题目内容

17.Etymology,the study of words and word roots,may sound like the kind of thing done by boring librarians in small,dusty rooms. Yet etymologists actually have a uniquely interesting job. They are in many ways just like archaeologists (考古学家) digging up the physical history of people and events. The special aspect of etymology is that it digs up history,so to speak,through the words and phrases that are left behind.
The English language,in particular,is a great field to explore history through words As a language,English has an extraordinary number of words. This is partly due to its ability to  adapt foreign words so readily. For example,"English"words such as kindergarten (from German),croissant (from French),and cheetah (from Hindi) have become part of the language with little or no change from their original sounds and spellings. So English-language etymologists have a vast world of words to explore.
Another enjoyable thing about etymology for most word experts is solving word mysteries(谜). No,etymologists do not go around solving murders,like the great detective Sherlock Holmes. What these word experts solve are mysterious origins of some of our most common words
One of the biggest questions English language experts have pursued is how English came to have the phrase OK. Though it is one of the most commonly used expressions,its exact beginning is a puzzle even to this day. Even its spelling is not entirely consistent-unless you spell it Okay,it is hard even to call it a word.
Etymologists have been able to narrow OK's origin down to a likely,although not certain,source(来源). It became widely used around the time of Martin Van Buren's run for president in 1840. His nickname was Old Kinderhook. What troubles word experts about this explanation is that the phrase appeared in some newspapers before Van Buren became well known. It is likely that Van Buren could be called its primary source Etymologists will doubtlessly keep searching for the initial source. However,it is clear that OK's popularity and reputation have topped those of the American president to whom it has been most clearly linked.

63. The author mentions the words like"croissant"in Paragraph 2to indicateC.
A. words have changed a lot in the two languages
B. what English-language etymologists are exploring now
C. English has absorbed many words from other foreign languages
D. the English vocabulary is difficult to the non-English-speaking people
64.The underlined word"pursued"in Paragraph 4meansB.
A. looked upon     B. dug up  C. put in  D. set down
65. We can learn from the passage that etymologistsA.
A. discover the possible origin of words
B. help detectives to solve mysterious murders
C. write interesting stories for some newspapers
D. explore the English language as well as the recent events
66. What is the main purpose of the passage?C
A. To present the history of English words
B. To explain the procedure of an etymologist's job
C. To introduce the pleasure of the study of words and word roots.
D. To teach readers how to distinguish English and non-English words.

分析 本文是语言知识文章阅读.本文主要告诉我们英语单词或词根给人们带来学习语言的快乐.

解答 63.答案    C    考查词义推测题.解析    A在两种语言中话语已经改变了很多;B现在英文词源学者正在开发的东西;C英语已经引进了许多的外来语言的单词;D对于不说英语的人们英语词汇很难.根据文章的第二段的have become part of the language with little or no change from their original sounds and spellings可知英语已经引进了太多的外来词.故选C.
64.答案    B    考查词义推测题.   A. looked upon看作;B. dug up挖掘;C. put in插进;D. set down放下.根据One of the biggest questions English language experts语言专家挖掘的最大问题之一,是OK一词,故选B.
65.答案    A    考查判断推理题.    根据文章最后一段的第一句话Etymologists have been able to narrow OK's origin down to a likely,although not certain,source和文章的第一句话Etymology,the study of words and word roots,may sound like the kind of thing done by boring librarians in small,dusty rooms可知语言学家就是发现词汇的来源.故选A.
66.答案    C    考查主旨大意题.   通读全文,并根据第二、三、四、五段可知介绍单词学习和词根的快乐.故选C.

点评 1)从意思上判断 在做题时最重要的是要读懂空白前后的句子,正确理解了这些句子后,根据意思的连贯性、逻辑性或者线索词从选项中选取正确答案.在读懂意思的基础上,再利用线索特征词等进一步确认答案.
2)从词汇上锁定线索 做保持对一些线索词的敏感是非常重要的,要好好关注空白前后的名词和动词,然后在选项中查找它们的近义词、反义词、同义词、同类词等.其次是一些专有名词,比如说数词、代词、时间、年代、地点/名称等.尤其是在读不懂句子的情况下,利用这样的线索词寻找答案是很有效的方法.
3)从关联词作为切入点 通常,英语的句段之间经常会运用关联词表示过渡和衔接,让文章的思路与更清楚、逻辑更连贯,因此文章中和选项中表示各种逻辑关系的路标性信号词在选择答案时都是很重要的线索.在做题时可将这三个层面的线索很好地结合起来.例如,在看到表示并列或递进关系的关联词时,一般表示前后句子的名词或句意具有同指性;而表示转折让步关系的词则往往表示前后句子的名词同指,但句意对立,或褒贬对立或肯否对立;而表示例证关系的词则意味着在举例之前或之后有表述概念或某一观点的句子,往往会有复数名词出现.

