14．Forcing children to learn will not improve their development or raise their chances of getting in——青夏教育精英家教网—

14．Forcing children to learn will not improve their development or raise their chances of  getting into elite schools，an educator at an international school has warned．
Hong Kong parents like to fill their children's schedules each day with extracurricular  lessons，such as piano，swimming and painting．Parents hope the additional skills will help  their children stand out in admissions interviews for the top schools．
"It's good to expose your child to possibilities，but it's not good to keep pushing them  to try things．"said Professor Deborah Eyre，education director of Nord Anglia Education，which opens an international school in Lam Tin．"You also want children to think，reflect and develop themselves as individuals．"
"We value what parents do．We know that they're trying to do the best for their child．But what's important is that children come to school loving learning and wanting to learn，"Eyre said．
It has been reported that some parents enroll their children in two kindergartens-an  English-language one in the morning and another one in Chinese in the afternoon．
"For children，it's important to have good education but'it's also important that they  have more informal learning which they do with their family，"Eyre said．"If you want your  child to have a good vocabulary，you can read and talk to your child．They will learn better  with you than they would in a kindergarten．"
Eyre，a former director of the UK government's academy for gifted youth，offered the  example of Scandinavian countries such as Norway，where children do not formally take part in reading or writing until the age of seven．Rather than negatively affecting their  development，it helped them get to know the world．
"Internationally，the educator's role is to introduce some formal learning but also to  value play and discovery with young children who are trying to understand the world around them．"she said．We need to help them to discover for themselves．

28．What does the word"elite"in Paragraph 1refer to？C
A．Primary．    B．High．    C．Top．    D．Average．
29．What can we know about Hong Kong parents？B
A．They usually adjust the subjects to their children's taste
B．They hope their children have more skills
C．They think it's no good pushing their children to try new things
D．They teach their children how to be independent
30．From Eyre's point of view，how can children have a good vocabulary？A
A．Being exposed to parents'reading and talking．
B．Talking with their peers．
C．Using more new words from an early age．
D．Learning carefully in the kindergarten．
31．What can we know in Norway？D
A．Children have no access to books before the age of seven．
B．The current educational approaches negatively affect children's growth．
C．Play is classified as formal learning．
D．Children are encouraged to understand the world．

13．Here is an astonishing and significant fact：Mental work alone can't make us tire．It  sounds absurd．But a few years ago，scientists tried to find out how long the human brain  could labor without reaching a stage of fatigue（疲劳）．To the amazement of these scientists，they discovered that blood passing through the brain，when it is active，shows no fatigue at all!If we took a drop of blood from a day laborer，we would find it full of fatigue toxins at and fatigue products．But if we took blood from the brain of an Albert Einstein，it would show no fatigue toxins at the end of the day．
So far as the brain is concerned，it can work as well and swiftly at the end of eight or  even twelve hours of effort as at the beginning．The brain is totally tireless．So what makes us tired？
Some scientists declare that most of our fatigue comes from our mental and emotional attitudes．One of England's most outstanding scientists，J．A．Hadfield，says，"The greater part of the fatigue from which we suffer is of mental origin．In fact，fatigue of purely physical origin is rare．"Dr．Brill，a famous American scientist，goes even further，He declares，"One hundred percent of the fatigue of sitting worker in good health is due to emotional problems．"
What kinds of emotions make sitting workers tired？Joy？Satisfaction？No!A feeling of being bored，anger，anxiety，tenseness，worry，a feeling of not being appreciated-those are the emotions that tire sitting workers．Hard work by itself seldom causes fatigue．We get tired because our emotions produce nervousness in the body．

24．What surprised the scientists a few years ago？C
A．Fatigue toxins could hardly be found in a laborer's blood．
B．Albert Einstein didn't feel worn after a day's work．
C．The brain could work for many hours without fatigue．
D．A mental worker's blood was filled with fatigue toxins．
25．According to the author，which of the following can make sitting workers tired？B
A．Challenging mental work
B．Unpleasant emotions
C．Endless tasks
D．Physical labor．
26．What's the author's attitude towards the scientists'idea？A
A．He agrees with them．    B．He doubts them．
C．He argues against them． D．He hesitates to accept them．
27．What do sitting workers need to do in order to stay energetic？B
A．Have some good food．    B．Enjoy their work．
C．Exercise regularly．     D．Discover fatigue toxins．

