11．A woman in the US is able to speak for the first time in 11years after a pioneering voice box tra——青夏教育精英家教网—

11．A woman in the US is able to speak for the first time in 11years after a pioneering voice box transplant （移植）．
Brenda Jensen said the operation was a great success which had saved her life．Thirteen days after the surgery she said her first words："Good morning，I want to go home．"It is the first time a voice box and windpipe have been transplanted at the same time and only the second time a voice box has ever been transplanted．
Ms．Jensen，52，had been unable to speak on her own since her voice box was damaged during surgery in 1999．Since then，she has been unable to taste or smell food，could breathe only through a hole in her windpipe and could talk only with the help of an electronic voice box．
In October，surgeons at the University of California Davis Medical Centre removed the voice box and 6cm of the windpipe from a donor body．In an 18-hour operation，this was transplanted into Ms．Jensen's throat and the team connected it to her blood supply and nerves （神经）．
Professor Martin Birchall from University College London，who was part of the surgery team，said："We've learned that we can repair nerves to make even very complex organs function again． It'll open the door to better facial transplants and will be extremely important as tissue engineering develops．"
A voice box transplant might be life changing，but it is not life saving．Everyone who receives a transplant must take drugs to control the immune system （免疫系统） for the rest of their lives． These drugs can reduce life expectancy，so they are normally set aside for life saving procedures．
One of the reasons Ms．Jensen was a suitable person for this transplant was that she was already taking immune controlling drugs after a kidney-pancreas transplant four years ago．Professor Peter Belafsky，part of the surgical team，said："Brenda was an exceptional candidate for the transplant because she was highly motivated．Anyone who's met Brenda knows that she is a strong and determined person with a great outlook on life in spite of the many physical challenges she's faced over her lifetime．

63．The voice transplant operation is of great significance because it proves thatC．
A．facial transplants are now easier to perform
B．new medical technology is always possible to discover
C．nerve repairing is a breakthrough in tissue engineering
D．the drugs taken after the operation help the patient live longer
64．Ms．Jensen was a suitable person for this transplant because she wasA．
A．strong-willed and prepared               B．experienced and brave
C．seriously ill and motivated              D．determined and realistic
65．Which of the following is the right time order of the event？D
a．Ms．Jensen received a voice box transplant operation．
b．Ms．Jensen began to take immune controlling drugs．
c．Doctors removed the voice box from a donor body．
d．Ms．Jensen had a kidney-pancreas transplant operation．
A．acdb          B．dbca          C．bdca        D．cabd
66．Which is the best title for the passage？C
A．Transplant Saves A Woman's Life      B．Overcoming Obstacles to Speak Again
C．First Words from New Voice Box       D．Courageous Woman Defeating Fears．

10．

Could you identify a maple tree，recognize different insects，or correctly distinguish a tortoise from a soft-shell turtle （鳖）？If the answer is yes，then it's likely that you're old enough to have had a childhood where screens and electronic toys weren't the main free-time activities．If the answer is no，then maybe you're young enough to count among a generation now supposed to be suffering from nature-deficit disorder （大自然缺失症）．
Relating to contemporary children and young people，nature-deficit disorder refers to the increasing tendency to spend very little time outdoors in the open countryside．This suggests that today's kids have little access to nature in the way that their parents did，instead spending most of their spare time inside．21st century kids are more likely to watch TV or play on computers．Even if they do participate in a physical activity，it's very likely to be some kind of organized sport under the watchful eye of adults，rather than wandering through the countryside unsupervised．
Though this might just appear to be a general observation on the way technology has changed childhood，nature-deficit disorder goes beyond a simple lack of exposure to the countryside．This is more like an illness，with symptoms which might include sadness，boredom and loneliness．
The expression"nature-deficit disorder"was coined in 2005 by American author Richard Louv．The term comes from his bestselling book on the same topic entitled Last Child in the Woods-saving Our Children from Nature-Deficit Disorder，which inspired a movement that campaigned to reconnect young people with the natural environment，as exposure to nature is a key factor in healthy child development．
As well as electronic entertainment，causes of nature-deficit disorder include parental fears about traffic and strangers，health and safety rules，and laws against catching wild animals and collecting wild flowers．
66．The author asks some questions at the beginning of the text in order toA．
    A．introduce the topic of the text
    B．judge if you are old enough
    C．examine your natural knowledge
    D．examine if you're suffering from some illness
67．Which of the following are the main free-time activities for today's kids？A
    A．Watching TV and playing on computers．
    B．Wandering through the countryside and distinguishing animals．
    C．Participating in physical activities and having organized sport．
    D．Catching wild animals and collecting wild flowers．
68．Which of the following is NOT a cause of nature-deficit disorder？D
    A．Electronic entertainment．      B．Parental fears about traffic and strangers．
    C．Health and safety rules．       D．Laws against playing in nature．
69．What does the underlined word"uns'upervised"most probably mean？C
    A．Without being rewarded．             B．Without being hurt．
    C．Without being watched．              D．Without being disturbed．
70．The American author Richard Louv wrote the book toC．
    A．make the term"natural-deficit disorder"popular
    B．explain what，causes natural-deficit disorder
    C．reconnect young people with the natural environment
    D．find out what is the key factor in healthy child development．

