题目内容

14.It is generally believed that we are getting cleaned when we step under a shower.We are,but we're also giving a home to lots of tiny little creatures we didn't even know about.A showerhead carries thousands of bacteria called Mycobacterium.These can cause problems like coughs and tiredness,and a general feeling of poorliness (身体不舒服).When you turn on the water,the bacteria go from the showerhead onto and into your body.
This is a finding of Norman R.Pace and his team at the University of Colorado,in the US.The scientists investigated bacteria in all kinds of human environment,including showers.Pace's team looked at 45showerheads in nine American cities.They discovered that 30percent of them had large amounts of flying Mycobacterium.
But Pace said that they  pose few threats to the health.Only those with a weak immune system might need to worry.He told the New York Times that the bacteria are not as unpleasant as might be thought.He said that having a shower is no more dangerous than anything else we do in the morning.
But for those who feel sick about the idea of all those microorganisms (微生物),he had some advice.Let the water run for 30seconds before getting into the shower.Why?The number of bacteria is smaller than that when the water is just turned on.If that seems like a waste of water,he added that you could also change your showerhead every few months.
However,Pace had good news too.He has also been testing the air in US subways.Apart from iron particles (粒子),which are ground off the track by the wheels of trains,subway air is fresh.The reason is that a train's movement pumps fresh outdoor air into the tunnels.
Pace explained that he wanted to understand the natural microbial environments of public places.This kind of knowledge might help discover the microbes to be used in a bioterrorist (生物恐怖分子) attack.

56.From the finding of Norman R.Pace,after taking a shower,we might cough or feel tired
becauseB.
A.it's easy to get a cold when taking a bath
B.the showerhead carries many bacteria causing illness
C.we don't get cleaned while showering
D.we don't get a weak immune system
57.According to the passage,which of the following is TRUE?D.
A.Hot water could kill most of bacteria in showerheads.
B.Of 45showerheads surveyed in nine cities,30carried large amounts of Mycobacterium.
C.Changing showerheads is the only way to avoid microorganisms.
D.Shower water contains much less bacteria after being left to run for 30seconds.
58.We can learn from the third paragraph thatC.
A.having a shower in the morning is more dangerous than at other time
B.the bacteria always threat people's health
C.there is no reason to fear microorganisms for people with strong immune system
D.it is better to do some exercise in the morning than have a shower
59.The underlined word"pose"in the third paragraph probably means"A".
A.cause                B.avoid       C.describe           D.promise
60.What contributes to fresh air in US subways?A.
A.The train's movement.B.Iron particles.
C.Train wheels.D.Air conditioners on the trains.

分析 本文主要介绍了Norman R.Pace和他的团队发现的结果,大多数淋浴头含有致病的细菌,但是这不会对人的健康有危害,但是免疫力差的人要注意,他还研究了美国的地铁,结果发现,地铁里面的空气是新鲜的.

解答 56.B 细节理解题.根据第一段A showerhead carries thousands of bacteria called Mycobacterium.These can cause problems like coughs and tiredness,and a general feeling of poorliness (身体不舒服).可知根据Norman R.Pace 的发现,我们在洗过澡后会感冒会咳嗽,因为淋浴头会携带很多致病的细菌.故选B.
57.D 细节理解题.根据第四段But for those who feel sick about the idea of all those microorganisms (微生物),he had some advice.Let the water run for 30seconds before getting into the shower.Why?The number of bacteria is smaller than that when the water is just turned on.可知淋浴水在流了30秒后,细菌就少多了.故选D.
58.C 推理判断题.根据第三段Only those with a weak immune system might need to worry.可知对免疫力强的人没有必要害怕微生物.故选C.
59.A 词义辨析题.根据第三段But Pace said that they pose few threats to the health.可知这些微生物对健康几乎不能造成威胁.所以pose相当于cause.故选A.
60.A 细节理解题.根据第五段Apart from iron particles (粒子),which are ground off the track by the wheels of trains,subway air is fresh.The reason is that a train's movement pumps fresh outdoor air into the tunnels.可知美国的地铁里面,火车的运动对新鲜空气是有帮助的.故选A.

点评 本文考察学生的理解推断能力以及细心程度,只要抓住文章的关键词,采用寻读的方法查找细节,就能找到正确答案.