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Now,72years later,Ruth is re-enacting(重现) her story in a play.She is taking part in a production called Who Do We Think We Are.
In memory of the unforgettable days,Ruth is acting out the story of how she escaped from the Warsaw Ghetto(贫民窟).She lived there with her parents,who were later tragically taken to Treblinka,the concentration camp,where they were killed.She tells me:"The unfortunate story is that my father wanted to save me."
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32.Why did Ruth Posner hide her real identity?B
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B.Because she did so to escape being killed by Nazis.
C.Because she wallted to be a Pole.
D.Because she didn't like to be Jewish.
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A.is a play clirector
B.likes to put on plays
C.doesn't forget the miserable experience
D.lives with her parents
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B.Why the KNFB Reader app is developed
C.Smartphone app gives"sight"to the blind
D.How a reading app benefits all the disabled.
12.When I was 10 years old,I tried out for the cheerleading squad.I had taken gymnastics classes for two years to prepare for these tryouts.However,I didn't make the team.It was a heavy blow to me.I cried all night.
Kids today won't experience that kind of rejection.They're growing up in"everybody gets a turn"world where every child gets a chance to kick the ball,sing the song,and win the award.But that's not always such a good thing.
Parents have become fearful of letting kids fail,thinking that our children are easily hurt and will never recover from anything-that's a serious problem.Last week,my 7-year-old daughter didn't get into the school play.At first,I was upset by it.How would she react?When I gave her the news,I was ready to hug her and cry with her.She looked at me,made a slight face and said,"That's too bad.What's for dinner?"
It clearly wasn't the end of her world.Maybe if we let our kids experience rejection once in a while,we'd realize they are much stronger than we think.Kids need to be able to handle disappointments; doing so helps them to prepare for real life.Most importantly,rejection carries the possibility not only for growth and can also motivate kids to try harder the next time.
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A.show how her parents attached importance to her education
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C.introduce the topic of how to let kids face rejection in life
D.explain why children are easily hurt in the process of their growth
25.When failing to get into the school play,the author's 7-year-old daughterD.
A.felt greatly disappointed              
B.was upset about it
C.cried all night                      
D.thought nothing of it
26.1n the author's opinion,rejectionB.
A.is something that can be avoided in life
B.is good for the growth of the children
C.discourages children from learning new things
D.causes children to lose their confidence
27.What is important when we face rejection according to the last paragraph?A
A.Attitude.
B.Interest.
C.Health.
D.Memory.
2.Efficiency and productivity are the key factors in the workplace.Being noticed is essential for the employee to progress.What if you are shy?People often make assumptions that being shy means you can't complete a job as well as others and this can seriously hold you back.
A shy person is likely to be the one who works hard and struggles for a quiet life rather than being put in an awkward (令人不舒服的)) situation.Unfortunately it means that you may be the one who misses a promotion.Being shy means your boss is less likely to remember you despite your ability.You end up with the"reliable"one who will riot compete with others.
Communication is essential and while you may be a good listener it is important to make your voice heard.Shy people may have a lot of thoughts,but keeping their ideas to themselves is only to punish themselves when someone else receives praise for the same idea.Bosses may assume that you haven't the ability to think of ideas despite the fact that you have plenty but feel afraid to say them.If deals have to be made,your boss may think you won't be able to win over customers.
If you are unsure of carrying out a task and afraid of being laughed at,you will feel depressed.This could cause you not to complete the task effectively enough,Asking for help will ease the pressure.
Being shy can lead to missing a promotion and pay increase because you are afraid to ask.It could be the opportunity for the company to provide extra training for you.If you don't ask you will miss out on greater expertise (专业知识).
Find strategies to overcome your fears.The challenges may be something such as being the first one to speak to a colleague.The sense of achievement will be inspiring.Later on it could be suggesting at least one idea the next time there is a meeting.If you feel you have serious problems with shyness then try confidence training to help you.Making that decision to try could change your life.
53.According to the passage,a shy personB.
    A.often has low efficiency at work
    B.will not be regarded as abler than others
    C.will feel embarrassed in the workplace
    D.will be regarded as the most reliable employee
54.What can we infer from the passage?B
    A.People often look down upon a shy person.
    B.Shyness will prevent our career advancement.
    C.Bosses will never give important tasks to a shy person.
    D.A shy person will not ask for help when meeting difficulties.
55.To overcome our shyness at work,we canA.
    ①greet our colleagues actively
    ②declare what we're capable of to everyone
    ③get trained to increase our self-confidence
    ④put forward at least one idea during a meeting
    A.①③④B.①②④C.①②③D.②③④
56.What's the best title for passage?D
    A.How to overcome shyness?B.The character of a shy person
    C.The effects of being shy on people     D.Disadvantages of being shy at work.

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