17．Etymology.the study of words and word roots.may sound like the kind of thing done by boring libra——青夏教育精英家教网—

17．Etymology，the study of words and word roots，may sound like the kind of thing done by boring librarians in small，dusty rooms． Yet etymologists actually have a uniquely interesting job． They are in many ways just like archaeologists （考古学家） digging up the physical history of people and events． The special aspect of etymology is that it digs up history，so to speak，through the words and phrases that are left behind．
The English language，in particular，is a great field to explore history through words As a language，English has an extraordinary number of words． This is partly due to its ability to adapt foreign words so readily． For example，"English"words such as kindergarten （from German），croissant （from French），and cheetah （from Hindi） have become part of the language with little or no change from their original sounds and spellings． So English-language etymologists have a vast world of words to explore．
Another enjoyable thing about etymology for most word experts is solving word mysteries（谜）． No，etymologists do not go around solving murders，like the great detective Sherlock Holmes． What these word experts solve are mysterious origins of some of our most common words
One of the biggest questions English language experts have pursued is how English came to have the phrase OK． Though it is one of the most commonly used expressions，its exact beginning is a puzzle even to this day． Even its spelling is not entirely consistent-unless you spell it Okay，it is hard even to call it a word．
Etymologists have been able to narrow OK's origin down to a likely，although not certain，source（来源）． It became widely used around the time of Martin Van Buren's run for president in 1840． His nickname was Old Kinderhook． What troubles word experts about this explanation is that the phrase appeared in some newspapers before Van Buren became well known． It is likely that Van Buren could be called its primary source Etymologists will doubtlessly keep searching for the initial source． However，it is clear that OK's popularity and reputation have topped those of the American president to whom it has been most clearly linked．

63． The author mentions the words like"croissant"in Paragraph 2to indicateC．
A． words have changed a lot in the two languages
B． what English-language etymologists are exploring now
C． English has absorbed many words from other foreign languages
D． the English vocabulary is difficult to the non-English-speaking people
64．The underlined word"pursued"in Paragraph 4meansB．
A． looked upon B． dug up C． put in D． set down
65． We can learn from the passage that etymologistsA．
A． discover the possible origin of words
B． help detectives to solve mysterious murders
C． write interesting stories for some newspapers
D． explore the English language as well as the recent events
66． What is the main purpose of the passage？C
A． To present the history of English words
B． To explain the procedure of an etymologist's job
C． To introduce the pleasure of the study of words and word roots．
D． To teach readers how to distinguish English and non-English words．

16．Raise your hand if you've had your Smartphone stolen． According to the Federal Communication Commission（FCC．），the phone theft rate for the year 2013is estimated to be about 369per 100，000individuals-with a higher rate in cities． The solution to that problem  starts at home-with you． While 36percent of Smartphone owners secure their phonic with a  four-digit code，just 11percent used a code longer than four digits，a password，or an unlock  pattern； fully a thrice of those surveyed took none forth listed security measures at all．
Improved security can definitely help deter thefts． In cases where users set no password，it's quite easy to erase a phone and turn it around on the black market． While simple four-digit pass codes can help slow that process down，they are mathematically much cashier to crack（破解） than longer，more complicated passwords．
Technological measures have agreeably begun in the making process：Apple，lord example，introduced a feature which prevents someone from disabling the Find My aphonic service，erasing the device，or react．inviting an erased device． In the six months after that upstate，thefts of phones decreased by around a quarter in New York，San Francisco and London． Were everybody to set a strafing password on their devices-or work device makers to re．curie． Lasers to set a pass code，rather than merely suggesting it．it would be considerably harder tore thieves to resell those phonics elsewhere． Though． much as with cars，it wouldn't necessarily stop insolents where smart phones arc taken apart．
I've FCC，is asking that device makers better educate considers about the anti-theft measures available on their devices． Really，it's a matter of common sense：just as you wouldn't leave your house unlocked-especially if'you lived in an urban area-you shouldn't walk around with an unprotected phone． Because these days． the amulet oversensitive and personal information you keep in your phone may actually be more valuable than what you leave in your house． So，for your own sake，fire up that Smartphone and sct a secure pass code，and do it right now．