9．With modern technology evolving，an increasing number of jobs involve sitting at a computer for at least 8 hours a day．This can actually cause pains and strains，known as Repetitive Strain Injuries （RSI）．The following are common complaints of people with office jobs．
Poor Posture
   Hunching over（弯腰驼背）and twisting the spine（脊柱）can ruin your posture and lead to many problems later in life．Poor posture can also make you seem shorter than you actually are．
   Ensuring you have the correct office furniture for your height is an important part of reducing back pain．Doing yoga 20 minutes every day can help improve your fitness，burn fat，and improve your posture．
Eye Strain
   Common symptoms of eye strain include dry，tired eyes，sharp pains behind them，unclear vision，and headaches．Although these symptoms are temporary，they can be very uncomfortable and make you lose concentration．
   Blink frequently to keep your eyes from going dry．Take short frequent breaks，or perform tasks which don't involve looking at your screen．Certain facial yoga sequences can really help to relax tired eyes．Try the"clock"sequence，for example．Imagine a clock in front of your eyes．With them as wide open as possible，do the sequence of the clock，starting at 12，moving to 5 past，and so on．If you repeat this twice clockwise（顺时针方向地） and then twice counter-clockwise your eyes should feel refreshed．
Poor Circulation
   Sitting in the same position all day can have negative effects on your leg muscles and increase the risk of developing Deep Vein Thrombosis （DVT），which involves painful blood clots（凝块）in the leg muscles．
   Take regular walks．Try practicing yoga sequences that target leg muscles to increase circulation in the legs and feet．
   Yoga brings with it definite mental and physical benefits．Many people see aerobic exercise as a chore，but view yoga as a pastime．When you wake up in the morning，try a few stretches to see how refreshing it feels．
64．Which is the right order for people to do facial yoga to relax their eyes？A
a．Open the eyes as wide as possible．
b．Repeat the movement clockwise．
c．Imagine a clock in front of your eyes．
d．Move your eyes from 12 to 5 past．
e．Move your eyes counter-clockwise．
A．c，a，d，b，e
B．a，c，d，b，e
C．c，a，e，d，b
D．a，c，b，e，d
65．Which of the following is NOT supported by the text？C
A．Proper office furniture helps ease back strain．
B．Eye strain makes it hard for you to focus on what you're doing．
C．Having proper posture helps increase your height．
D．Sitting all day increases the risk of developing DVT．
66．The text is developed mainly byA
A．showing problems and giving solutions
B．pointing out similarities and differences
C．describing changes in a spatial（空间的）arrangement
D．telling stories and giving explanations
67．The main purpose of the text is toA
A．raise people's awareness of health
B．introduce the importance of yoga
C．describe Repetitive Strain Injuries
D．tell people how to stretch effectively．

