9．Americans use many expressions with the word dog ．People in the US love their dogs and treat them ——青夏教育精英家教网—

9．Americans use many expressions with the word"dog"．People in the US love their dogs and treat them well．They take their dogs for walks，let them play outside and give them good food and medical care．However，dogs without owners lead a different kind of life．The expression"to lead a dog's life"describes a person who has an unhappy life．
Some people say we live in a dog-eat-dog world．That means many people are competing for the same thing，like good jobs．They say that to be successful，they have to work like a dog．This means they have to work very hard．Such hardwork can make people dog-tired．And，the situation would be even worse if they became sick as a dog．
Some people say，"Every dog has its day．"This means that every person enjoys a successful period during his or her life．To be successful，people often have to learn new skills．Yet，some people say that you can never teach an old dog new tricks．They believe that old people don't like to learn new things and will not change the way they do things．
Some other people are compared to dogs in bad ways．People who are unkind or uncaring can be described as meaner than a junkyard dog．Junkyard dogs live in places where people throw away things they don't want．But mean dogs are often used to guard the property，for they bark at or attack people who try to enter the property．However，sometimes a person who appears to be mean and threatening is really not so bad．We say his bark is worse than his bite．
Dog expressions are also used to describe the weather．The dog days of summer are the hottest days of the year．A rainstorm may cool the weather but we don't want it to rain too hard．We don't want it to rain cats and dogs．
64．A person who lives an unhappy life can be described as"C"．
A．becoming sick as a dog             B．living in a dog-eat-dog world
C．leading a dog's life               D．working like a dog
65．The underlined word"mean"in Paragraph 4 most probably meansB
A．selfish           B．violent       C．wild           D．poor
66．What can we learn from the text？
A．Everyone can be successful if he learns from the old．C
B．It might be difficult for the young to learn new skills．
C．Fierce persons aren't so awful as they appear sometimes．
D．Junkyard dogs are careful in money arrangement．
67．To support his idea，the author develops the text mainly byD．
A．listing reasons                      B．using idioms
C．making comparisons                   D．giving examples．

8．Just like children，baby animals spend countless hours at play．After studying animal play for many years，scientists recognize that young animal play is practice for adult behavior．Today this play is roughly divided into the following groups．
Locomotor play refers to the movements animals carry out in their play．Running，leaping，turning，and kicking are some of the most common examples of locomotor play．An adult deer may  run，leap，and twist（曲折前进） to escape its attackers．Play movements like these surely make  young animals nimble．Someday these skills might help save their lives．
Moving forward slowly，attacking suddenly．and biting are examples of predatory play that help  young predators（食肉动物） prepare for a life of running after and taking hold of other animals．Wild cats，wolves，and bears are predators．It is very common to see these young animals play this  kind of games which sharpen their skills and teach them about their strengths and limitations．
For children，playing with toys is both fun and educational．It helps improve their hand and  eye movements as well as develop hand skills to accomplish tasks．It is the same with animals．Young chimpanzees improve their hand skills while playing with sticks．Birds also play with things  in ways that teach．Swallows drop and recover feathers in mid air．Diving suddenly to catch the  feathers is good practice for catching flying insects．
Social play helps animals learn how to behave when they run into other animals．And it teaches  animals about communication．An animal gives signals to let another animal know it wants to play．Many animals give signals by showing a"play face"．In some ways this face is like a human smile； the animal holds its mouth in a relaxed and open manner．During play-fights，some animals may step backwards to signal that they are playing and not acting seriously．
Until now，scientists have understood playful acts help prepare animals for their serious adult situations．But the numbers of playful species and examples of animal play are vast．The purpose of animal play may have meanings scientists have not discovered yet．

31．The main purpose of the text is toD．
A．ask us to take good care of wild animals
B．encourage us to learn more about animals
C．entertain us with interesting animal stories
D．show us something about animal behavior
32．The underlined word"nimble"in Paragraph 2can best be replaced byB．
A．cruel
B．swift
C．curious
D．strong
33．Which of the following belongs to predatory play？C
A．A deer runs，leaps，and turns．
B．A chimpanzee plays'with a stick．
C．A lion moves slowly and makes an attack suddenly．
D．A dog holds its mouth in a relaxed and open manner．
34．Based on Paragraph 5，a"play face"isA．
A．a type of sign al between animals
B．a name for a kind of animal play
C．an activity that involves adult animals
D  an action that is taught to another animal
35．Which of the following shows the structure of the text？B