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14.Our Intensive English Language Summer Course runs from the 15th-26th August,2012
inclusive and applicants may register for a 5-day or 12-day course.
About the Course
•For boys and girls from 12 to 16 years of a wishing to improve their English language skill
•Ideal for foreign students who are en*V it a UK secondary school
•The course may be attended on a residential (with accommodation) or day basis (without accommodation).
•Students registered for Lincoln Minister School for September 2012 are particularly recommended to attend the 2-week course.
Programme outline
Week 1            30 hours of lessons+2 afternoon outings to supplement learning;
Friday afternoon sports
Weekend Day      trip to theme parks and a relaxing day on Sunday
Week 2           30 hours of lessons+cinema visits
On the final Friday afternoon,there will be a barbecue lunch with games and presentation of certificates.
What's included in the fee
•30 hours tuition per week by qualified teachers and EFL specialists
•All meals and accommodation (bedding provided)
•Outings and entrance fees,resources,completion certificate
 (Accommodation,breakfast or evening meals do not apply to day students.)
Accommodation
If your child attends the residential course,they will stay in one of our 4 beautiful boarding houses.They will be looked after by our trained boarding staff in a safe and happy environment,with lots of opportunities to socialise and use the language skills they have learnt.
How to Enrol
To enrol in our Intensive English Language Summer Course,you will initially need to do the following:
•Fill in a booking form.
•Pay a deposit of 50% of the chosen course fees,which will ensure your child's place on the course.
Course fees
Intensive English Language Summer Course Fees 2012
Residential Course Fees 
5 Day Residential Course£600
12 Day Residential Course£1200
Day Course Fees 
5 Day Course£330
12 Day Course£720
60.If a student attends the day course,the fee he pays doesn't include.C
A.thirty hours tuition per week
B.outing and course entrance
C.breakfast,supper and accommodation
D.resources and completion certificate
61.A student who chooses the residential course has no chance toC
A.enjoy a barbecue lunch with games
B.socialize and practise English
C.have lessons every day during the 12 days
D.enjoy all meals through the course
62.How much should Mr.Johnson pay beforehand to guarantee a five-day residential course for his three kids?A
A.£900.  B.£1,800.  C.£990.  D.£495.
5.Why Laughter Matters
Although most people believe that laughter is one of the nature's great treatments for a whole range of mental and physical diseases,it is still a serious scientific subject that researchers are trying to figure out.
"Laughter above all else is a social thing,"says Baltimore neuroscientist,Robert Provine,who has studied laughter for decades."All laughter groups laugh‘ha-ha-ha'basically the same way.Whether you speak Mandarin,French or English,everyone will understand laughter.There is a pattern generator(发生器) in our brain that produces this sound."
Laughing is our first way of communicating.Babies laugh long before they speak.No one teaches them how to laugh.They just do.People may laugh at a prank(恶作剧) on April Fools'day.But surprisingly,only 10to 15percent of laughter is the result of someone making a joke.Laughter is mostly about social responses rather to a joke.Deaf people laugh without hearing and people on cell phones laugh without seeing,showing that laughter isn't dependent on single sense but on social interactions.
And laughter is not just a people thing.Chimps tickle(挠痒) each other and even laugh when another chimp pretends to tickle them.
Jaak Panksepp,a Bowling Green University Psychology professor,studies rats that laugh when he tickles them.It turns out rats love to be tickled-they return again and again to the hands of researchers tickling them.
By studying rats,scientists can figure out what's going on in the brain during laughter.Northwestern University biomedical engineering professor,Jeffrey Burgdorf has found that laughter in rats produces a chemical that acts as an antidepressant(抗抑郁药).He thinks the same thing probably happens in humans,too.This would give doctors a new chemical target to develop drugs that can fight depression.
Even so,laughter itself has not been proved to be the best medicine,experts said.Margaret Stuber,a professor at University of California,studied whether laugher helped patients.She found that distraction(分心) and mood improvement helped,but she could not find a benefit of laughter alone.
"No study has shown that laughter produces a direct health benefit,"Provine said,largely because it's hard to separate laughter from just feeling good.But he thinks it doesn't really matter:"Isn't the fact that laughter feels good when you do it enough?"