8．Walking in a farmers'market often brings one to explore new food options，and now more locally-farmed protein choices are available to help bridge the gap between our meals and the farms on which they originated．More and more local small farms are popping up in opposition to factory farms．
Today's commercial farms do not fit the image that comes to mind while happily singing along to"Old McDonald．"Instead，most of the nation's food comes from CAFOs-Confined Animal Feeding Operations-where animals are kept in tightly enclosed conditions as they are fattened up and readied to be killed for food．
Fortunately，knowing exactly where one's food comes from has led to an increase in the availability of what is known as"grass-fed"beef．Technically，all cattle are grass-fed for at least a limited amount of time，but what makes the meat significant is that it is grass-finished，not force-fed corn，soy or grains．This change in diet makes all the difference since corn is not part of the cow's traditional diet，and therefore causes major health issues for it．To deal with the health issues，antibiotics（抗生素）are used and some of the antibiotics used to treat the cattle are similar to those given to humans，so they can decrease the effectiveness of medicine when a consumer is sick．
A healthier diet for the cattle leads the meat to lower in both fat and calories．And when cooking grass-fed beef，you'd better use a slightly lower temperature to make it more delicious．

60．The underlined words popping up （in 1st Para．） probably means．D
A．improving B．fading C．profiting D．appearing
61．The song"Old McDonald"describes．A
A．animals raised freely on local farms
B．animals kept in tightly enclosed conditions
C．commercial farms providing fast food
D．commercial farms providing unpopular foods
62．Some medicines are less effective for beef consumers probably because．D
A．some cattle feed on grains
B．all cattle diet on grass
C．some medicines are used to treat sick cattle
D．some antibiotics are used by both cattle and people
63．We can infer from the text thatA．
A．food from local farms can help add to the variety in our daily meals
B．soy or grains are on the list of traditional diets of the cattle
C．corn for the cattle leads the meat to lower in both fat and calories
D．lower temperature makes grass-fed beef more delicious．

7．Doctors sometimes prescribe light therapy to treat a form of depression in people who get too little morning sun．But too much light at other times may actually cause such mood disorders． Long-lasting exposure to light at night brings depression，a new study finds，at least in animals．
The new data confirm observations from studies of people who work night shifts，says Richard Stevens of the University of Connecticut Health Center．Mood disorders join a growing list of problems，including cancer，obesity and diabetes梩hat can occur when light throws life out of balance by disturbing the biological clock and its timing of daily rhythms．
In the new study，Tracy Bedrosian and Randy Nelson of Ohio State University exposed mice to normal light and dark cycles for four weeks．For the next four weeks，half of the mice remained on this schedule，and the rest received continuous dim light throughout their night．Compared with mice exposed to normal nighttime darkness，those getting dim light at night lost their strong preference for sweet drinks，"a sign they no longer get pleasure out of activities they once enjoyed，"Bedrosian says．
In a second test，mice were clocked on how long they actively tried to escape a pool of water． Those exposed to night lights stopped struggling and just floated in the water，a sign of"behavioral despair"，10times as long as the mice that had experienced normal nighttime darkness．All symptoms of depression disappeared within two weeks of the mice returning to a normal light-dark cycle，the researchers report．The scientists also could quash the behavioral symptoms by injecting （注射） the brains of animals with a drug that prohibits the activity of certain molecules linked with human depression．This finding further suggests that light at night may cause something related to depression．
Human studies linking nighttime light and mood disorders are important but can't easily detect molecular underpinnings （分子基础） as animal studies can，says George Brainard of Thomas Jefferson University．The new work，he says，suggests that the change of the biological clock by light at night can be"an extremely powerful force in regulating biology and behavior．

63．After being exposed to continuous nighttime light，the miceD．
A．changed their preferences           B．escaped from the water more eagerly
C．remained active as before           D．showed less interest in their favorites
64．What does the underlined word"quash"in Para．4probably mean？C
A．study             B．predict
C．ease              D．cause
65．We can leam from the last paragraph thatA．
A．light at night may have practical value
B．the biological clock is beneficial to humans
C．human mood disorders cannot be healed easily
D．human studies are more important than animal studies
66．What is the main idea of the passage？A
A．Nighttime light may foster depression．
B．A drug has been found to cure mood disorders．
C．The study on animals can be applied to humans．
D．Human biological clock can be controlled by lieht．