12．Ammie Reddick from East Kilbride，Lanarkshire，was only 18months old when she had the accident that had scarred（留下创伤） her for life．The curious child reached up to grab the wire of a hot kettle in the family kitchen and poured boiling water over her tiny infant frame．
Her mother Ruby turned round and，seeing Ammie horribly burnt，called an ambulance which rushed her daughter to a nearby hospital．Twenty percent of Ammie's body had been burned and all of her burns were third-degree．There，using tissue（组织） taken from unburned areas of Ammie's body，doctors performed complex skin transplants（移植） to close her wounds and control her injuries，an operation that took about six hours．Over the next 16years，Ammie underwent 12more operations to repair her body．
When she started school at Maxwelton Primary at age 4，other pupils made cruel comments or simply wouldn't play with her．"I was the only burned child in the street，the class and the school，"she recalled，"some children refused to become friends because of that．"
Today，aged 17，Ammie can only ever remember being a burned person with scars； pain is a permanent part of her body．She still has to have two further skin transplants．Yet she is a confident，outgoing teenager who offers inspiration and hope to other young burns victims．
She is a member of the Scottish Burned Children's Club，a charity set up last year．This month，Ammie will be joining the younger children at the Graffham Water Center in Cambridge shire for the charity's first summer camp．"I'll show them how to get rid of unkind stares from others．"she says．Ammie loves wearing fashionable sleeveless tops，and she plans to show the youngsters at the summer camp that they can too．"I do not go to great lengths to hide my burns scars，"she says，"I gave up wondering how other people would react years ago．"

21．What did other children do when Ammie first went to school？D
A．They were friendly to her．
B．They showed sympathy to her．
C．They were afraid of her．
D．They looked down upon her．
22．Ammie will teach the younger children at the Graffham Water Center toA．
A．face others'unkindness bravely
B．hide their scars by proper dressing
C．live a normal life
D．recover quickly
23．What can be the best title of the passage？D
A．A Seriously Burned Girl Survives
B．Ways to Get Rid of Unkind Stares
C．Permanent Scars and Pain for a Girl
D．A Seriously Burned Angel of Hope．

11．People with an impulsive personality refer to those who tend to do things without considering the possible dangers or problems first．According to a new study by researchers at the University of Georgia，such people may be more likely to have food addiction．The study found that people exhibiting impulsive behavior weren't necessarily overweight，but impulsiveness was related to a direct relationship with food，and therefore，less healthy weight．
Food addiction has been compared to addictive drug use．Studies have linked the dopamine （多巴胺） release that occurs after tasting delicious food to the dopamine release that happens when people consume other addictive substances．
Impulsive behavior involves several personality traits （特点）．Two of these traits，known as negative urgency and lack of perseverance，were particularly associated with food addiction and high BMI （身体质量指数） during the study．
Negative urgency is characterized by the tendency to behave impulsively when experiencing negative emotions．Some people might drink alcohol or take drugs．For others，it could mean eating to feel better．Lack of perseverance is when a person has a hard time finishing hard or boring tasks．People with a lack of perseverance might have difficulty attempting to change addictive eating behavior，which could also cause obesity．
"Impulsiveness might be one reason why some people eat in an addictive way despite motivation to lose weight，"said Dr．Ashley Gearhardt，a clinical psychologist．He was involved in developing the Yale Food Addiction Scale in aid of those people．"We are theorizing that if food addiction is really a thing，then our measure，the Yale Food Addiction Scale，should be related to helping control impulsive action，"said Gearhardt．
Clinical psychologist Dr．James MacKillop，whose lab was conducting the study，believes that therapies used to treat addictive drug behavior could help people who suffer from addictive eating habits．
"Most of the programs for weight loss at this point focus on the most obvious things，which are clearly diet and exercise，"MacKillop said．"It seems that managing strong desires to eat would naturally fit in with the skills a person would need to eat healthily．"

32．According to Paragraph 1，the result of food addiction isA．
A．less healthy weight
B．motivation to lose weight
C．negative emotions
D．taking alcohol or drugs
33．How does the author introduce the two personality traits in Paragraph 4？D
A．By making comparisons and conclusions．
B．By explaining causes and effects．
C．By presenting questions and answers．
D．By giving definitions and examples．
34．What can be inferred about the Yale Food Addiction Scale from the text？B
A．It has been successfully carried out among overweight people．
B．It might help some impulsive people with food addiction to lose weight．
C．It will prove whether food addiction is a problem to impulsive people．
D．It is theoretically a proper treatment for addictive food and drug behavior．
35．Which of the following can be the best title for the text？C
A．Dopamine release caused by food addiction
B．Food addiction compared to drug use
C．Impulsive personality linked to food addition
D．Food addiction contributing to obesity．