7．Woo!Daddy and Mummy，Listen!Many of us are using Twitter and Facebook to thumb rides，and not just to school．It's awkward to be refused when you call a friend and ask for a ride．But with Twitter，you just look for other people heading the same way．
It may sound surprising and risky--so many teens stay within their own social circles to find rides，and don't branch out beyond friends when asking on Twitter just like me，but to some young people，especially those taking longer trips，stranger danger is less of a concern．
"I think the digital connection of young people is really key，because younger generations grew up sharing things on line，sharing files，photos，music，etc，so they've been very used to sharing，"said Juliet Schor，a sociology professor at Boston College．
The sharing economy got big during the economic depression，allowing people to access more goods，services using technology and even to share costs．And that technology，for me，is what the car was for my mom，a gateway to more freedom，like what my friend Earl says，"The symbol of freedom isn't the car any more because there's technology out there connecting you to a car．"
According to the researchers at the University of Michigan，30years ago，eight in ten American 18-year-olds had a driver's license compared to six in ten today．So it's not that surprising that on my 16th birthday I wasn't rushing to get a license but an iPhone．
"Driving，for young people，does mean they have to disconnect from their technology，and that's a negative．So if they could sit in the passage side and still be connected，that's going to be a plus．"Schor continued．．
To me，another plus is that ridesharing represents something，something much bigger than trying to save money．I see it as evidence that people still depend on each other．My generation shares their cars and apartments the way neighbors used to share cups of sugar．For the system to work，some of us still need our own cars．But until I get my own version of the silver Super Beetle，you can find me on Twitter．

32．The American teens like the author，prefer to possess an iPhone as a birthday gift becauseB．
A．it is most fashionable and cool         B．they are fond of being connected
C．they are bored with driving cars         D．it is much cheaper than a car
33．We can learn from the text thatD．
A．Twitter is a website for teens to make friends and achieve goals
B．driving cars for teens means a plus and connecting with technology
C．having a car and cost-sharing symbolize more freedom for the author's mother
D．ridesharing can be seen as a sign that people still count on each other
34．Professor Juliet would agree thatA．
A．being connected via technology comes first for young people
B．young people will sit waiting to be contacted by reading a passage
C．sharing economy is bound to be responsible for the depression
D．young people tend to share a car with strangers by means of Twitter
35．The best title for the passage is probablyD．
A．Twitter，an Awesome Website           B．Cars or iPhone．
C．Cool Teens on the Go                 D．Teens Use Twitter to Thumb Rides．

6．For thousands of years，the most important two buildings in any British village have been the church and the pub．Traditionally，the church and the pub are at the heart of any village or town，where the people gather together to socialize and exchange news．
As a result，British pubs are often old and well preserved．Many of them have become historic sites．The most famous example is the pub in the city of Nottingham called"The Old Trip to Jerusalem"，which dates back to the year 1189AD and is probably the oldest pub in England．
However，British pubs are not just for kings and queens； they welcome people from all classes and parts of society．On a cold night，the pub's landlord or landlady can always find a warm place for you by the fire．There is always honest and hearty food and plenty of drink available at an affordable price．
That's how things used to be．Things are beginning to change．It is said that the credit crunch（信贷紧缩） is causing 39British pubs a week to go out of business．People do not have enough spare money to spend on beer．Recently，the UK government banned smoking in all pubs，and that may also have affected the number of customers going to pubs．
This decline is happening despite the fact that in 2005the UK government started to allow pubs to stay open after 1l pm．Previously，with 1l pm as closing time，customers would have to drink quite quickly，meaning they sometimes got more drunk than they would if allowed to drink slowly．The British habit of drinking a lot very quickly is known as"binge drinking"，and it causes long-term health problems for people and problems with violent crime for communities．
In order to save their businesses，pubs are trying to change with the market．British pubs now offer something for everyone．A lot of pubs used to be"Working Men's Clubs"，meaning that women could not usually enter．Today，however，women can freely enter 99% of pubs without experiencing any problems．Perhaps things are changing for the better after all．