6．Organic food，once considered something that only health fanatics desired，is now a regular feature at most supermarkets．And that has created a bit of a dilemma．On the one hand，you have a conventionally grown apple．On the other，you have one that's organic．Both apples are firm，shiny and red．Both provide vitamins and fiber，and both are free of fat，sodium and cholesterol．
Conventionally grown food generally costs less，but is organic food a better choice？The advantages claimed for such foods over conventionally grown and sold food products are now being debated on a large scale．Supporters of organic foods-a term whose meaning varies greatly-are frequently telling the world that such products are safer and more nutritious than others．
The growing interest of consumers in the safety and nutritional quality of daily foods is a welcome development．However，much of this interest has been aroused by sweeping claims that the conventional food supply is unsafe or inadequate in meeting nutritional needs．
Almost daily，the public is surrounded by claims for"no-aging"diets，new vitamins and other wonder foods．There are numerous unsubstantiated reports that natural vitamins are superior to man-made ones，that fertilized eggs are nutritionally superior to unfertilized eggs，that untreated grains are better than those treated with insect spray and the like．
Although most of these claims are not supported by scientific evidence，large amounts of written material about the benefits of organic foods makes it difficult for people to separate fact from fiction．As a result，claims that eating a diet consisting of organically grown foods prevents or cures disease or provides other benefits to health have become widely advertised and form the basis for people's opinion．
One thing that most organically grown food products seem to have in common is that they cost more than conventionally grown foods．But in many cases consumers are misled if they believe organic foods can maintain health and provide better nutritional quality than conventionally grown foods．So there is real cause for concern if consumers，particularly those with limited incomes，distrust the conventional food supply and buy only expensive organic foods instead．

41．According to Paragraph 2，which of the following statements about organic food is true？A
A．It has no agreed definition．
B．It is popular among producers．
C．It is accepted by most nutritionists．
D．It hasn't been used until recent years．
42．In Paragraph 4，treated grains are examples ofB．
A．organic food B．conventionally grown food
C．expensive food D．healthier food
43．It can be inferred from the passage thatC．
A．organic foods are actually less nutritious than conventionally grown foods
B．people cannot separate fact from fiction because of the TV advertisements
C．organic foods cost more but are not necessarily better than conventionally grown foods
D．most doctors believe that organic foods prevent disease or provide other benefits to health
44．According to the passage，many consumers are attracted by organic foods because theyB．
A．have carefully researched the products
B．value food safety and nutrition
C．expect to save some money
D．want to try something new
45．What is the author's attitude toward the claims of organic foods？D
A．Enthusiastic． B．Supportive． C．Uninterested． D．Doubtful．

5．Security Services advise that there have been robberies reported in the East Oxford area，carried out by a group and involving threats of and showing of a knife．The victims have all been young males of student age and appearance who have been walking alone between 7 pm and the early hours of the morning．Some of the victims have been followed from the O2 and the Regal Hotel．
The Crime Prevention Advisor offers the following advice：
●If possible walk home in a group，not on your own．If someone tries to take something from you by force，it may be best to give it to them，this way it will avoid you getting injured．
●If someone tries to follow you，make for a public place，such as a shop or a restaurant or walk towards other people．Make lots of noise and use your personal alarm to shock the person and use this opportunity to make your escape．If you need to use your mobile phone on route go into a shop or stand with your back to a shop window and constantly survey the area around you．Keep the conversation short and to the point and try not to be too obvious doing it．
●Walk with confidence and look as though you're on a mission．Keep your head up and while you should look ahead to avoid unnecessary conflicts，such as a group of young men a-head of you，you should also be aware of everything around you．Whenever possible use well lit and busy streets and definitely avoid alleyways，wasteland and other quiet short cuts．
If you have any information relating to these crimes，please call Crime Stoppers on 0800 555 111 or call Thames Valley Police on 101 for non-emergency reporting．