41． Which of the following can be the FCC's conclusion'sA
A． More smart bones arc stolen in cities than in the countryside．
B． Smartphone's should be put at home so that they won't be stolen．
C． About 400smart phones were stolen in cities in 2013．
D． A four-digit codec is the best way to scurf your Smartphone．
42． What does the underlined word"deter"in Paragraph 2probably mean'？B
A． Commit．                 B． Discourage．
C． Investigate．            D． Report
43． If security measures are taken in the making process，C
A． it won't be possibly for stolen smart phonics to be sold
B． users have to set a pass Coclé before using a Smartphone
C． there will be fewer thefts of smart phonics
D． the stolen smart phones will be almost Listless
44． We can know loom the last paragraph thatD
A． houses can usually be lei unlocked in the countryside
B． people should buy more expensive snort phones
C． personal or valuable information should be kept in the Smartphone
D． phone nacres are expected to play their part in preventing pone thefts
45． What is the purpose of'the passage？A
A．low advise sacking smart phonics．
B． To advertise an Apple predict．
C．1condoning snail．11t'ne halts．
D． To tell L/S the relit oaf survey．

15．I consider myself something of （61）anexpert on apologies．A quick temper has provided me （62）withplenty of opportunities to make them．In one of my earliest （63）memories（memorize），my mother was telling me，"Don't watch the ground when you say，‘I'm sorry'．Hold your head （64）up一and look at the person in the eye，so he'll know you mean it．"My mother thus made the key point of a （65）successful（succeed） apology：It must be direct．
（66）Another important thing we should do for an effective apology is to bear the responsibility for our careless mistakes．We are used to （67）making （make） excuses，which leaves no room for the other person to forgive us．Since most people are open-hearted，the no-excuse apology leaves both parties feeling （68）better（good） about themselves．That，after all，is the purpose of every apology．It matters little （69）whether you are wholly or only partly wrong：answering for your mistake （70）encourages （encourage） others to take their share of the blame．

14．High-Tech Santa：4 Devices to Give the Old Man a Boost
Every year，Santa guides his sleigh from the North Pole and gets presents delivered to all the good girls and boys of the world．Can technology give the kind old man a hand in finishing his rounds？After all，Santa isn't getting any younger，and Christmas Eve isn't getting any longer．Here are a few suggestions．
Note：we are not being paid to promote these products．（36）G
1．A 3D printer
Manufacturing is a tough business，so Santa must be very busy in making millions of gifts．Perhaps Santa could feel easier if he caught up with the 3D-printing craze．Desktop 3D printers for home use are just coming on the market．（37）F
2．A high-tech list
Notebook and paper are s0 20th century．Santa needs something new-perhaps a tablet？We suggest Samsung's Galaxy Note 10.1．It comes with a pen and note-taking apps，so Santa won't have to take off his gloves to swipe at the screen．（38）B
3．GPS
Santa needs to take advantage of the global positioning system （GPS）．GPS has been around since 1995and is now taken for granted in phones and cars．（39）AGPS trackers can even help Mrs．Claus keep an eye on her husband．
4．Protective cases
One disadvantage to entering the digital age is that most tech gadgets aren't built for the cold．Most digital devices only do between 0℃and 35℃．（40）D A company has a possible answer．It uses new materials that protect spacecraft from the cold of space and the heat of a launch．The company must be willing to offer Christmasy red protective cases．

A．Such devices can show where someone is and where they've been．
B．Who wants to take off their gloves to use a touch screen in snow and ice？
C．Many people want to track Santa with high-tech devices．
D．What should Santa do if he wants to use his ipad in the North Pole？
E．Santa's white gloves provide a nice contrast to his bright-red suit．
F．They're capable of turning digital instructions into real things．
G．We're simply concerned for Santa's well-being．

13．You arrive on time at the Smith's house to babysit three-year-old Max．When Mrs．Smith invites you into the house，you find Max sitting on the floor with an ipad．You look around for a book，and then you realize the ipad is teaching him how to read through a series of songs and games．Mrs Smith looks as though she couldn't be prouder of her son for playing such educational games．
Technology is becoming more important in our everyday lives．From playing a game to asking Sir for directions to a restaurant，we are depending heavily on our handheld device．Companies such as Fisher-price and Open solutions are making apps such as"Laugh and Learn"，"Baby Hear and Read"and"Baby's First Puzzle．"These apps are marketed to parents and their babies．Some companies say that their apps will help the baby learn to read while others promise skills such as identifying shapes and sounds．Many parents say that these games have helped their children a lot．
Recently the campaign for a Commercial-Free Childhood，a Boston-based group，has been accusing companies，who make these supposedly educational games，of false advertising．The campaign believes that these games are doing very little to improve the education of young children．
"What babies need for healthy brain development is active play，hand-ons creative play and face-to-face interaction．"says Susan Linn，the group's director．This means that when you are babysitting little Max，you should play board games with him or games that  require him to use his own imagination．This will help him to learn not only skills that the games teach him，but he will learn social skills．The American Academy of Pediatrics agrees with Linn，discouraging any electronic time for babies under 2，while older children should be limited to one to two hours a day．