63．The passage mainly tells us something aboutD．
A．the importance of British pubs B．the decline of British pubs
C．the long history of British pubs D．the past and present of British pubs
64．Which may not be the cause of the decline of British pubs？A
A．The present closing time．
B．The ban of smoking．
C．The lack of enough spare money．
D．The credit crunch．
65．We can infer from the passage thatD．
A．binge drinking means drinking less beer
B．closing the pubs early will reduce social problems
C．British people used to like drinking slowly
D．British government aims to discourage people from binge drinking
66．We can see from the last paragraph that the authorA．
A．holds an optimistic attitude towards the British pubs
B．thinks that British pubs should offer everything you need
C．thinks that women in the pubs will cause less social problems
D．is against the admission of too many women to the pubs．

5．More than 10，000people were made homeless in Ternang when the Sungai Mas overflowed its banks yesterday after six days of continuous heavy rain．
The wooden bridge across the river has been washed away．The town is cut off by flood waters．At the fifth mile，Jalan Tengkn，the water is two meters deep．It is closed to all traffic．Flooding first happened at mid-afternoon yesterday along the river banks．People trying to get to higher ground were just in time to escape the destroying of the flood．Most of the flood victims （受害者） had to leave all their things behind．
The National Flood Relief （救济） Center was reported to give its help and by early evening the whole town was moved out，helped by the army，police，Red Cross Society and volunteers （志愿者）．
The flood victims are now housed in different simple relief centers in the nearby town of Ternang．"Everything possible is being done to help the unlucky people，"a government spokesman said，"In fact，money，food and clothing have begun to come in from public organizations and helpful people．A Disaster Relief Fund （救灾基金会） will be started as soon as possible．"
According to the latest reports it is still raining heavily at Ternang．The whole town is expected to be wholly covered by the water．So far no deaths have been reported．

67．This passage is probably taken fromB．
A．a storybook B．a newspaper C．a magazine D．a textbook
68．It seems that the flood happened just becauseC．
A．the banks were too low
B．the river was too narrow
C．they had had wet days for some time
D．the wooden bridge across the river was broken
69．From the passage we know thatD．
A．though the town was flooded，you could still go there by bus
B．the flood hasn't brought a large loss to the town as nobody died in the flood
C．as soon as the water flowed over the banks，people began to go to higher lands
D．the government and the whole society are taking great care of the flood victims
70．What is the best title for this passage？A
A．A Big Flood
B．Ternang Is in Danger
C．Over 10，000People Are Homeless
D．Great Help Is Needed．

4．If you thought it was cold where you are at the moment，then a visit to the Russian  village of Oymyakon might just change your mind．
    With the average temperature for January standing at-50C，it is no wonder the  village is the coldest inhabited settlement in the world．Known as the'Pole of Cold'，the coldest temperature recorded in Oymyakon was-71.2C，which is the lowest  recorded temperature for any inhabited location on earth．
    Ironically，Oymyakon actually means'non-freezing water  due to a nearby hot  spring．Most homes-in Oymyakon still burn coal and wood for heat and enjoy few  modern conveniences．
    Nothing grows there so people eat reindeer （驯鹿） meat and horse meat．A single shop provides the town's bare necessities and the locals work as reindeer-breeders，
hunters and ice-fisherman．
    The village is located around 750metres above sea level and the length of a day  varies from 3hours in December t0 21hours in the summer．And despite its terrible  winters，in June，July and August temperatures over 30c are not uncommon．
    There are few modern conveniences in the village-with many buildings still   having outdoor toilets and most people still burn coal and wood for heat．When coal  deliveries are irregular，the power station starts burning wood．If the power ceases，the town shuts down in about five hours，and the pipes freeze and crack．
    Daily problems that come with living in Oymyakon include pen ink freezing，glasses freezing to people's faces and batteries losing power．Locals are said to leave  their cars running all day for fear of not being able to restart them．
    Even if there was coverage for mobile phone reception，the phones themselves  would not work in such cold conditions．
    Another problem caused by the frozen temperatures is burying dead bodies，which  can take anything up to three days．

