4.The Ebola Virus
Currently,the world is facing an epidemic (流行病) due to what is considered to be among the most dangerous viruses that humanity has ever faced-the Ebola bleeding virus.Though there were announcements about experimental treatments that were reported to be successful in terms of treating the virus,people around the world continue to die from Ebola.
Ebola was first discovered in 1976in Africa,on the banks of the Ebola River,after which the virus has been named.Back then,there were two major outbreaks of the virus,and this is how people learned about it.There exist several strains of the Ebola virus,some of them are deadly to people,and some are not.
The main symptoms of Ebola can appear in a period between the second and the 21st days of infection,but usually it happens on the eighth through 10th day.Among the symptoms that appear in the first turn,one should mention fever and chills,strong headaches,pain in joints and muscles,and general weakness.These symptoms are not too different from those that people usually experience when catching a severe cold,or flu,so victims may even ignore these symptoms,or try to treat them as a common sickness.However,as the virus keeps progressing,a patient develops nausea(呕吐) with vomiting,diarrhea,chest and stomach pains,red eyes and rash over the body,severe weight loss,and bleeding from almost all bodily openings.
The virus is usually transmitted either through blood,or through waste.Infection through blood usually takes place if a person consumes infested meat,or even touches it (for example,butchering can also lead to infection).Also,there were cases when people got infected after stepping in waste of infected mammals,mostly bats.The other ways of getting infected is through skin by receiving bodily liquids via tiny openings.
Even though there is no specific cure for Ebola,doctors still try to treat it.In order to diagnose Ebola,doctors usually take tests on such diseases as cholera or malaria,because it is difficult to diagnose Ebola based only on symptoms.After the diagnosis has been made,doctors start treating the symptoms,which includes killing infected cells,electrolytes,blood pressure medication,blood transfusions,oxygen treatment,and so on.
Though Ebola is a highly dangerous disease,it is not likely that it will spread globally.It is most deadly in anti-sanitary(不卫生的) conditions,which many African countries have an extremely bad reputation for.As for first world countries,even though there is still no universal cure,they are at much lesser risk than African countries.Though the symptoms of Ebola are severe and getting infected is not difficult,with the correct handling of an outbreak,the virus should not be able to spread.
Currently,the world is facing an epidemic (流行病) due to what is considered to be among the most dangerous viruses that humanity has ever faced-the Ebola bleeding virus.Though there were announcements about experimental treatments that were reported to be successful in terms of treating the virus,people around the world continue to die from Ebola.
Ebola was first discovered in 1976in Africa,on the banks of the Ebola River,after which the virus has been named.Back then,there were two major outbreaks of the virus,and this is how people learned about it.There exist several strains of the Ebola virus,some of them are deadly to people,and some are not.
The main symptoms of Ebola can appear in a period between the second and the 21st days of infection,but usually it happens on the eighth through 10th day.Among the symptoms that appear in the first turn,one should mention fever and chills,strong headaches,pain in joints and muscles,and general weakness.These symptoms are not too different from those that people usually experience when catching a severe cold,or flu,so victims may even ignore these symptoms,or try to treat them as a common sickness.However,as the virus keeps progressing,a patient develops nausea(呕吐) with vomiting,diarrhea,chest and stomach pains,red eyes and rash over the body,severe weight loss,and bleeding from almost all bodily openings.
The virus is usually transmitted either through blood,or through waste.Infection through blood usually takes place if a person consumes infested meat,or even touches it (for example,butchering can also lead to infection).Also,there were cases when people got infected after stepping in waste of infected mammals,mostly bats.The other ways of getting infected is through skin by receiving bodily liquids via tiny openings.
Even though there is no specific cure for Ebola,doctors still try to treat it.In order to diagnose Ebola,doctors usually take tests on such diseases as cholera or malaria,because it is difficult to diagnose Ebola based only on symptoms.After the diagnosis has been made,doctors start treating the symptoms,which includes killing infected cells,electrolytes,blood pressure medication,blood transfusions,oxygen treatment,and so on.
Though Ebola is a highly dangerous disease,it is not likely that it will spread globally.It is most deadly in anti-sanitary(不卫生的) conditions,which many African countries have an extremely bad reputation for.As for first world countries,even though there is still no universal cure,they are at much lesser risk than African countries.Though the symptoms of Ebola are severe and getting infected is not difficult,with the correct handling of an outbreak,the virus should not be able to spread.
(71)Introduction | ●Ebola,a dangerous virus,was named after the Ebola River,on whose banks it was first discovered. ●Despite the (72)announced/reported success in the virus treatment,people across the world continue to die from the virus. |
Symptoms | ●In the first turn,the symptoms are (73)similar to those that people experience when they are (74)suffering from a severe cold or flu. ●If not (75)taken seriously,the virus will keep progressing,and things will change for the worse. |
Ways of getting infected | ●People (76)consuming infested meat or touching it can get infected. ●People who step in waste of infected mammals,mostly bats,are (77)likely to get infected. ●People who receive bodily liquids via tiny openings can also get infected. |
Treatment and (78)prevention | ●After making correct diagnosis,doctors start treating the symptoms in many ways,(79)including killing infected cells,blood pressure medication,oxygen therapy,and so on. ●Sanitary living conditions play a significant (80)part/role in preventing the outbreak of the Ebola virus. |
2.Escape from FoMO
Here's a test you might enjoy:rate these situations on a number scale,ranging from 1for mild discomfort to 7 for unbearable distress.
Situation 1:you're visiting New York City and realize there's no way you'll be able to get to all the exhibits,see all the recommended plays or take in even part of the"musts".How do you feel now?Something like 5?