32．We can learn that many parents think the apps such as"Laugh and Learn"areD
A．dull to use
B．complex to operate
C．expensive to buy
D．beneficial to possess
33．Which of the following may Suan Linn agree with？C
A．The ipad will soon take the place of babysitters．
B．Baby's First Puzzle is a good choice for parents．
C．Babies should stay away from these learning apps．
D．The apps from Fisher-Price can teach children a lot．
34．What a babysitter really needs to do is toC．
A．buy more educational apps from markets
B．turn to Commercial-Free Childhood for help
C．create more activities that children can take part in
D．encourage more kids to discover more electronic games
35．Which of the following can be the best title of the passage？B
A．Fun educational apps for education
B．Learning apps：Do they really help？
C．Is modern technology improving our lives？
D．The campaign for a Commercial-Free Childhood．

12．When I was 10 years old，I tried out for the cheerleading squad．I had taken gymnastics classes for two years to prepare for these tryouts．However，I didn't make the team．It was a heavy blow to me．I cried all night．
Kids today won't experience that kind of rejection．They're growing up in"everybody gets a turn"world where every child gets a chance to kick the ball，sing the song，and win the award．But that's not always such a good thing．
Parents have become fearful of letting kids fail，thinking that our children are easily hurt and will never recover from anything-that's a serious problem．Last week，my 7-year-old daughter didn't get into the school play．At first，I was upset by it．How would she react？When I gave her the news，I was ready to hug her and cry with her．She looked at me，made a slight face and said，"That's too bad．What's for dinner？"
It clearly wasn't the end of her world．Maybe if we let our kids experience rejection once in a while，we'd realize they are much stronger than we think．Kids need to be able to handle disappointments； doing so helps them to prepare for real life．Most importantly，rejection carries the possibility not only for growth and can also motivate kids to try harder the next time．
Rejection is pain．There is no way around that．How will our kids ever discover their true talents if we don't let them？Instead of complaining，maybe we should consider rejection an opportunity．

24．The author shared her childhood story with readers toC．
A．show how her parents attached importance to her education
B．suggest how difficult it was for her to join a cheerleader squad
C．introduce the topic of how to let kids face rejection in life
D．explain why children are easily hurt in the process of their growth
25．When failing to get into the school play，the author's 7-year-old daughterD．
A．felt greatly disappointed
B．was upset about it
C．cried all night
D．thought nothing of it
26.1n the author's opinion，rejectionB．
A．is something that can be avoided in life
B．is good for the growth of the children
C．discourages children from learning new things
D．causes children to lose their confidence
27．What is important when we face rejection according to the last paragraph？A
A．Attitude．
B．Interest．
C．Health．
D．Memory．

10．How to Make Friends
Friendship is a very important human relationship and everyone needs good friends．There are times in our lives such as when we have recently moved into a new town，or changed our jobs or schools．Such changes often leave us without a friend．（16）D．But for many of us the process is difficult and requires courage．Below are some helpful suggestions on how to make and keep friends．
（1）Start a conversation．
Starting a conversation is a very important step in making new friends．（17）EYou can always start the conversation．Being able to make small talks is a very useful skill in relating with other people．
（2）（18）A
Choosing friends with common interests is important in building friendship as these interests would always bring you and your friends together．
（3）Let friendship grow．
It is a good thing to stay in touch．However，you'd better not constantly make phone calls or keep writing emails to share every bit of things and expect them to react in time．（19）B．The best friendships are the ones that grow naturally．
（4）Enjoy your friendship．
The best way to enjoy your friendship is to allow your friends to be themselves．（20）FTry not to change them into what you want them to be．Try to become the friend that you expect your friends to be to you．

A．Share similar hobbies．
B．So allow your friends enough time to respond to you．
C．Keep cheerful all the time．
D．For some people making new friends seems easy and natural．
E．Do not wait for others to speak to you first．
F．Try not to be particular（挑剔的） about your friends．
G．Try to keep in touch all the time to develop friendship．