64．According to the text，OymyakonC．
A．is the coldest location on the earth
B．has got frozen water all over the year
C．gets its name because of a nearby hot spring
D．can enjoy quite a few modern conveniences
65．Mobile phones would not work in Oymyakon becauseB．
A．the batteries are of poor quality
B．the extreme coldness makes them lose power
C．there was no coverage for phone reception
D．the phone reception is too far away to receive the signals
66．We can learn from the text thatA．
A．daily problems usually accompany the locals
B．the town often stops working because of no coal delivery
C．locals only live on reindeer meat and horse meat
D．locals have no awareness of saving their resources．

3．When we can see well，we do not think about our eyes often．It is only when we can not see perfectly that we come to see how important our eyes are．
People who are nearsighted can only see things that are very close to their eyes．Many people who do a lot of close work，such as writing and reading，become nearsighted．Then they have to wear glasses in order to see distant things clearly．
People who are farsighted face just the opposite problem．They can see things that are far away，but they have difficulty reading a book unless they hold it at arm's length．If they want to do much reading，they must get glasses too．
Other people do not see clearly because their eyes are not exactly the right shape．This，too，can be corrected by glasses．Some people's eyes become cloudy because of cataracts．Long ago these people often became blind．Now，however，it is possible to operate on the cataracts （白内障） and remove them．
When night falls，colors become fainter to the eyes and finally disappear．After your eyes have grown used to the dark，you can see better if you use the side of your eyes rather than the centers．Sometimes，after dark，you see a small thing to one side of you，which seems to disappear if you turn your head in its direction．This is because when you turn your head，you are looking at the thing too directly．Men on guard duty sometimes think they see something moving to one side of them．When they turn to look straight at it，they can not see it any more，and they believe they were mistaken．However，this mistake happens because the center of the eye，which is very sensitive in daylight，is not as sensitive as the sides of the eye after dark．

52．We don't know that our eyes are of great importance untilB．
A．we think about our eyes
B．we cannot see clearly
C．we wear glasses
D．we have to do much reading
53．According to the passage，who is more likely to be nearsighted？A
A．A typist． B．A sailor． C．A tourist． D．A driver．
54．People who are farsightedB．
A．cannot do a lot of close work without glasses
B．have the same problem as the nearsighted people
C．can only see things that are very close to their eyes
D．have difficulty reading if they hold it at arm's length
55．To see a small thing at night，it is better to lookD．
A．with wide open eyes B．with half shut or narrowed eyes
C．straight at it D．in a slightly different direction．

2．It is quite reasonable to blame traffic jams，the cost of gas and the great speed of modern life，but manners on the road are becoming horrible．Everybody knows that the nicest men would become fierce tigers behind the wheel．It is all right to have a tiger in a cage，but to have one in the driver's seat is another matter．
Road politeness is not only good manners，but also good sense．It takes the most cool-headed drivers great patience to give up the desire to beat back when forced to face rude driving．On the other hand，a little politeness goes a long way towards reducing the possibility of quarrelling．A friendly nod or a wave of thanks in answer to an act of politeness helps to create an atmosphere of good will and becomes so necessary in modern traffic conditions．But such behaviors of politeness are by no means enough．Many drivers nowadays don't even seem able to recognize politeness when they see it．
However，misplaced politeness can also be dangerous．A typical example is the driver who waves a child crossing the street at a wrong place into the path of oncoming cars that may be not able to stop in time．The same goes for encouraging old ladies to cross the road wherever and whenever they want to．
An experienced driver，whose manners are perfect，told me it would help if drivers learnt to correctly join in traffic stream without causing total blockages （阻塞） that give rise to unpleasant feelings．
Unfortunately，modern drivers can't even learn to drive．Years ago，experts warned us that the fast increase of the car ownership would demand more give-and-take from all road users．It is high time for all of us to take this message to heart．

