14．It is generally believed that we are getting cleaned when we step under a shower．We are.but we're——青夏教育精英家教网——

It is generally believed that we are getting cleaned when we step under a shower．We are，but we're also giving a home to lots of tiny little creatures we didn't even know about．A showerhead carries thousands of bacteria called Mycobacterium．These can cause problems like coughs and tiredness，and a general feeling of poorliness （身体不舒服）．When you turn on the water，the bacteria go from the showerhead onto and into your body．
This is a finding of Norman R．Pace and his team at the University of Colorado，in the US．The scientists investigated bacteria in all kinds of human environment，including showers．Pace's team looked at 45showerheads in nine American cities．They discovered that 30percent of them had large amounts of flying Mycobacterium．
But Pace said that they pose few threats to the health．Only those with a weak immune system might need to worry．He told the New York Times that the bacteria are not as unpleasant as might be thought．He said that having a shower is no more dangerous than anything else we do in the morning．
But for those who feel sick about the idea of all those microorganisms （微生物），he had some advice．Let the water run for 30seconds before getting into the shower．Why？The number of bacteria is smaller than that when the water is just turned on．If that seems like a waste of water，he added that you could also change your showerhead every few months．
However，Pace had good news too．He has also been testing the air in US subways．Apart from iron particles （粒子），which are ground off the track by the wheels of trains，subway air is fresh．The reason is that a train's movement pumps fresh outdoor air into the tunnels．
Pace explained that he wanted to understand the natural microbial environments of public places．This kind of knowledge might help discover the microbes to be used in a bioterrorist （生物恐怖分子） attack．

56．From the finding of Norman R．Pace，after taking a shower，we might cough or feel tired
becauseB．
A．it's easy to get a cold when taking a bath
B．the showerhead carries many bacteria causing illness
C．we don't get cleaned while showering
D．we don't get a weak immune system
57．According to the passage，which of the following is TRUE？D．
A．Hot water could kill most of bacteria in showerheads．
B．Of 45showerheads surveyed in nine cities，30carried large amounts of Mycobacterium．
C．Changing showerheads is the only way to avoid microorganisms．
D．Shower water contains much less bacteria after being left to run for 30seconds．
58．We can learn from the third paragraph thatC．
A．having a shower in the morning is more dangerous than at other time
B．the bacteria always threat people's health
C．there is no reason to fear microorganisms for people with strong immune system
D．it is better to do some exercise in the morning than have a shower
59．The underlined word"pose"in the third paragraph probably means"A"．
A．cause B．avoid C．describe D．promise
60．What contributes to fresh air in US subways？A．
A．The train's movement．B．Iron particles．
C．Train wheels．D．Air conditioners on the trains．

13．Foxes and farmers have never got on well．These small dog-like animals have long been accused of killing farm animals．They are officially classified as harmful and farmers try to keep their numbers down by shooting or poisoning them．
Farmers can also call on the services of their local hunt to control the fox population．Hunting consists of pursuing a fox across the countryside，with a group of specially trained dogs，followed by men and women riding horses．When the dogs eventually catch the fox they kill it or a hunter shoots it．
People who take part in hunting think of as a sport； they wear a special uniform of red coats and white trousers，and follow strict codes of behavior．But owning a horse and hunting regularly is expensive，so most hunters are wealthy．
It is estimated that up to 100，000 people watch or take part in fox hunting．But over the last couple of decades the number of people opposed to fox hunting，because they think it is cruel，has risen sharply．Nowadays it is rare for a hunt to pass off without some kind of conflict between hunters and hunt saboteurs （阻拦者）．Sometimes these incidents lead to violence，but mostly saboteurs attempt to stop the hunt by misleading riders and disturbing the trail of the fox's smell，which the dogs follow．
Noisy conflicts between hunters and saboteurs have become so common that they are almost as much a part of hunting as running after foxes itself．But this year supporters of fox hunting face a much bigger threat to their sport．A Labor Party Member of the Parliament（议会），Mike Foster，is trying to get Parliament to approve a new law which will make the hunting of wild animals with dogs illegal．If the law is passed，wild animals like foxes will be protected under the ban in Britain．
31．Why are foxes considered as harmful animals？D
A．Because they can't get on well with farmers．
B．Because they are very cruel．
C．Because they are shot by hunters．
D．Because they kill farm animals．
32．British hunters have been hunting foxesA
A．for recreation
B．for the benefit of the farmers
C．to limit the fox population
D．to show off their wealth
33．How do fox hunting saboteurs often prevent foxes being hunted？B
A．By means of violence
B．By confusing the fox hunters．
C．By taking illegal action
D．By making laws．
34．Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage？A
A．Only the rich can be regular fox hunters．
B．Hunters kill foxes by shooting or poisoning them．
C．Hunting foxes has some rules to follow．
D．More and more British people object to fox hunting．
35．What can be inferred from the last paragraph？D
A．Mike Foster is a firm supporter of fox hunting．
B．Fox hunters and saboteurs seldom have conflicts nowadays．
C．The law to ban hunting wild animals will be passed in Britain this year．
D．As a sport，fox hunting may disappear in Britain in the future．

