14．Scientists have always been interested in the high level of organization in ant societies．America——青夏教育精英家教网—

14．Scientists have always been interested in the high level of organization in ant societies．American researchers have watched ants build life-saving rafts （筏子） to keep afloat during floods．They also have documented how ant colonies choose their next queen----the female whose job is to produce eggs．
New technology is helping to improve researchers'understanding of the insects．But there is still a lot to be learned．
Fire ants living in Brazilian forests are perfectly at home in an environment where flooding is common．To save themselves，the insects connect their legs together and create floating rafts．Some ant rafts can be up to 20centimeters wide．
David Hu who is a mechanical engineer with the Georgia Institute of Technology，also known as Georgia Tech，says，"If you have 100ants，which means 600legs，99percent of those legs will be connected to a neighbor．So they're very，very good at maintaining this network．"
David Hu and other Georgia Tech researchers wanted to study ants and the secret of their engineering．They froze ant rafts and then look at them with the help of computed technology，or CT，images．The pictures showed that larger ants serve in central positions to which smaller ants hold．The larger ants form pockets of air that keep the insects afloat．
Scientists say small robots or materials that can change shape could be programmed in a similar way，working towards a shared goal．
Researchers at North Carolina State University are also studying ants．They examined how Indian jumping ants choose the leader of the colony when they lose their top female or queen．Researcher Clint Penick says all the worker ants in the colony are females．His team found that the worker ants start a series of competitions or battles and that some workers become physically larger．

32．The duty of the queen ants is toD．
A．build rafts       B．keep organized
C．keep guard        D．lay eggs
33．The author takes fire ants as an example to tell usD．
A．how ants seek food perfectly
B．how ants connect their legs together
C．how ants communicate with each other
D．how ants save themselves from floods
34．Which of the following is true according to the passage？C
A．Ants know the way to form a harmonious society．
B．The Georgia Tech researchers first discovered Indian jumping ants．
C．Small and shape-changeable things might work just like ants do．
D．All the worker ants in the colony are physically larger．
35．What's the best title of the passage？A
A．Ants'Ability to Organize
B．Ants'Living Environment
C．The Life-saving Rafts of ants
D．The Election of the Queen Ant．

13．Garlic
Garlic，a common seasoning found in many different types of food，has a long medical and mythical history．References to garlic （25）are found（find） in Chinese texts that are dated as far back as 3000BC．The physician Hippocrates used garlic in ancient Greece （26）to treat（treat） infections and physical disorders．In many parts of ancient world，garlic was thought to avoid unfriendly spirits，treat wounds （27）as well as protect against disease．
Roman soldiers believed that garlic brought them courage and energy．They took it with them when they went into battle．Egyptians fed garlic to their servants when they built pyramids．They thought that it gave the workers strength．They also believed that garlic had magical and medicinal powers in the Middle Ages，people thought that garlic prevented the plague（瘟疫）．
People have praised the virtues of garlic for centuries．Garlic's popularity began to decline in the early years of the twentieth century，but its reputation （28）has been restored（restore） in recent years．It is now a valuable cash crop in the state of California．Nearly a half-billion pounds of garlic are produced there each year．The city of Gilroy，California，considers （29）itself the garlic capital of the world．Each year，the city hosts the Gilroy Garlic Festival in honor of the crop．
Some doctors are studying garlic's effects as a defense （30）against some forms of cancer．Others are exploring its possibilities for treating arthritis．Garlic has also received praise for its ability to lower high levels of cholesterol（胆固醇）．
（31）Although/Though some of the medicinal benefits of garlic have yet to be proven，it is certain（32）that many people enjoy the flavour that it adds to food．

12．Believe it or not，optical illusion（错觉） can cut highway crashes．
Japan is a case in point．It has reduced automobile crashes on some roads by nearly 75percent using a simple optical illusion．But stripes，called chevrons（人字形），painted on the roads make drivers think that they are driving faster than they really are，and thus drivers slow down．
Now the American Automobile Association Foundation for Traffic Safety in Washington D．C．is planning to repeat Japan's success．Starting next year，the foundation will paint chevrons and other patterns of stripes on selected roads around the country to test how well the patterns reduce highway crashes．
Excessive （too great） speed plays a major role in as much as one fifth of all fatal traffic accidents，according to the foundation．To help reduce those accidents，the foundation will conduct its tests in areas where speed-related hazards （danger） are the greatest curves （曲线），exit slopes，traffic circles，and bridges．
Some studies suggest that straight，horizontal bars painted across roads can initially（最初） cut the average speed of drivers in half．However，traffic often returns to full speed within months as drivers become used to seeing the painted bars．
Chevrons，scientists say，not only give drivers the impression that they are driving faster than they really are but also make a lane appear to be narrower．The result is a longer lasting reduction in highway speed and the number of traffic accidents．