67.The most important finding of Robert Provine's research is thatA.
A.laughter makes a person feel good
B.laughter depends on different senses
C.laughter is a quality people are born with
D.laughter is a social response shared by all creatures
68.According to the passage,scientists studied rats in order to findC.
A.if they can laugh
B.if they like laughing
C.what laughter in rats produces
D.how rats react while being tickled
69.What can we learn from the passage?B
A.Patients will recover if they laugh enough.
B.Laughter is a means of communication as well as language.
C.A new medicine has been developed based on the laughter research.
D.Scientists can know what is happening in a human brain when he laughs.
70.Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?D

CP:Central point   P:Point   Sp:Sub-point(次要点)   C:Conclusion.
2.A new set of R's is here:Recycle,Reduce and Reuse.These three"Rs",when used every day,can reduce the amount of waste going into landfills,reduce the litter polluting the land and water,conserve(节约,保存)energy and save you money.
Recycling is one of the easiest ways to save energy,money and time while reducing the amount of garbage going into landfills.
Most communities have roadside pick-up service to recycle common household items like glass,steel,aluminum,newspaper and cardboard.By separating out the recyclable items from normal household trash,you can reduce the amount of trash entering a landfill by more than 75percent.
Recycling one aluminum beverage can(饮料罐)saves enough energy to run your television for three hours.Even better,local recyclers or scrap-metal dealers may pay money for your metal recyclables.
It is estimated that the 54billion cans recycled last year in the US saved l5million barrels of oil.That is equivalent(相等的)to the US oil consumption for one day.Recycling other household items offers similar savings in money and energy.
Composting food waste will reduce your trash load even more.A basic compost pile built with the help of instructions from numerous resources on the web can be constructed over a weekend,using materials easily obtained from local hardware or home improvement stores.In addition to reducing your waste,this all-natural recycling provides safe,clean and organic fertilizer for your garden,eliminating the need to buy chemical-derived products.
Finally,recycling other household items like computers,televisions and monitors and household chemicals like pesticides(农药)and paints will remove dangerous chemicals like mercury(水银)and lead from the landfills.
If your community doesn't offer recycling programs,contact your local government to get one established.

46.What's WRONG about recycling in the eyes of the author?C
A.It's energy-efficient.    B.It's money-saving.
C.It's time-consuming.      D.It's environmentally friendly.
47.RecyclingCaluminum beverage cans saves enough energy to keep your TV on for half a day.
A.six    B.five    C.four    D.three
48.What's the possible meaning of the underlined word"Composting"in the sixth paragraph?A
A.To turn waste into fertilizer.        B.To throw waste into dustbin.
C.To make waste clean and useful.       D.To find new land to put the rubbish in.
49.The following paragraph of the text may talk aboutA.
A.something about reusing    B.recycling programs
C.community activity         D.environment protection
50.The text tells us the way of living aC life.
A.happy    B.rich    C.green    D.economical.
9.BANGKOK-The tiny island nation of Tuvalu has promised to do its part for climate change by fueling its economy entirely from renewable sources by 2020.
The South Pacific nation of 12,000people is part of a movement of countries and cities committed to going climate neutral.Since February 2008,10nations have promised to reduce their emission(释放)of greenhouse gases as part of a goal of reaching zero emissions in the next decade.
None of these commitments alone is expected to make a significant difference in the fight to cut heat-trapping gases.But the moves can inspire bigger emitters(排放者)like the United States to take further steps to limit their carbon footprints.
Climate scientists have urged rich countries to reduce emissions from 2005levels by between 25percent and 40percent by 2020to avoid the worst effect of warming.For its parts,Tuvalu hopes to replace the fossil fuels that are imported by ship with solar energy and wind power soon.
Tuvalu already emits almost no greenhouse gases.But because of climate change,many South Pacific islands see worsening flooding.The country is just 10square miles in size,with most of its land less than a meter above sea level.
So far,Tuvalu has equipped a 40-kilowatt solar energy system with the help of Japan's Kansai Electric Power Co.and Tokyo Electric Power Company.The Tuvalu government is working to expand the $410,000project from 40to 60kilowatts,and will extend solar power to outer islands.
"We thank those countries who are helping Tuvalu reduce its carbon footprint,"Public Utilities and Industries Minister Kausea Natano said."And we look forward to the day when our nation offers an example to all-powered entirely by natural resources such as the sun and the wind."

