biologist | B．dentist | C．physicist | D．artist |
18．In 2014I was 22years old and had just come back to Brazil after 14months in England，holding my Cambridge Proficiency certificate．After nervously （41）B a short training course，I began to give class to my 12students，all of them older than I was．I （42）D hard to remain calm in class and （43）B they wouldn't find out how unconfident I felt a lot of the time．I was quite （44）A，actually，until the end of （45）B and the night of the final oral test．
The test was going to start at 7pm，and at 6：50，I （46）C myself in the teachers'bathroom to （47）C all the test questions again．I really wanted to learn the （48）A by heart so no one would think I was an inexperienced tester．The （49）D is，I actually locked myself in the bathroom．I （50）B couldn't get out!The bell rang at 7pm and I could hear the noise in the halls （51）A the students went to their rooms．I tried hard to （52）C the bathroom door，but failed．
I heard the cleaning lady's voice and asked for help as （53）A as I could．However，she wasn't exactly a thoughtful person，and started （54）D；"Diana's locked in the bathroom!"Shame had fallen upon me!（55）B the course director，the secretary and some teachers were outside the bathroom trying to get me out，and，（56）D，my students gathered outside too，happily saying things like"Aren't we （57）A!No test today!"All I could do was （58）C，feeling miserable and utterly stupid．The door finally opened，and my entire （59）A was waiting for me outside，naughty smiles on their faces．"（60）D!Teacher．"they said，"we know you are human too!"
They all passed their test．True to the Brazilian style，we all went out for a beer afterward，and laughed the whole thing off．
The test was going to start at 7pm，and at 6：50，I （46）C myself in the teachers'bathroom to （47）C all the test questions again．I really wanted to learn the （48）A by heart so no one would think I was an inexperienced tester．The （49）D is，I actually locked myself in the bathroom．I （50）B couldn't get out!The bell rang at 7pm and I could hear the noise in the halls （51）A the students went to their rooms．I tried hard to （52）C the bathroom door，but failed．
I heard the cleaning lady's voice and asked for help as （53）A as I could．However，she wasn't exactly a thoughtful person，and started （54）D；"Diana's locked in the bathroom!"Shame had fallen upon me!（55）B the course director，the secretary and some teachers were outside the bathroom trying to get me out，and，（56）D，my students gathered outside too，happily saying things like"Aren't we （57）A!No test today!"All I could do was （58）C，feeling miserable and utterly stupid．The door finally opened，and my entire （59）A was waiting for me outside，naughty smiles on their faces．"（60）D!Teacher．"they said，"we know you are human too!"
They all passed their test．True to the Brazilian style，we all went out for a beer afterward，and laughed the whole thing off．
| 41．A．holding | B．taking | C．getting | D．giving |
| 42．A．performed | B．learned | C．worked | D．tried |
| 43．A．thought | B．hoped | C．guessed | D．realized |
| 44．A．successful | B．fortunate | C．happy | D．satisfied |
| 45．A．the class | B．the course | C．the day | D．the year |
| 46．A．tidied | B．washed | C．locked | D．reminded |
| 47．A．rewrite | B．answer | C．go over | D．put forward |
| 48．A．questions | B．instructions | C．answers | D．steps |
| 49．A．situation | B．condition | C．trick | D．problem |
| 50．A．probably | B．simply | C．sadly | D．nearly |
| 51．A．As | B．before | C．after | D．until |
| 52．A．knock | B．kick | C．open | D．push |
| 53．A．quietly | B．hurriedly | C．excitedly | D．crazily |
| 54．A．scolding | B．running | C．laughing | D．shouting |
| 55．A．At first | B．Soon enough | C．In the end | D．Right now |
| 56 A．to my amazement | B．to my delight | C．to my surprise | D．to my horror |
| 57．A．lucky | B．comfortable | C．anxious | D．regretful |
| 58．A．watch | B．smile | C．wait | D．worry |
| 59．A．class | B．staff | C．group | D．school |
| 60．A．Sorry | B．Congratulations | C．Don't be angry | D．Don't worry． |
16．A great many people are disappointed because of unrealistic expectations．
Walking up to a department store's（1）Bcounter，an attractive young woman said，"I want to buy this material for a new dress．How much does it cost？"
"Only one（2）Aper yard，"replied the smirking （自鸣得意的） male clerk．
Not to be taken back by the funny words，the woman said，"That's fine!I'll take ten yards．"
With（3）C written all over his face，the clerk hurriedly（4）A out and wrapped the cloth，and then held it out teasingly，leaning forward to receive his"（5）B"．
The woman got the package quickly from the clerk and pointed to a little old（6）B standing beside her．"Grandpa will pay the bill instead of me，"she（7）A．
He was no doubt disappointed．But in the course of living，many people are（8）B when others do not（9）Atheir expectations．In order to be happy，some expectations must be dropped．These three particular（10）Dand unhealthy expectations are some of the main causes：
1．Expect too much（11）A．When others say，"Thank you，"or in any way to show their gratitude，be happy．It is a gift!
2．Expect others to make you happy．They simply cannot do that．Make yourself happy and
（12）Byour joy with others．
3．Expect no to be（13）B．At times，people will simply not come through for you in the way you need．（14）Athem and move on．
Get rid of these three unrealistic expectations and you can begin to expect more（15）Aright away!