51．The passage mainly discussesA．
A．a new way of highway speed control
B．a new pattern for painting highways
C．a new way of training drivers
D．a new type of optical illusion
52．On roads painted with chevrons，drivers tend to feel thatC．
A．they should avoid speed-related hazards
B．they are driving in the wrong lane
C．they should slow down their speed
D．they are coming near to the speed limit
53．The advantage of chevrons over straight，horizontal bars is that the formerD．
A．can keep drivers awake
B．can cut road accidents in half
C．will look more attractive
D．will have a longer effect on drivers
54．The American Automobile Association Foundation for Traffic Safety plans toA．
A．try out the Japanese method in certain areas
B．change the road signs across the country
C．replace straight，horizontal bars with chevrons
D．repeat the Japanese road patterns
55．What does the author say about straight，horizontal bars painted across roads？C
A．They are suitable only on broad roads．
B．They are falling out of use in the United States．
C．They are ignored in a long period of time．
D．They cannot be used successfully to traffic circles．

11．Last week I stopped at a red light．To my left stood a young woman．She had a look of （21）Con her face，ragged clothes，and a sign that （22）B，"Just need a little help．Thank you．"I was（23）D drawn to her．I had no cash in my（24）A．Instead，I gathered all the change I had in my car．I rolled my （25）B down．"Hi．What's your name？"I asked．"Joyce，"she （26）Cwith caution in her voice．"Hi，Joyce，I'm Kelley．"I （27）C my arm to give her a handshake．She unwillingly（28）Dmy hand．"It's nice to meet you．I wish I had （29）B to help you with but this is all I have right now．"She pleasantly （30）Dher hands and （31）A the coins．She started telling me how their house was burned down last year and they （32）B everything．With no insurance and both losing their jobs，they were starting over．
All week I drove by that place hoping to see Joyce and give her more．One week later，I was the first in （33）Dat the red light and as I（34）A the light I smiled．There was Joyce．I asked her what her （35）Cwere．She said that one of her relatives lived in Texas and （36）Da few rental houses，and she had agreed to let them stay in one until they got （37）B．"I have a little something to help you（38）Athere，"and I gave her a 20-dollar bill．"We all need a little help every now and then，don't we？"We both smiled and nodded in （39）A．
Who knows if I'll ever see her again？But I know at that moment she smiled and she knew that things really were going to get better for her．And seeing her smile and the hope in her eyes is what I needed to （40）Cmy trouble in life．

21．A．pride	B．satisfaction	C．sadness	D．puzzle
22．A．told	B．read	C．wrote	D．showed
23．A．luckily	B．generally	C．slowly	D．automatically
24．A．wallet	B．home	C．office	D．car
25．A．door	B．window	C．curtains	D．sleeves
26．A．explained	B．argued	C．responded	D．repeated
27．A．put away	B．put up	C．put out	D．put aside
28．A．folded	B．raised	C．pressed	D．shook
29．A．less	B．more	C．fewer	D．most
30．A．raised	B．gave	C．reac hed	D．cupped
31．A．accepted	B．spread	C．collected	D．threw
32．A．got	B．lost	C．sold	D．missed
33．A．fact	B．time	C．turn	D．line
34．A．approached	B．left	C．discovered	D．broke
35．A．beliefs	B．dreams	C．plans	D．projects
36．A．built	B．chose	C．sold	D．owned
37．A．truth	B．jobs	C．benefits	D．support
38．A．get	B．escape	C．pass	D．survive
39．A．agreement	B．doubt	C．demand	D．surprise
40．A．run into	B．hold back	C．get through	D．put off