Situation 2:you,re at dinner with friends,and you've all agreed to make it a strictly phone-free evening.But your smartphone won't stop beeping Twitter and text alerts.Something is obviously up in your social network,but you can't check.Even 7wouldn't match the stress you're feeling now.
Welcome to FoMO (Fear of Missing Out),the latest mental disorder caused by social media connections sharing updates that leaves individuals feeling that they are missing out on something more exciting,important,or interesting going on somewhere else.It is an outcome of technological advancement and booming social information.According to a recent study,56per cent of those who use social networks suffer this.
It is not uncommon that at night when you've sworn again to put the phone aside or turn off the computer,you cast one last glance at the screen on your way to bed in case you miss some titbit (趣闻)supplied by mere acquaintances or even strangers'requesting your"friendship".
We all know the studies showing that end-of-life regrets centre on what we didn't do,rather than on what we did.If so,constantly watching others doing things that we are not is rich ground for a future of looking back in sorrow.Attractive online images-so charming from afar-make FoMO more destructive.Technology has become the major construct through which we define intimacy (亲密).You may look on in wonder as someone taps out an endless text message instead of actually talking to the person they're with.Being connected to everyone,all the time,is a new human experience; we,re just not equipped to cope with it yet.
Researchers say our dependence on technology can be reduced if we manage to separate ourselves,even for short periods of time,from our gadgets.However,the problem can only be settled when we grasp that our brains and our humanity-not our technologies-enable this addiction.We cannot seek solutions without honestly asking ourselves why we are so afraid of missing out.Researchers find FoMO occurs mostly in people with unfulfilled psychological needs in fields such as love,respect and security.FoMO levels are highest in young people,in particular young men.
What,then,can we do about something so damaging to our quality of life?The best way to cope with FoMO is to recognize that,at our fast-paced life,we are sometimes bound to miss out.Instead of trying to maximize our benefits,we seek a merely"good enough"result.If you still doubt that"good enough"is the best cure for FoMO,the words of the American essayist and poet Ralph Waldo Emerson might strike the right chord,"For everything you have missed,you have gained something else,and for everything you gain,you lose something else."
Escape from FoMO
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Here's a test you might enjoy:rate these situations on a number scale,ranging from 1for mild discomfort to 7 for unbearable distress.
Situation 1:you're visiting New York City and realize there's no way you'll be able to get to all the exhibits,see all the recommended plays or take in even part of the"musts".How do you feel now?Something like 5?
Situation 2:you,re at dinner with friends,and you've all agreed to make it a strictly phone-free evening.But your smartphone won't stop beeping Twitter and text alerts.Something is obviously up in your social network,but you can't check.Even 7wouldn't match the stress you're feeling now.
Welcome to FoMO (Fear of Missing Out),the latest mental disorder caused by social media connections sharing updates that leaves individuals feeling that they are missing out on something more exciting,important,or interesting going on somewhere else.It is an outcome of technological advancement and booming social information.According to a recent study,56per cent of those who use social networks suffer this.
It is not uncommon that at night when you've sworn again to put the phone aside or turn off the computer,you cast one last glance at the screen on your way to bed in case you miss some titbit (趣闻)supplied by mere acquaintances or even strangers'requesting your"friendship".
We all know the studies showing that end-of-life regrets centre on what we didn't do,rather than on what we did.If so,constantly watching others doing things that we are not is rich ground for a future of looking back in sorrow.Attractive online images-so charming from afar-make FoMO more destructive.Technology has become the major construct through which we define intimacy (亲密).You may look on in wonder as someone taps out an endless text message instead of actually talking to the person they're with.Being connected to everyone,all the time,is a new human experience; we,re just not equipped to cope with it yet.
Researchers say our dependence on technology can be reduced if we manage to separate ourselves,even for short periods of time,from our gadgets.However,the problem can only be settled when we grasp that our brains and our humanity-not our technologies-enable this addiction.We cannot seek solutions without honestly asking ourselves why we are so afraid of missing out.Researchers find FoMO occurs mostly in people with unfulfilled psychological needs in fields such as love,respect and security.FoMO levels are highest in young people,in particular young men.
What,then,can we do about something so damaging to our quality of life?The best way to cope with FoMO is to recognize that,at our fast-paced life,we are sometimes bound to miss out.Instead of trying to maximize our benefits,we seek a merely"good enough"result.If you still doubt that"good enough"is the best cure for FoMO,the words of the American essayist and poet Ralph Waldo Emerson might strike the right chord,"For everything you have missed,you have gained something else,and for everything you gain,you lose something else."
Escape from FoMO
Main Points | Details |
Concept of FoMO | FoMO,constantly (71)disturbing our peace of mind,refers to the unease of feeling that we are not part of social connection. |
Examples of FoMO | •When having dinner with friends,we feel extremely depressed when (72)forbidden to check our social network. •Determined as we are to put aside phones,we can't shift our (73)attention/focus/concentrationfrom them until we go to bed. |
(74)Reasons/Triggers/Causesbehind FoMO | •Technology develops and social information explodes. •Images of online friends (75)appeal more to us,compared to our real world friends. •Some of us attempt to feel(76)psychologically A fulfilled on social network. |
Bad effects of FoMO | •We are constantly (77)regretful/sorryfor things that we didn't do. •Communicating with friends in the virtual world gives(78)rise to the decline of important relationships with friends and family. |
Suggestions on avoiding FoMo | •Get (798)separated/away/disconnected from the modern technology. •Recognize that missing out is part of our life. •Accept that (80)losses/losscan sometimes be"a blessing in disguise". |