10．It is well-known that the Internet will let people have ________ to huge amounts of information from their own homes．（　　）

9．There is some unwelcome news for students preparing for exams and officers putting in long hours-----you don't need the break as much as you may think that makes you feel less tired．
Scientists have long assumed that willpower （意志力） is a limited resource，which is why you feel the need to have a rest，have a snack and come back to a task when you're feeling better．They argued that the only way to restore willpower was by rest，food or entertainment．
But psychologists have challenged this theory，saying weak willpower is all in your head．They found that people's beliefs in willpower determine how long and how well they'll be able to work on a tough mental exercise．"If you think of willpower as something that's limited，you're more likely to be tired when you perform a difficult task，"said Prof．Veronika Job．"'But if you think of willpower as something that is not easily used up，you can go on and on．"
The researchers designed four experiments to test students'beliefs in willpower．After a tiring task，those，who believed or were led to believe that willpower is a limited resource，performed worse on standard concentration tests than those who thought of willpower as something they had more control over．They also found that leading up to final exam week，students who believed the limited resource theory ate junk food 24percent more often than those who believed they had more control in resisting temptation （诱惑）．
Mr．Job said．"The theory that willpower is a limited resource is interesting，but it has had unintended consequences．Students who may already have trouble studying are being told that their power of concentration is limited，and they need to take frequent breaks．But a belief in willpower as a non-limited resource makes people stronger in their ability to work through challenges．'"
The findings could help people who are battling temptation．Willpower isn't driven by a biologically based process as much as we used to think．The belief in it is what influences your behavior．

32．The theory that willpower is limited supports thatC．
A．people must eat snacks when they feel tired
B．there's no way to strengthen people's willpower
C．people do need a break to restore their willpower
D．weak willpower doesn't affect people's life much
33．What have the scientists long believed regarding willpower？C
A．It is in the charge of people．
B．There is no way to restore willpower．
C．It is a limited resource．
D．It doesn't easily run out．
34．Which of the following best helps the students to prepare better for their exams？D
A．Push themselves even if they want to take a break．
B．Don't eat fast food while studying．
C．Stay in a comfortable and quiet place．
D．Remind themselves willpower is not limited．
35．What does the passage want to tell us？B
A．How to build strong willpower B．A new theory about willpower
C．The great influence of willpower D．Willpower doesn't last long．

8．Spring is coming and it is time for those about to graduate to look for jobs．Competition is tough，so job seekers must carefully consider their personal choices．Whatever we are wearing，our family and friends may accept us，but the workplace may not．
A high school newspaper editor said it is unfair for companies to discourage visible tattoos （纹身），nose rings，or certain dress styles．It is true you can't judge a book by its cover，yet people do"cover"themselves in order to convey （传递）certain messages．What we wear，including tattoos and nose rings，is an expression of who we are．Just as people convey messages about themselves with their appearances，so do companies．Dress standards exist in the business world for a number of reasons，but the main concern is often about what customers accept．
Others may say how to dress is a matter of personal freedom，but for businesses it is more about whether to make or lose money．Most employers do care about the personal appearances of their employees （雇员），because those people represent the companies to their customers．
As a hiring manager I am paid to choose the people who would make the best impression on our customers．There are plenty of well-qualified candidates，so it is not wrong to reject someone who might disappoint my customers．Even though I am open-minded，I can't expect all our customers are．
There is nobody to blame but yourself if your set of choices does not match that of your preferred employer．No company should have to change to satisfy a candidate simply because he or she is unwilling to respect its standards，as long as its standards are legal．

25．Which of the following is the newspaper editor's opinion according to Paragraph 2？C
A．People's appearances carry messages about themselves．
B．Customers'choices influence dress standards in companies．
C．Candidates with tattoos or nose rings should be fairly treated．
D．Strange dress styles should not be encouraged in the workplace．
26．What can be inferred from the text？A
A．What to wear is not a matter of personal choice for companies．
B．Hiring managers make the best impression on their candidates．
C．Candidates must wear what companies prefer for an interview．
D．Companies sometimes have to change to respect their candidates．
27．Which of the following would be the best title for the text？C
A．Hiring Managers Matter     B．Personal Choices Matter
C．Appearances Matter          D．Employees Matter
28．The author's attitude towards strange dress styles in the workplace may best be described asD．
A．enthusiastic        B．positive       C．sympathetic          D．negative．