Walking up to a department store's（1）Bcounter，an attractive young woman said，"I want to buy this material for a new dress．How much does it cost？"
"Only one（2）Aper yard，"replied the smirking （自鸣得意的） male clerk．
Not to be taken back by the funny words，the woman said，"That's fine!I'll take ten yards．"
With（3）C written all over his face，the clerk hurriedly（4）A out and wrapped the cloth，and then held it out teasingly，leaning forward to receive his"（5）B"．
The woman got the package quickly from the clerk and pointed to a little old（6）B standing beside her．"Grandpa will pay the bill instead of me，"she（7）A．
He was no doubt disappointed．But in the course of living，many people are（8）B when others do not（9）Atheir expectations．In order to be happy，some expectations must be dropped．These three particular（10）Dand unhealthy expectations are some of the main causes：
1．Expect too much（11）A．When others say，"Thank you，"or in any way to show their gratitude，be happy．It is a gift!
2．Expect others to make you happy．They simply cannot do that．Make yourself happy and
（12）Byour joy with others．
3．Expect no to be（13）B．At times，people will simply not come through for you in the way you need．（14）Athem and move on．
Get rid of these three unrealistic expectations and you can begin to expect more（15）Aright away!
| 1．A．computer | B．cloth | C．receptionist | D．clothes |
| 2．A．kiss | B．pay | C．dollar | D．yuan |
| 3．A．happiness | B．enjoyment | C．expectation | D．courage |
| 4．A．measured | B．carried | C．broke | D．burst |
| 5．A．budget | B．payment | C．reward | D．money |
| 6．A．guard | B．man | C．sculptor | D．scholar |
| 7．A．smiled | B．begged | C．waved | D．thought |
| 8．A．encouraged | B．disappointed | C．annoyed | D．surprised |
| 9．A．live up to | B．go against | C．go without | D．hope for |
| 10．A．reasonable | B．proper | C．unimportant | D．unrealistic |
| 11．A．profit | B．kiss | C．appreciation | D．disappointment |
| 12．A．spare | B．share | C．make | D．control |
| 13．A．put down | B．let down | C．taken down | D．thrown down |
| 14．A．Forgive | B．Punish | C．Blame | D．Praise |
| 15．A．happiness | B．encouragement | C．excitement | D．pride． |
15．Students in American schools learn from an early age to give presentations as part of their regular classroom activities．Children as young as five years old often give brief talks about（1）Athey bring in to school─called"show and tell，"this training is a（2）Dfor later public speaking．
Even so，many native English-speaking adults are（3）Cto speak or give presentations in front of a large group．
Speaking English in public meetings is（4）A for many students and employees．The best way to improve is to practice public speaking in a（5）Benvironment．Learners need to receive feedback about what they are doing well and about their（6）C．
Charles LeBeau is a public（7）B professor and consultant．He began his career in Japan in 1982．Currently，he teaches at two universities and at the Toshiba International Training Center．He has also written books on the subject．
English language（8）Daround the world use his book Speaking of Speech．
Speaking of Speech tells about a method of teaching public speaking for non-native speakers．Mr．LeBeau says a simple approach（9）CEnglish learners．
"The（10）Athat I've taken is to simplify and break it down．First if we look at presentation，what's going on，there are basically three messages that the presenter is giving the（11）D，all simultaneously．There's what I call the（12）B message．Physical message is basically body language．And then there's also the visual message．The visual message（s）are the slides that we now make and（13）Cthe audience．The（14）Bmessage is the story message，which is the content of our presentation．It also（15）Ahow we organize our ideas to present to the audience，"LeBeau said．
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Even so，many native English-speaking adults are（3）Cto speak or give presentations in front of a large group．
Speaking English in public meetings is（4）A for many students and employees．The best way to improve is to practice public speaking in a（5）Benvironment．Learners need to receive feedback about what they are doing well and about their（6）C．
Charles LeBeau is a public（7）B professor and consultant．He began his career in Japan in 1982．Currently，he teaches at two universities and at the Toshiba International Training Center．He has also written books on the subject．
English language（8）Daround the world use his book Speaking of Speech．
Speaking of Speech tells about a method of teaching public speaking for non-native speakers．Mr．LeBeau says a simple approach（9）CEnglish learners．
"The（10）Athat I've taken is to simplify and break it down．First if we look at presentation，what's going on，there are basically three messages that the presenter is giving the（11）D，all simultaneously．There's what I call the（12）B message．Physical message is basically body language．And then there's also the visual message．The visual message（s）are the slides that we now make and（13）Cthe audience．The（14）Bmessage is the story message，which is the content of our presentation．It also（15）Ahow we organize our ideas to present to the audience，"LeBeau said．
| 1．A．objects | B．homework | C．problems | D．happiness |
| 2．A．must | B．process | C．research | D．basis |
| 3．A．happy | B．satisfied | C．afraid | D．excited |
| 4．A．necessary | B．useless | C．available | D．unimportant |
| 5．A．nervous | B．friendly | C．embarrassed | D．competitive |
| 6．A．improvement | B．progress | C．mistakes | D．development |
| 7．A．listening | B．speaking | C．writing | D．reading |
| 8．A．teachers | B．professors | C．amateurs | D．learners |
| 9．A．affects | B．harms | C．helps | D．interests |
| 10．A．approach | B．story | C．problem | D．solution |
| 11．A．students | B．writers | C．readers | D．audience |
| 12．A．mental | B．physical | C．psychological | D．spiritual |
| 13．A．guide | B．persuade | C．show | D．tell |
| 14．A．first | B．third | C．second | D．fourth |
| 15．A．includes | B．excludes | C．connects | D．decides． |