60．What is mainly described in the text？B
A．A kind of security service．
B．How to prevent the crime．
C．How to fight for the crime．
D．Safety on the streets at nights．
61．The O₂ is the name ofB．
A．a gas B．a stadium C．a city D．a magazine
62．Which of the following is TRUE according to the text？C
A．Call Thames Valley Police on 101 when reporting an emergency．
B．The victims are all young students walking home alone at night．
C．Better give what you take to robbers when robbed of something．
D．Choose quiet short cuts and you'll avoid being robbed successfully．
63．Where does this text probably come from？D
A．Traffic regulations． B．An advertisement．
C．A news report． D．A university website．

4．Which is safer--staying at home，traveling to work on public transport，or working in the office？Surprisingly，each of these carries the same risk，which is very low：However，what about flying compared to working in the chemical industry？Unfortunately，the former is 65times riskier than the latter!In fact，the accident rate of workers in the chemical industry is less than that of almost any of human activity，and almost as safe as staying at home．
The trouble with the chemical industry is that when things go wrong they often cause death to those living nearby．It is this that makes chemical accidents so newsworthy．Fortunately，they are extremely rare．The most famous ones happened at Texas City （1947），Flixborough （1974），Seveso （1976），Pemex （1984）and Bhopal （1984）．
Some of these are always in the minds of the people even though the loss of life was small．No one died at Seveso，and only 28workers at Flixborough．The worst accident of all was Bhopal，where up to 3，000were killed．The Texas City explosion of fertilizer killed 552．The Pemex fire at a storage plant for natural gas in the suburbs of Mexico City took 542lives，just a month before the unfortunate event at Bhopal．
Some experts have discussed these accidents and used each accident to illustrate a particular danger．Thus the Texas City explosion was caused by tons of ammonium nitrate，which is safe unless stored in great quantity．The Flixborough fireball was the fault of management，which took risks to keep production going during essential repairs．The Seveso accident shows what happens if the local authorities lack knowledge of the danger on their doorstep．When the poisonous gas drifted over the town，local leaders were incapable of taking effective action．The Pemex fire was made worse by an overloaded site in an overcrowded suburb．The fire set off a chain reaction of exploding storage tanks．Yet，by a miracle，the two largest tanks did not explode．Had these caught fire，then 3，000 strong rescue team and fire fighters would all have died．

31．Which of the following statements is TRUE？D
A．Working at the office is safer than staying at home．
B．Travelling to work on public transport is safer than working at the office．
C．Staying at home is safer than working in the chemical industry．
D．Working in the chemical industry is safer than traveling by air．
32．Chemical accidents are usually important enough to be reported as news becauseB．
A．they are very rare．
B．they often cause loss of life
C．they always occur in big cities
D．they arouse the interest of all the readers
33．According to passage，the chemical accident that caused by the fault of management happened inB．
A．Texas city B．Flixborough C．Seveso D．Mexico City
34．From the passage we know that ammonium nitrate is a kind ofB．
A．natural gas，which can easily catch fire
B．fertilizer，which can't be stored in a great quantity
C．poisonous substance，which can't be used in overcrowded areas
D．fuel，which is stored in large tanks
35．From the discussion among some experts we may conclude thatC．
A．to avoid any accidents we should not repair the facilities in chemical industry
B．the local authorities should not be concerned with the production of the chemical industry
C．all these accidents could have been avoided or controlled if effective measure had been taken
D．natural gas stored in very large tanks is always safe．

3．Nowadays，the ice bucket challenge is among the（61）hottest（hot）news of a11．It is an activity（62）held（hold）by an American charity organization．It not only helps the sick people to get the money to heal their disease，but also makes moie and more people aware （63）ofthe disease，so that they can give more care to the patients，
Ice bucket challenge is like the epidemic（流行病），（64）whichbecomes popular around the world very （65）quickly（quick）．The starter holds the activity，
（66）hoping（hope）people can experience the ALS patients'pain．In the activity，people need to pour the ice water down from their heads，and then propose another three people．They can either choose to accept the challenge （67）ordonate 100 dollars，or do the both．
The ALS makes people's muscles become hard．It is hard for the patients to move．Stephen Hocking is one of the （68）sufferers（suffer）．Ice bucket challenge is （69）agreat success．Until now，a big donation （70）has been received（receive）．

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