7．At the beginning of the World Series of 1947，I experienced a completely new emotion，when the National Anthem was played．This time，I thought，it is being played for me，as much as for anyone else．This is organized major league baseball，and I am standing here with all the others； and everything that takes place includes me．
About a year later，I went to Atlanta，Georgia，to play in an exhibition game．On the field，for the first time in Atlanta，there were Negroes and whites．Other Negroes besides me．And I thought：What I have always believed has come to be．
And what is it that I have always believed？First，those imperfections are human．But that wherever human beings were given room to breathe and time to think，those imperfections would disappear，no matter how slowly．I do not believe that we have found or even approached perfection．That is not necessarily in the scheme of human events．Handicaps，stumbling blocks，prejudices-all of these are imperfect．Yet，they have to be dealt with because they are in the scheme of human events．
Whatever obstacles I found made me fight all the harder．But it would have been impossible for me to fight at all，except that I was sustained by the personal and deep-rooted belief that my fight had a chance．It had a chance because it took place in a free society．Not once was I forced to face and fight an immovable object．Not once was the situation so cast-iron rigid that I had no chance at all．Free minds and human hearts were at work all around me； and so there was the probability of improvement．I look at my children now，and know that I must still prepare them to meet obstacles and prejudices．
But I can tell them，too，that they will never face some of these prejudices because other people have gone before them．And to myself I can say that，because progress is unalterable，many of today's dogmas （教条）will have vanished by the time they grow into adults．I can say to my children：There is a chance for you．No guarantee，but a chance．And this chance has come to be，because there is nothing static with free people．There is no Middle Ages logic so strong that it can stop the human tide from flowing forward．I do not believe that every person，in every walk of life，can succeed in spite of any handicap．That would be perfection．But I do believe-and with every fiber in me-that what I was able to attain came to be because we put behind us （no matter how slowly） the dogmas of the past：to discover the truth of today； and perhaps find the greatness of tomorrow．
I believe in the human race．I believe in the warm heart．I believe in man's honesty．I believe in the goodness of a free society．And I believe that the society can remain good only as long as we are willing to fight for it-and to fight against whatever imperfections may exist．My fight was against the barriers that kept Negroes out of baseball．This was the area where I found imperfection，and where I was best able to fight．And I fought because I knew it was not doomed to be a losing fight．It couldn't be a losing fight-not when it took place in a free society．And in the largest sense，I believe that what I did was done for me-that it was my faith in God that sustained me in my fight．And that what was done for me must and will be done for others．

66．Why did the author say he had experienced a completely new emotion？C
A．Because he won game．
B．Because he was an American．
C．Because he could compete in the game and won the game．
D．Because the National Game was played for him．
67．From the passage，we know that the author isD．
A．an African．         B．a Chinese
C．a white man          D．a black man
68．The author firmly believed thatC．
A．humans are imperfect if they all unite together to overcome the difficulties．
B．humans needn't approach perfect even if they can．
C．humans should face the obstacles and fight for it bravely．
D．humans are becoming kind and honest if they have freedom．
69．We can infer from the passage thatC．
A．the fight between Negroes and Whites never ends
B．the civil war broke out because the Negroes fought for their freedom
C．In the past Negroes were kept out of baseball．
D．the fight ended up with a game．
70．The best title of this passage may beD．
A．Nothing matters except fighting
B．Success lies in hard work
C．Freedom is everything
D．Free Minds and Hearts make a difference．

6．Antarctica's Lake Vostok has long been a mystery to scientists．Sealed（密封） off from the outside world for millions of years，Vostok is buried beneath 13 000feet of ice．The huge underground lake is the size of Lake Ontario and is located in one of Antarctica's coldest regions．Scientists want to know：What lives below the ice？
They might find out soon．After more than 10years，a team of Russian scientists have finally been able to drill through the ice into Vostok's ancient waters．Vostok lies below one of the coldest zones on Earth，and the ice here is denser than ice elsewhere on the planet．Drilling can take place each year only during Antarctica's warmest weather．This is when the ice is easier to drill，and the temperatures are not as severe for scientists living in the Vostok Research Station，which is above the lake．Numerous past attempts to reach the lake，including one last year，failed because the scientists did not finish drilling before the weather became too cold．
Scientists estimate that Vostok has been closed off from the outside world for approximately 30million years．Signs of tiny organisms called microbes （微生物）were discovered years ago in the ice above the lake．Some researchers think similar lifeforms could be thriving （兴盛的，繁荣的） below the ice shielding （防护，保护）Vostok's waters．
Ancient forms of life that could remain in these waters might reveal new information about how organisms can survive in extreme environments，and about how life used to exist on Earth millions of years ago．"For me，the discovery of this lake is comparable with the first flight into space，"says expedition director Valery Lukin．"By technological complexity，by importance，by uniqueness．"
More than 350underground lakes are frozen below Antarctica，and Lake Vostok is one of the largest．Teams of scientists are now planning to drill into similar lakes throughout Antarctica．In December（summertime in the Southern Hemisphere），an American team will be tunneling into Lake Whillans near the South Pole，and a British team will attempt to reach Lake Ellsworth in West Antarctica．