12．Our world is a noisy place，but quiet places remain．Eight years ago，audio （声音的） engineer Gordon Hempton identified the quietest place in the continental United States．He calls the place"One Square Inch of Silence．"He has used his symbolic spot in a northwestern rain forest to campaign against noise pollution．But the self-described"Sound Tracker"is now going deaf．
    For Gordon Hempton，it started with an experience known to many people．"I was lying in the bed in the springtime about a year ago．The sun was shining．The birds could be singing．They should be singing．But I was hearing none．I knew my life was going to be different．"
    Hempton's eyes get watery as he describes his cruel situation．More than 20 years ago he trademarked his nickname as"The Sound Tracker．"Sharp hearing defined his career as an Emmy award winning sound recordist．It also led to his activism against noise pollution．He has circled the globe three times in search of the perfect sounds of nature．
    Hempton says his hearing loss is quickly getting worse but he has to finish his project．
"I am running a race to finish the Quiet Planet collection．"That's the title of a planned 19-volume set of nature recordings．The sound tracks could be licensed for use in movies，video games，exhibits，plays and the like．Volunteer assistants now help Hempton review and edit sound files and identify imperfections．
    The exact cause of his hearing loss is not clear．Doctors say it may be the result of an infection，or a tumor （肿瘤） or a combination of things．Hempton is self-employed．His health care plan does not pay for hearing loss treatment．So，for now，he's directing his attention to completing his"greatest hits"album．"After I get it finished，I have an economic cash flow to get my hearing back．That's the first thing on my to-do list．"He's hopeful his hearing loss can be recovered．
61．What do we know about Gordon Hempton according to the text？C
A．He never won an Emmy award
B．He fights against air pollution．
C．He works as an audio engineer
D．He likes living in the United States．
62．How did Gordon Hempton feel when he knew his ears were going deaf？D
A．Curious
B．Inspired
C．Annoyed
D．Sad．
63．What contributed most to his successful career？A
A．His sharp hearing
B．His reliable assistants．
C．Travelling experiences
D．The sounds of nature．
64．What is Gordon Hempton doing now？D
A．Listening to the birds in the forest
B．Receiving medical care in the hospital．
C．Doing activities for noise pollution
D．Working on the Quiet Planet collection．
65．What may be the best title of the text？B
A．Searching for the sound of nature
B．Successful Sound-Tracker going deaf．
C．Deaf fighter against noise pollution
D．Hoping to get the hearing back．