53.What is the main energy source in Tuvalu at present?B
A.Solar energy
B.Imported fossil fuels
C.Wind powder
D.Local fossil fuels
54.For Tuvalu,the biggest trouble now is thatA.
A.it is under threat from rising sea level
B.it lacks enough natural resources
C.Climate change affects its economy
D.it lacks clean power equipment
55.What can we learn from the passage?C
A.It is impossible for Tuvalu to realize its goal.
B.The world will see zero emissions in ten years.
C.Tuvalu imports technology to reduce emissions.
D.Big countries haven't started to reduce emissions.
56.The best title for the passage might be"D".
A.Climate change threatens small island nations
B.island nations urge big countries to reduce emission
C.Countries unite to reduce greenhouse gases
D.An island nation will only use green power.
6.James Arruda Henry,a 98-year-old retired lobsterman,has written and published his first book,"In a Fisherman's Language",after learning to read at the incredible age of 91.
Mr.Henry spent most of his life without even his closest family members knowing he was illiterate (文盲).Forced to quit school in the third grade to take some jobs,he kept the secret close to his chest-only telling to his late wife.
A family problem in his 90s sparked his encourage to restart his education."He signed a document he could not read,"Mr.Henry's granddaughter said.And then,after hearing about George Dawson,a son of slaves who learned to read at the age of 98 and went on to write a book of his own,entitled"Life Is So Good"at the age of 101,Mr.Henry took up reading.
"If he can do it.I'm going to try,"Mr.Henry said.Starting with his name.he eventually moved on to ABC's and children's books.He put them down for four years after the tragic loss of his wife.But eventually he went back to reading and with the help of his tutor began to record his life.
He wrote about his family's voyage from Portugal to the U.S.his many journeys at sea and how he was unable to save another fisherman who had fallen overboard.He became a carpenter and even a professional boxer-and eventually built his own home in Stonington Borough.
His life stories have become so popular,in fact,nearly 800 copies were sold in the first two weeks of the book's release last month.One thousand more have since been printed as requests for the book flood in from as far as Germany.And now even Hollywood producers have approached Mr.Henry about optioning the rights to his life story for a big screen adaptation.
56.Which of the following is true of Mr.Henry?A
    A.He couldn't read when he was retired.
    B.He was not a good student at school.
    C.Only his family members knew he was illiterate.
    D.He published his book at the age of 91.
57.Mr.Henry made up his mind to study because heD.
    A.had some trouble with his granddaughter
    B.couldn't sign the document he was given
    C.wanted to share his own experience with others
    D.was inspired by George Dawson's story
58.How did Mr.Henry carry on his studies?C
    A.He began with the children's books.
    B.He was helped out by his granddaughter.
    C.He started from the very beginning.
    D.He didn't stop even when his wife died.
59.In his book,Mr.Henry didn't mentionB.
    A.his family story                     B.his school education
    C.his journeys at sea                  D.his work experiences
60.What's the main idea of the last paragraph?C   
    A.Nearly 800 copies of the book were sold.
    B.The book was sold well in Germany.
    C.His book was popular both at home and abroad.
    D.Hollywood has planned to adapt his book for a movie.
3."The first and best of victories for a man is to conquer himself; to be conquered by himself is,of all things,the most shameful,"says Plato.Self-control is at the root of all the advantages.Let a man give in to his impulses (冲动) and feelings,and from that moment he gives up his moral freedom.
A single angry word has lost many friends.When Socrates found in himself any temper or anger,he would check it by speaking low in order to control himself.If you are conscious of being angry,keep your mouth shut so that you can hold back rising anger.Many a person has dropped dead in great anger.Fits of anger bring fits of disease."Whoever the gods would destroy,they first make them mad.""Keep cool,"says Webster,"anger is not argument.""Be calm in arguing,"says George Herbert,"for fierceness (狂怒) makes error a fault."
To be angry with a weak man is to prove that you are not strong yourself."Anger,"says Pythagoras,"begins with foolishness and ends with regret."You must measure the strength of a man by the power of the feelings he conquers,not by the power of those which conquer him.
Self-control is man's last and greatest victory.
If a man lacks self-control he seems t o lack everything.Without it he can have no patience,no power to govern himself; he can have no self-confidence,for he will always be controlled by his strongest feeling.If he lacks self-control,the very backbone and nerve of character are lacking too.
28.What's the main idea of the passage?A
A.Self-control is important for a man.
B.We should learn to be strong.
C.A man who keeps cool won't lose any game.
D.The great heroes in history knew how to control themselves.
29.What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 mean?D
A.If you are mad,the gods will fail you.
B.If you lose your temper first,gods will fail you first.
C.If you can't control yourself,you will be crazy.
D.If the gods want to fail you,they will make you mad first.
30.Which of the following is NOT true,according to passage?C
A.The first and best of victories for a man is to conquer himself.
B.You will make a small mistake serious if you don't keep cool.
C.You must measure a man's strength by the power of the feelings which conquer him.
D.Anger begins with foolishness and ends with regret.
31.Which of the following can't help you avoid anger,according to the passage?D
A.Being calm in arguing.
B.Checking your temper or anger by speaking low.
C.Keeping your mouth shut.
D.Trying to make the other angry first.

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