题目内容
11.People with an impulsive personality refer to those who tend to do things without considering the possible dangers or problems first.According to a new study by researchers at the University of Georgia,such people may be more likely to have food addiction.The study found that people exhibiting impulsive behavior weren't necessarily overweight,but impulsiveness was related to a direct relationship with food,and therefore,less healthy weight.Food addiction has been compared to addictive drug use.Studies have linked the dopamine (多巴胺) release that occurs after tasting delicious food to the dopamine release that happens when people consume other addictive substances.
Impulsive behavior involves several personality traits (特点).Two of these traits,known as negative urgency and lack of perseverance,were particularly associated with food addiction and high BMI (身体质量指数) during the study.
Negative urgency is characterized by the tendency to behave impulsively when experiencing negative emotions.Some people might drink alcohol or take drugs.For others,it could mean eating to feel better.Lack of perseverance is when a person has a hard time finishing hard or boring tasks.People with a lack of perseverance might have difficulty attempting to change addictive eating behavior,which could also cause obesity.
"Impulsiveness might be one reason why some people eat in an addictive way despite motivation to lose weight,"said Dr.Ashley Gearhardt,a clinical psychologist.He was involved in developing the Yale Food Addiction Scale in aid of those people."We are theorizing that if food addiction is really a thing,then our measure,the Yale Food Addiction Scale,should be related to helping control impulsive action,"said Gearhardt.
Clinical psychologist Dr.James MacKillop,whose lab was conducting the study,believes that therapies used to treat addictive drug behavior could help people who suffer from addictive eating habits.
"Most of the programs for weight loss at this point focus on the most obvious things,which are clearly diet and exercise,"MacKillop said."It seems that managing strong desires to eat would naturally fit in with the skills a person would need to eat healthily."
32.According to Paragraph 1,the result of food addiction isA.
A.less healthy weight
B.motivation to lose weight
C.negative emotions
D.taking alcohol or drugs
33.How does the author introduce the two personality traits in Paragraph 4?D
A.By making comparisons and conclusions.
B.By explaining causes and effects.
C.By presenting questions and answers.
D.By giving definitions and examples.
34.What can be inferred about the Yale Food Addiction Scale from the text?B
A.It has been successfully carried out among overweight people.
B.It might help some impulsive people with food addiction to lose weight.
C.It will prove whether food addiction is a problem to impulsive people.
D.It is theoretically a proper treatment for addictive food and drug behavior.
35.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?C
A.Dopamine release caused by food addiction
B.Food addiction compared to drug use
C.Impulsive personality linked to food addition
D.Food addiction contributing to obesity.
分析 本文属于科普说明文,一项新的研究显示性格冲动的人很可能会有食物成瘾的行为,同时在文章中作者还介绍了人们对于这两者之间联系的研究.
解答 32-35 ADBC
32.答案A.推理判断题.根据第一段最后一句The study found that people exhibiting impulsive behavior weren't necessarily overweight,but impulsiveness was related to a direct relationship with food,andtherefore,less healthy weight.可知,研究说明冲动的人不一定就会超重,但是冲动和食物是有关系的,所谓有关系,是指与不健康的体重问题有关.故A正确.
33.答案D.推理判断题.根据第四段第一句Negative urgency is characterized by the tendency to behave impulsively when experiencing negative emotions.和第四段第三句Lack of perseverance is when a person has ahard time finishing hard or boring tasks.可知,这两句是Negative urgency 和Lack of perseverance两个概念的定义.同时本段2、3句Some people might drink alcohol or take drugs.For others,it could mean eating to feel better和最后一句People with a lack of perseverance might have difficulty attempting to change addictive eating behavior,which could also cause obesity给出的是这两个概念的例子.所以作者是通过定义和举例来介绍这两个定义的.故D正确.
34.答案B.推理判断题.根据第五段最后一句"We are theorizing that if food addiction is really a thing,then our measure,the Yale Food Addiction Scale,should be related to helping control impulsive action,"said Gearhardt.和第六段第一句Clinical psychologist Dr.James MacKillop,whose lab was conducting the study,believes that therapies used to treat addictive drug behavior could help people whosuffer from addictive eating habits可知,耶鲁大学的这个研究可以帮助控制冲动的行为,并帮助那些因为冲动而有不好的饮食习惯的人.故B项说法正确.
35.答案C.主旨大意题.本题属于主旨大意题中的标题概括题,根据第一段第二句According to a new study by researchers at the University of Georgia,such people may be more likely to have food addiction一项新的研究显示性格冲动的人很可能会有食物成瘾的行为.在后几段中介绍了人们对于这两者之间联系的研究.所以C项"Impulsive personality linked to food addition"与文章主题一致.
点评 科教类阅读文应对策略:
1、要想做好科普英语阅读理解题,同学们就要注意平时多读科普知识类文章,学习科普知识,积累常见的科普词汇,从根本上提高科普英语的阅读能力.
2、要熟悉科普类文章的结构特点.科普类文章一般由标题(Head line),导语(Introduction),背景(Back ground),主体(Main body)和结尾(End)五部分构成.标题是文章中心思想高度而又精辟的概括,但根据历年的高考情况来看,这类阅读理解材料一般不给标题,而要同学们选择标题.导语一般位于整篇文章的首段.背景交待一个事实的起因.主体则对导语概括的事实进行详细叙述,这一部分命题往往最多,因此,阅读时,同学们要把这部分作为重点.结尾往往也是中心思想的概括,并与导语相呼应,命题者常在此要设计一道推理判断题.
3、在进行推理判断时,同学们一定要以阅读材料所提供的科学事实为依据,同时所得出的结论还应符合基本的科普常识.
A. | explicit | B. | diverse | C. | elegant | D. | relevant |