11．Although they are an inexpensive supplier of vitamins，minerals，and high-quality protein，eggs also contain a high level of blood cholesterol（胆固醇），one of the major causes of heart disease．One egg yolk，in fact，contains a little more than two-thirds of the suggested daily cholesterol limit．
    This knowledge has caused egg sales to drop in recent years，which in turn has brought about the development of several alternatives to eating regular eggs．One alternative is to eat substitute eggs．These egg substitutes are not real eggs，but they look somewhat like eggs when they are cooked．They have the advantage of having lower cholesterol rates，and they can be scrambled or used in baking．One disadvantage，however，is that they are not good for frying，poaching，or boiling．A second alternative to regular eggs is a new type of eggs，sometimes called"designer''eggs．These eggs are produced by hens that are fed low-fat diets consisting of ingredients such as canola oil，flax，and rice bran．In spite of their diets，however，these hens produce eggs that contain the same amount of cholesterol as regular eggs．Yet，producers of these eggs claim that eating their eggs will not raise the blood cholesterol in humans．
    Egg producers claim that their product has been described unfairly．They use scientific studies to back up their claim．And in tact studies on the relationship between eggs and human cholesterol levels have brought mixed results．It may be that it is not the type of egg that is the main determinant of cholesterol but the person who is eating the eggs．Some people may be more sensitive to cholesterol from food than other people．In fact，there is evidence that certain dietary fats stimulate the body's production of blood cholesterol．Consequently，while it still makes sense to limit one's intake of eggs，even designer eggs，it seems that doing this without regulating dietary fat will probably not help reduce the blood cholesterol level．
46．According to this passage，which of the following is a cause of heart disease？B
A．High-quality protein
B．Cholesterol
C．Canola oil
D．Minerals
47．The main cause of the recent drop in egg sales isD．
A．the production of substitute eggs and designer eggs
B．the changes in hen's diet
C．the increasing price
D．People's knowledge of the high level of blood cholesterol in eggs
48．Which is the best way to cook substitute eggs？B
A．Boiling．    B．Baking．    C．Frying．D．Poaching．
49．What's the main purpose of this passage？C
A．To advertise for substitute eggs．
B．To warn people of the danger of heart disease by eating eggs．
C．To inform people of the relationship between eggs and cholesterol．
D．To tell people that fat intake is more dangerous than egg intake．
50．Which of the following statements is NOT true？C
A．It has been proved that some dietary fats stimulate the body's production of blood cholesterol．
B．Some people are insensitive to cholesterol from food．
C．It is the type of egg that determines the level of cholesterol in one's body．
D．Controlling one's intake of eggs and dietary fat is likely to reduce blood cholesterol．

10．The quality of drinking water in Shanghai will meet European Union standard soon and，a decade later，citizens in Shanghai will drink the best water in the world．
These were the goals set out by the Shanghai Water Authority．With the city's population expected to increase only slightly and the economy to boom by 2020，Chen Yin，an official with the water authority，said Shanghai's water use will not increase from its present amount．
Zhang Yue，director of the Urban Construction Division under the Ministry of Construction，said，"Shanghai is the first city in the country to publicize these goals．They will not be easy to achieve．"
He said water saving will help keep the sustainable（可持续的） development of China's economy．
Saving one cubic meter of water means saving the city's infrastructure（基础设施）costs by 10，000 Yuan．Last year，Shanghai saved 300 million cubic meters of water either from readjustment of industrial structure or the use of new technology．
"The aim is to arouse public awareness of the seriousness of water shortages，"Chen said．"The rich surface water and amount of rain of the city are so misleading that they result in improper use of water．"
Shanghai lacks drinkable water．The Huangpu River，which supplies 80 percent of the city's drinkable water，is drying up．
The city，therefore，has been exploring new sources from the Yangtze River and growing forests along it to hold quality water．
Besides，the authority is popularizing technology among the public to efficiently cut the amount of water used．
At present，the city has 600，000 family toilets，each using 13 liters of water per flush．These are to be renovated（整修）to use only 9 liters of water per flush．
The authority is renovating the first 200 toilets for households-at a cost of 40 Yuan each．
In three years，all the toilets will be renovated，which saves the city nearly 15 million Yuan every year in water use．
Another task is the treatment of the waste water to improve the water environment．
At present the city can only treat 44 percent of its daily 5.04 million tons of waste water．To meet the total demand，27 more treatment factories are to be set up with an estimated investment of 18 billion Yuan．
32．Some people in Shanghai use water improperly becauseA．
A．the rich surface water and large amount of rain mislead them
B．their family toilets can save plenty of water
C．the waste water has already been treated
D．new technology provide people with water as much as possible
33．The authority begins to renovate the toilets for households toB．
A．make people live more conveniently
B．meet people's need of water
C．make people's living standards better
D．reduce employment pressure
34．Which of the following measures are all mentioned in the passage to save water？
D
a．Introducing or using some new technology．
b．Improving drinking water quality．
c．Changing some industrial structure．
d．Renovating some family toilets．
e．Building more waste water treatment factories．
f．Speeding the economic development of Shanghai．
A．a，b，c，d B．b，c，e，f C．b，c，d，e D．a，c，d，e
35．We can infer from the passage thatC．
A．Shanghai will need a much larger amount of water in the future
B．people in Shanghai can drink the best water in the world today
C．not all the people in Shanghai today know water shortage
D．all the family toilets will be renovated to save water in 3 years．