10．

Even as Google plans to test its fleet（车队）of self-driving cars on public roads this summer，its business model remains a bit of a mystery．By 2025，as many as 250，000self-driving vehicles could be sold each year globally，according to a study by an industry research firm．
"Vehicles that can take anyone from A to B at the push of a button could transform mobility for millions of people，"said Chris Urmson，director of Google's self-driving car project．For now，Google has no plans to sell any of its self-driving cars．They are strictly for research．But they will hit public roads this summer near Google's headquarters in Mountain View，California．Previous testing has taken place only on closed courses．
The cars are built to operate without a steering wheel，accelerator（油门）or brake pedal．"Our software and sensors do all the work，"Urmson said．"The vehicles will be very basic-we want to learn from them and adapt them as quickly as possible-but they will take you where you want to go at the push of a button．"The prototype（雏形）are the first of a 100-car fleet the tech giant is building．
In the long run，Urmson sees a future of safer roads-the majority of auto accidents are caused by human error-and fewer traffic jams．Robotic cars could also shuttle people who can't drive because of age or illness．
Google has said that self-driving cars could launch new business models in which people buy the use of vehicles they don't own．The company has already tested other types of self-driving cars on public streets，including modified Lexus sport-utility vehicles，under a special permit program by the California Department of Motor Vehicles that requires a human driver at the controls．
The state has issued six other companies permits to operate such cars，including Delphi，Mercedes-Benz，Volkswagen，Tesla，Bosch and Nissan．The vehicles that will be tested on open roads this summer will have removable steering wheels，accelerators and brake pedals to allow"safety drivers"to take control if needed．
Google says the cars are safe．The vehicles have sensors that"can detect objects out to a distance of more than two football fields in all directions，which is especially helpful on busy streets with lots of intersections，"Urmson said．"We're looking forward to learning how the community understands and interacts with the vehicles，and to uncovering challenges that are unique to a fully self-driving vehicle，"Urmson said．

63．The passage informs us that self-driving carsA．
A．will probably decrease traffic jams
B．have already passed necessary tests
C．have been purchased by some companies
D．will be able to communicate with drivers
64．According to Chris Urmson，A．
A．software and sensors are vital for self-driving cars
B．self-driving cars can give driving orders to humans
C．self-driving cars are specially designed for the elderly
D．ordinary vehicles will be replaced by self-driving cars
65．The underlined word"intersections"in the last paragraph probably meansC．
A．accidents B．buildings C．crossings D．vehicles
66．What is the best title for this passage？D
A．Self-driving Car Avoids Human Errors
B．Self-driving Car Meets New Challenges
C．Google's Self-driving Car Enjoys Global Popularity
D．Google's Self-driving Car Graduates to City Streets．

9．Music for Humans and Humpback Whales
As researchers conclude in Science，the love of music is not only a universal feature of the human species，but is also deeply fixed in complex structures of the human brain，and is far more ancient than previously suspected．
In the articles that discuss the field of bio-musicology，the study of the biological basis for the creation and appreciation of music，researchers present various evidence to，show that music-making is at once an original human"business"，and an art form with skillful performers throughout the animal kingdom．
The new reports stress that humans hold no copyright on sound wisdom，and that a number of nonhuman animals produce what can rightly be called music，rather than random sound．Recent in-depth analyses of the songs sung by humpback whales show that，even when their organ would allow them to do otherwise，the animals converge on the same choices relating to sounds and beauty，and accept the same laws of song composition as those preferred by human musicians，and human ears，everywhere．
For example，male humpback whales，who spend six months of each year doing little else but singing，use rhythms （节奏） similar to those found in human music and musical phrases of similar length-a few seconds．Whales are able to make sounds over a range of at least seven octaves （八度音阶），yet they tend to move on through a song in beautiful musical intervals，rather than moving forwards madly．They mix the sounds like drums and pure tones in a ratio （比例） which agrees with that heard in much western music．They also use a favorite technique of human singers，the so-called A-B-A form，in which a theme is stated，then developed，and then returned to in slightly revised form．
Perhaps most impressive，humpback songs contain tunes that rhyme．"This suggests that whales use rhyme in the same way we do：as a technique in poem to help them remember complex material，"the researchers write．