48．Troubles on the road are often caused byD．
A．the bad road conditions
B．the speed of modern life
C．the large number of cars
D．the behaviors of the drivers
49．What can we learn from the third paragraph？C
A．strict traffic rules are badly needed．
B．Road politeness helps reduce quarrelling．
C．Drivers should show road politeness properly．
D．Drivers should encourage old ladies to cross the road．
50．The underlined word"give-and-take"in the last paragraph meansB．
A．politeness and impoliteness   B．respecting for each other
C．good manners and bad manners D．quarrelling with each other
51．What does the passage mainly talk about？D
A．Traffic jams．   B．Modern drivers．
C．Good manners．   D．Road politeness．

1．Best Inventions of the Ancient Chinese
Paper currency was first used by the Chinese，and is now used widely in most countries．The earliest record of this invention was in the Song Dynasty （in the 10th century）．
Row crops began to be planted in rows around the sixth century BC，which allows them to grow faster and larger．In addition，the wind hits the straight rows and blows gently across them．
Deep drilling（钻井）for gas：A technique developed in about 1040is still used today，known as"deep drilling"for gas．This technique has given many Americans jobs in the past，and is responsible for a considerable amount of America's income．
Fireworks were invented by the Chinese as entertainment，but were later used to scare off enemies in wars．Today，we use fireworks to celebrate holidays．It is great that this third century BC technique is still practiced and enjoyed today．
Gunpowder wasn't designed first for war use．The date of gun-powder's invention is unknown，but it is said that it was invented around the same time as fireworks．
Parachute（降落伞）：The invention is used widely today，both for entertainment and scientific use．The first record of the parachute was in 90 BC，but it is said to have been invented in the second century BC．
Rudder（舵）：Before the invention of the rudder，boats had to rely on oars to turn，which required a lot of time and energy．Now the rudder is used widely in all types of boats．The invention date is unknown．

55．Which of the inventions came out first？B
A．Paper currency B．Row crops C．Fireworks D．Parachute
56．What do you know about fireworks，according to the passage？D
A．They were first invented to scare people．
B．They were invented for wars．
C．They were developed from gunpowder．
D．They were invented at about the same time as gun-powder．
57．It can be inferred from the passage thatA．
A．It saves time and energy to operate the rudder than oars on boats
B．when wind hits the rows of crops，it destroys them
C．paper currency was the world's oldest form of money
D．the main income of the USA comes from deep drilling for gas
58．What do the inventions mentioned above have in common？C
A．They all have exact written records．
B．They were used as entertainment at first．
C．They have all been of great benefit to human beings．
D．They are becoming out of date in most countries．

20．American English and British English
Many students want to know about the differences between American English and British English．How did these differences come about？There is no quick answer to this question．
At first the language in Britain and America was the same．In 1776America became an independent （独立的） country．After that，the language slowly began to change．For a long time the language in America stayed the same，while the language in England changed．For example，300years ago the English talked about"fall"．Today，most British people talk about"autumn"，but Americans still talk about"fall"．In the same way Americans still use the expression"I guess"（ meaning"I think"），just as the British did 300years ago．At the same time，British English and American English started borrowing words from other languages，ending up with different words．For example，the British took"typhoon"from Chinese，while the Americans took"tornado"from Spanish．
In 1828Noah Webster published the first American dictionary．He wanted to make American English different from British English，so he changed the spelling of many words．That's why the words colour，centre and traveller are spelt color，center，and traveler in American English．Except for these differences in spelling，written English is more or less the same in both British and American English．
The differences are greater in the spoken language．For example，American say dance[d?ns]，and in southern England they say[da：ns]．In America they pronounce not[nat]； in southern England they say[n?t]．However，most of the time people from the two countries do not have any difficulty in understanding each other．

45．When did the language in Britain and American slowly begin to change？C
A．After 1828．
B.300years ago．
C．After Britain stopped ruling the USA．
D.300years after America became independent．
46．British English is different from American English becauseD．
A．Britain and America published different dictionaries
B．American English changed but British English stayed the same
C．British decided to change the spelling of many American words
D．the Americans and British took different words from other countries
47．What is the passage mainly about？B
A．Why English has become a popular language．
B．How American and British English have changed．
C．How people in two countries understand each other．
D．Why Britain and America are two similar countries．

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