9．BANGKOK-The tiny island nation of Tuvalu has promised to do its part for climate change by fueling its economy entirely from renewable sources by 2020．
The South Pacific nation of 12，000people is part of a movement of countries and cities committed to going climate neutral．Since February 2008，10nations have promised to reduce their emission（释放）of greenhouse gases as part of a goal of reaching zero emissions in the next decade．
None of these commitments alone is expected to make a significant difference in the fight to cut heat-trapping gases．But the moves can inspire bigger emitters（排放者）like the United States to take further steps to limit their carbon footprints．
Climate scientists have urged rich countries to reduce emissions from 2005levels by between 25percent and 40percent by 2020to avoid the worst effect of warming．For its parts，Tuvalu hopes to replace the fossil fuels that are imported by ship with solar energy and wind power soon．
Tuvalu already emits almost no greenhouse gases．But because of climate change，many South Pacific islands see worsening flooding．The country is just 10square miles in size，with most of its land less than a meter above sea level．
So far，Tuvalu has equipped a 40-kilowatt solar energy system with the help of Japan's Kansai Electric Power Co．and Tokyo Electric Power Company．The Tuvalu government is working to expand the $410，000project from 40to 60kilowatts，and will extend solar power to outer islands．
"We thank those countries who are helping Tuvalu reduce its carbon footprint，"Public Utilities and Industries Minister Kausea Natano said．"And we look forward to the day when our nation offers an example to all-powered entirely by natural resources such as the sun and the wind．"

53．What is the main energy source in Tuvalu at present？B
A．Solar energy
B．Imported fossil fuels
C．Wind powder
D．Local fossil fuels
54．For Tuvalu，the biggest trouble now is thatA．
A．it is under threat from rising sea level
B．it lacks enough natural resources
C．Climate change affects its economy
D．it lacks clean power equipment
55．What can we learn from the passage？C
A．It is impossible for Tuvalu to realize its goal．
B．The world will see zero emissions in ten years．
C．Tuvalu imports technology to reduce emissions．
D．Big countries haven't started to reduce emissions．
56．The best title for the passage might be"D"．
A．Climate change threatens small island nations
B．island nations urge big countries to reduce emission
C．Countries unite to reduce greenhouse gases
D．An island nation will only use green power．

8．Sherry：Hey，Bab．（6）FI'm going to Quebec next summer．I'd also like to do some sightseeing．
Bob：（7）BSherry．But do you mean the province of Quebec or Quebec City？
Sherry：I mean the province．
Bob：（8）G
Sherry：Well，（9）DMy French is okay，but not that good．I know most people there speak French，but can also use English．
Bob：Well，but you'll hear French most of the time and all the street signs are in French．So you'd better practice your French before you go．
Sherry：（10）E What about Quebec City？
Bob：It's a beautiful city，very old．You'll love it there．
Sherry：Fantastic!I can't wait to go．

A．I appreciate your help．
B．That's nice．
C．What about going to Quebec？
D．Do you think I can manage it in English？
E．Good advice．
F．Guess what？
G．Oh，I have got it．

7．finished（　　）

6．leather（　　）

5．shout（　　）

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