63．The underlined words"converge on"in Paragraph 3probably meansA．
A．tend towards  B．refer to  C．turn into  D．put forward
64．Which of the following shows the advanced musical ability in humpback whales？B
A．They can remember complex material．
B．They can create pleasing patterns of music．
C．They can make sounds like drums continuously．
D．They can sing along with rhythms of western music．
65．What is the main idea of the article？D
A．Animals are able to compose and enjoy music like humans．
B．Human beings borrow ideas in music from humpback whales．
C．Humpback whales are skillful performers in the animal kingdom．
D．Music-making it an ancient activity of both humans and animals．
66．The main purpose of the passage is toB．
A．argue and discuss        B．inform and explain
C．compare and advertise    D．examine and assess．

8．Researchers continue to show the power behind our sense of smell．Recent studies have found，among other things，that the smell of foods like pizza can cause uncontrollable anger in drivers on roads．
The review explains that smell is unique in its effects on the brain．According to Conrad King，the researcher who carried out the review，"more than any other senses，the sense of smell goes through the logical part of the brain and acts on the systems concerned with feelings．This is why the smell of baking bread can destroy the best intentions of a dieter．"
Smell，which dictates the unbelievable complexity of food tastes，has always been the least understood of our senses．Our noses are able to detect up to 10，000distinct smells．Our ability to smell and taste this extremely large range of smells is controlled by something like 1，000genes （基因），which make up an amazing 3% of the human genome．Researchers Richard Axel and Linda Buck were together awarded a Nobel Prize in 2004for their ground-breaking research on the nature of this extraordinary sense．These two scientists were the first to describe the family of 1，000olfactory （嗅觉） genes and to explain how our olfactory system works．
According to one study in the research review，smelling fresh pizza or even the packaging of fast foods can be enough to make drivers feel impatient with other road users．They are then more likely to speed and experience uncontrollable anger on roads．The most reasonable explanation is that these can all make drivers feel hungry，and therefore desperate to satisfy their appetites．
In contrast，the smells of peppermint and cinnamon were shown to improve concentration levels as well as reduce drivers'impatience．Similarly，the smells of lemon and coffee appeared to promote clear thinking and mental focus．
However，the way genes regulate smell differs from person to person．A study by researchers in Israel has identified at least 50olfactory genes which are switched on in some people and not in others．They believe this may explain why some of us love some smells and tastes while others hate them．The Israel researchers say their study shows that nearly every human being shows a different pattern of active and inactive smell-detecting receptors．

63．What did Richard Axel and Linda Buck find out？C
A．The category of food smells．
B．The logical part of human brain．
C．The nature of human olfactory system．
D．The relationship between food and feelings．
64．Which of the following can help people concentrate？C
A．Bread． B．Fruits． C．Coffee． D．Fast food．
65．What do we know from the last paragraph？C
A．Some people can recognize up to 50smells．
B．Every person has a different pattern of genes．
C．Different people are sensitive to different smells．
D．There are still some olfactory genes to be found out．
66．What is the passage mainly about？B
A．Logic and behaviour．
B．Smell and its influence．
C．Sense ability and food tastes．
D．Olfactory genes and its system．

7．What we know of prenatal development makes all this attempt made by a mother to mold the character of her unborn child by studying poetry，art，or mathematics during pregnancy seem totally impossible．How could such extremely complex influences pass from the mother to the child？There is no connection between their nervous systems．Even the blood vessels of mother and child do not join directly．An emotional shock to the mother will affect her child，because it changes the activity of her glands （腺体） and so the chemistry of her blood．Any chemical change in the mother's blood will affect the child for better or worse．But we can not see how a looking for mathematics or poetic genius can be dissolved in blood and produce a similar liking or genius in the child．
In our discussion of instincts we saw that there was reason to believe that whatever we inherit must be of some very simple sort rather than any complicated or very definite kind of behavior．It is certain that no one inherits a knowledge of mathematics．It may be，however，that children inherit more or less of a rather general ability that we may call intelligence．If very intelligent children become deeply interested in mathematics，they will probably make a success of that study．
As for musical ability，it may be that what is inherited is an especially sensitive ear，a peculiar structure of the hands or the vocal organs connections between nerves and muscles that make it comparatively easy to learn the movements a musician must execute，and particularly vigorous emotions．If these factors are all organized around music，the child may become a musician．The same factors，in other circumstance might be organized about some other center of interest．The rich emotional equipment might find expression in poetry．The capable fingers might develop skill in surgery．It is not the knowledge of music that is inherited，then nor even the love of it，but a certain bodily structure that makes it comparatively easy to acquire musical knowledge and skill．Whether that ability shall be directed toward music or some other undertaking may be decided entirely by forces in the environment in which a child grows up．