9．Matthew Henson-Arctic Explorer
In 1880，fourteen-year-old Matthew Henson loved to hear sailors tell tales of their exciting lives at sea．The travel，the adventure，the danger，and the steady pay were all attracting young Henson．One day，he found a job as a cabin boy on a beautiful ship called the Katie Hinds．For the next five years，Henson sailed around the world．With the help of the ship's captain and other members of the crew，Henson learned mathematics，navigation，history，geography，and many other subjects．By the time he left the Katie Hinds in 1885，Henson was well educated and had become an excellent seaman．
Unable to find work anywhere else，Henson took a job in a hat shop in Washington，D．C．One day in 1887，a man came in to buy a hat．The man，Robert Peary，asked the owner if he knew anyone with experience at sea．Peary would soon travel to South America for the U．S．government．He needed experienced men to accompany him．The shop owner knew about his young employee's skills and experience on ocean journeys，so he introduced Peary to Henson．
Using his map-reading and sailing skills，Henson proved himself to be a worthy and smart seaman．Peary soon made Henson his assistant，and they became close friends．One day Peary told Henson about his real dream：to be the first man to stand on"the top of the world"at the North Pole．He asked Henson to help him make his dream come true．Over the next five years，the two explorers made two trips together to the Arctic．However，they were not able to reach the pole either time．The cold，wind，and ice were worse than either of them had ever imagined．
In 1908，Peary and Henson were ready to make their final attempt at reaching the North Pole．Both men were over forty years old．The years of hardship in the arctic cold had made them suffer a lot．This would be their last chance．With four Inuit guides，they made a mad rush straight across the ice toward the pole．Peary's feet were injured and he had to be pulled on a dogsled．In April 1909，Henson's instruments showed they were standing at the North Pole．Together Henson and Peary planted the American flag in the snow．
In later years，Robert Peary and Henson were greatly honored for their achievements．Today，the two friends and fellow explorers lie in heroes'graves not far apart in the Arlington National Cemetery．
60．In paragraph1，the author shows how Henson becameA．
A．a skilled seaman
B．a highly educated captain
C．employed in a restaurant
D．interested in helping others
61．Paragraph 2mainly tells usA．
A．how Matthew Henson met Robert Peary
B．why Matthew Henson went to the hat shop
C．why Matthew Henson stopped working on the Katie Hinds
D．how Robert Peary knew that Matthew Henson had sea experience
62．On their trip to the North Pole，Henson and Peary could best be compared toD．
A．treasure hunters seeking big fortunes
B．generals seeking power over another country
C．soldiers going to war to fight for their freedom
D．fighters performing a task in an unknown land
63．The information presented in this passage is mainly organizedC．
A．by cause and effect
B．by comparing and contrasting
C．in the order that the events happened
D．with main ideas and supporting examples．

8．Copycat Elephants
You may have seen a talking parrot on a TV show，in a movie，or even in someone's home．The parrot has learned to copy sounds that people make．Birds are not the only animals that can copy the noises they hear．Dolphins，bats，and some apes also copy sounds．Now we can add elephants to this list of copycats．
Dr．Joyce Poole is a zoologist．She studies the sounds of elephants．While she was in Kenya，she would hear strange noises made by Mlaika after sunset．Mlaika was a 10-year-old African elephant．
Mlaika lived near a highway．Dr．Poole says，"I could not tell the difference between Mlaika's call and the distant truck noise．"She and other scientists studied Mlaika's sounds．It turned out that Mlaika was copying the sounds of the trucks driving by．Why would Mlaika copy trucks that she heard going by on the highway？Animals that are able to copy sounds may enjoy practicing new sounds．When they are kept outside of their natural environment，they may copy unusual sounds．That may be why an elephant would copy the sound of a truck．
"Mlaika was not the only copycat elephant，"Dr．Poole says．Calimero is a 23-year-old male African elephant．He spent 18years with two female Asian elephants．Asian elephants make chirping sounds （sounds made by birds） to talk with one another．African elephants usually do not make chirping sounds．But Calimero now does．He is copying his Asian elephant friends．Dr．Poole says that elephants need to form bonds with their family and friends．She says，"They make sounds to communicate with each other．When they are separated，they use sounds to keep in contact．"
Parrots，dolphins，humans，and elephants show that being a copycat is one way that animals and people make new friends and keep old ones．
56．According to the passage，what does Mlaika copy？B
A．The sound of people
B．The sound of trucks
C．The sound of Calimero
D．The sound of birds．
57．Why is Calimero mentioned in the passage？C
A．To clarify the meaning of copycat elephants．
B．To show the cleverness of African elephants．
C．To add another example of copycat elephants．
D．To introduce a special life skill of Asian elephants．
58．From paragraph 4，we can knowB．
A．how long it takes for an elephant to learn a new sound
B．why the African elephant can make chirping sounds
C．why the Asian elephants make noises after sunset
D．how Asian and African elephants are alike
59．According to the passage，why do some animals like to be copycats？C
A．To keep in touch with nature．
B．To please people and other animals．
C．To make new friends and keep old ones．
D．To avoid the danger from the outside world．

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