66．Russian scientists drilled through the ice into Lake VostokB．
A．to fetch some ancient water
B．to find some ancient forms of life
C．to explore natural resources
D．to measure the thickness of ice
67．It can be inferred that the task of Russian scientists drillingA．
A．was not easy
B．was a piece of cake
C．was done all through the year
D．never achieved success
68．Based on their findings what are researchers expected to do？D
A．To know the geographical features of Antarctica．
B．To solve mysteries of the ice at the South Pole．
C．To analyze the evolution history of the earth．
D．To open Antarctica's 30millionyearold secrets．
69．Research on Antarctica underground lakes like these can be consideredC．
A．the path of guiding human development
B．the result of human struggle for existence
C．a new frontier for scientists
D．a great victory against nature
70．Which of the following statements is NOT true？D
A．The floor of Antarctica is almost as irregular as the exposed land areas．
B．British and US teams are targeting Lakes Ellsworth and Whillans respectively．
C．The attempt to drill might fail during the Antarctic winter．
D．What was in the waters of Antarctica lakes has been revealed．

5．They say a cat has nine lives，and I think that possible since I am now living my third life and I'm not even a cat．My father died when I was 15，and we had a hard struggle to make a living．And my mother，who was seriously ill in her last years，died while still in her 60s．My sister married soon after，and I_followed_her_example_within_the_year．
This was when I began to enjoy my first life．I was very happy，in excellent health．I had a good job in San Jose and a beautiful home up the peninsula（半岛） in San Carlos．Life was a pleasant dream．Then the dream ended．I became afflicted（使苦恼） with a slowly progressive disease of the motor nerves，affecting first my right arm and leg，and then my other side．Thus began my second life…In spite of my disease I still drove to and from work each day，with the aid of special equipment installed in my car．And I managed to keep my health and optimism，to a degree，because of 14steps．Crazy？Not at all．Our home was an affair with 14steps leading up from the garage to the kitchen door．Those steps were a standard measure of life．They were my yardstick，my challenge to continue living．I felt that if the day arrived when I was unable to lift one foot up one step and then drag the other painfully after it-repeating the process 14times，I would be through-I could then admit defeat and lie down and die．
Then on a dark night in August，1971，I began my third life．It was raining when I started home that night；strong winds and slashing rain beat down on the car as I drove slowly down one of the less traveled roads．Suddenly the steering wheel jerked（猝然一动）．In the same instant I heard the bang of a blowout．It was impossible for me to change that tire!Utterly impossible!
I started the engine and thumped slowly along until I came to the dirt road，where I turned in and where I found lighted windows welcomed me to a house and pulled into the driveway and honked the horn．
The door opened and a little girl stood there．When she knew what happened to me，she went into the house and a moment later came out，followed by a man who called a cheerful greeting．I sat there comfortable and dry，and felt a bit sorry for the man and the little girl working so hard in the storm．
About an hour later，the man's voice was heard，"This is a bad night for car trouble，but you're all set now．"Thanks．"I said，"How much do I owe you？"He shook his head，"Nothing．Cynthia told me you were a cripple．Glad to be of help．I know you'd do the same for me．There's no charge，friend．"I held out a fivedollar bill，"No!I like to pay my way．"He made no effort to take it and the little girl stepped closer to the window and said quietly，"Grandpa can't see it．"

59．"A cat has nine lives"here meansC．
A．a cat can live nine times longer than any other animal
B．a cat can die ninth
C．a lucky man can not die easily
D．the writer will live nine times
60．What do you think of the man who helped change the tire？B
A．Old，warmhearted but pitiable．
B．Blind，but warmhearted and happy．
C．A blind old man that has nothing to do every day．
D．A poor old man that is always ready to help others．
61．How do you understand the underlined sentence"I followed her example within the year"？C
A．He listened to his sister carefully．
B．Mother told him that he must get the agreement from his sister for whatever he would do．
C．His sister got married．He，too．
D．His sister was a great woman．He must learn from her．

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