74．Which of the following statements is not true？B
A．Some mothers try to influence their unborn children by studying art and other subjects
during their pregnancy．
B．It is totally impossible for us to learn anything about prenatal development．
C．The blood vessels of mother and child do not join directly．
D．There are no connection between mother's nervous systems and her unborn child's．
75．A mother will affect her unborn baby on the condition thatA．
A．she is emotionally shocked
B．she has a good knowledge of inheritance
C．she takes part in all kind of activities
D．she sticks to studying
76．According to the passage，a child may inheritC．
A．everything from his mother
B．a knowledge of mathematics
C．a rather general ability that we call intelligence
D．her mother's musical ability
77．Which of the following is the best title for the passage？A
A．Role of Inheritance
B．An Unborn Child
C．Function of instincts
D．Inherited Talents．

6．Shanxi noodles：A matter worth being proud of
A commonly used greeting in China is the question，"Have you eaten？"It indicates the（41）importance（important） of food in China．The Chinese are（42）extremely （extreme） proud of their cuisine（烹饪）．For example，Shanxi takes full advantage．It is famous for its noodles （43）made （make） of wheat．It has a recorded history of more than 2，000years in making wheat-flour noodles．
Every kind of noodle imaginable can be found in Shanxi．Even Marco Polo （44）was inspired （inspire） by the making of the Shanxi noodles，which led him to take the recipes back to Italy and Europe．（45）The most popular Shanxi noodle is the daoxiaomian．This noodle is shaved from a giant block of dough（面团） hoisted over the chef's shoulder．The noodles are shaved off directly into boiling water．There is a phrase （46）that/whichdescribes the noodle-making process："One noodle in the （47）boiling （boil） water，one flying in the air，and one just being cut"．
The noodles are usually served in a small bowl，mixed （48）withfresh vegetables．As a special refinement，you can put some Shanxi vinegar on top．The extra aged vinegar is a typical product of the region as well．
One can find handmade noodles all over China today，（49）butShanxi province is special．It's （50）where the art of noodle-making reached its top．

5．When you want to find a job，you have to face the employer and you must know how to
introduce yourself well．Then you will be lucky enough．
The first impressions can play a major role in how an employer like you as a candidate（求职者）．What you say during the first step of the interview may make a big difference．In fact，some hiring managers may make a decision to refuse a candidate based on what they didn't do when you met them．That's why it's important to pay attention to interview manners and to carefully think through how you will introduce yourself during a job interview．
When arriving at the interview site you can introduce yourself to the receptionist （接待员） by giving your name and telling the purpose of your visit．For example："My name is Tim Jones and I have an interview scheduled with John Smith at 2pm．"You will be guided into the interview room or the hiring manager will come out to meet you in the reception area．Again，take the time to introduce yourself so the interviewer knows who you are．
Offer to shake hands，even if the interviewer doesn't offer his hand first．Tell the interviewer that it is a pleasure to meet him．Smile，and be sure to make eye contact．
Many hiring managers will start an interview with an open-ended question like"Tell me about yourself．"Your response should focus on the key elements in your background．You should carefully analyze the job first to the interviewer，and you can point out the interests，skills，experiences，and personal qualities．
Your introduction should be brief enough to hold the interest of the interviewer so that you can move on to the next question．Your goal is to connect personally with the interviewer as well as to show that you're qualified for the job．Of course，your comments should show your enthusiasm for the job and organization．However，don't overdo it and don't spend too much time talking about yourself．
60．What is the purpose of the author to write this passage？B
A．To tell candidates how to go to a reception desk．
B．To tell candidates how to introduce themselves when finding a job．
C．To give some suggestions on how to be a good interviewer．
D．To give some tips on how to be a good receptionist．
61．If the interviewer doesn't offer his hand first，you shouldC．
A．ask the interviewer an open-ended question
B．shake hands without looking at the interviewer
C．offer your hand before the interviewer
D．introduce yourself briefly first
62．The passage is very useful forA．
A．anyone who will go to an interview
B．a future receptionist
C．a hiring manager
D．anyone who wants to visit a company．

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