8．I grew up in a house where the TV was seldom turned on and with one wall in my bedroom entirely li——青夏教育精英家教网—

8．I grew up in a house where the TV was seldom turned on and with one wall in my bedroom entirely lined with bookshelves，most of my childhood was spent on books I could get hold of．In fact，I grew up thinking of reading as natural as breathing and books unbelievably powerful in shaping perspectives （观点） by creating worlds we could step into，take part in and live in．
With this unshakable belief，I，at fourteen，decided to become a writer．Here too，reading became useful．Every writer starts off knowing that he has something to say，but being unable to find the right ways to say it．He has to find his own voice by reading widely to discover which parts of the writers he agrees or disagrees with，or agrees with so strongly that it reshapes his own world．He cannot write without loving to read，because only through reading other people's writing can one discover what works，what doesn't and，in the end，together with lots of practice，what voice he has．
Now I am in college，and have come to realize how important it is to read fiction．As a law student，my reading is in fact limited to subject matter-the volume （量） of what I have to read for classes every week means there is little time to read anything else．Such reading made it all the clearer to me that I live in a very small part in this great place called life．Reading fiction reminds me that there is life beyond my own．It allows me to travel across the high seas and along the Silk Road，all from the comfort of my own armchair，to experience，though secondhand，exciting experiences that I wouldn't necessarily be able to have in my lifetime．

56．What did the author like most as a child？（no more than 2 words）Reading/Books/Reading books
57．What did the author want to be when he was young？（no more than 3 words）A writer
58．What can help a writer to find his own voice？（no more than 2 words）Reading widely
59．What's the author's major at college？（no more than 1 words）Law
60．How did the author manage to experience life beyond his own？（no more than 3 words）By reading fiction．

7．Most damagingly，anger weakens a person's ability to think clearly and keep control over his behaviour．The angry person loses objectivity in evaluating the emotional significance of the person or situation that arouses his anger．
Not everyone experiences anger in the same way； what angers one person may amuse another．The specific expression of anger also differs from person to person based on biological and cultural forces．In contemporary culture，physical expressions of anger are generally considered too socially harmful to be tolerated．We no longer regard duels （决斗） as an appropriate expression of anger resulting from one person's awareness of insulting behaviour on the part of another．
Anger can be identified in the brain，where the electrical activity changes．Under most conditions EEG （脑电图） measures of electrical activity show balanced activity between the right and left prefrontal （额叶前部） areas．Behaviourally this corresponds to the general even-handed disposition （意向） that most of us possess most of the time．But when we are angry the EEG of the right and left prefrontal areas aren't balanced and，as a result of this，we're likely to react．And our behavioural response to anger is different from our response to other emotions，whether positive or negative．
Most positive emotions are associated with approach behaviour：we move closer to people we like．Most negative emotions，in contrast，are associated with avoidance behaviour：we move away from people and things that we dislike or that make us anxious．But anger is an exception to this pattern．The angrier we are，the more likely we are to move towards the object of our anger．This corresponds to what psychologists refer to as of ensive anger：the angry person moves closer in order to influence and control the person or situation causing his anger．This approach-and-confront behaviour is accompanied by a leftward prefrontal asymmetry （不对称） of EEG activity．Interestingly，this asymmetry lessens if the angry person can experience empathy （同感） towards the individual who is bringing forth the angry response．In defensive anger，in contrast，the EEG asymmetry is directed to the right and the angry person feels helpless in the face of the anger-inspiring situation．

61．The"duels"example in Paragraph 2proves that the expression of angerC．
A．usually has a biological basis
B．varies among people
C．is socially and culturally shaped
D．influences one's thinking and evaluation
62．What changes can be found in an angry brainB？
A．Balanced electrical activity can be spotted．
B．Unbalanced patterns are found in prefrontal areas．
C．Electrical activity corresponds to one's behaviour．
D．Electrical activity agrees with one's disposition．
63．Which of the following is typical of offensive angerA？
A．Approaching the source of anger．
B．Trying to control what is disliked．
C．Moving away from what is disliked．
D．Feeling helpless in the face of anger．
64．What is the key message of the last paragraphD？
A．How anger differs from other emotions．
B．How anger relates to other emotions．
C．Behavioural responses to anger．
D．Behavioural patterns of anger．

6．Public Speaking and Critical Thinking
       What is critical thinking？To a certain degree，it's a matter of logic（逻辑）-of being able to spot weaknesses in other people's arguments and to avoid them in your own．It also includes related skills such as distinguishing fact from opinion and assessing the soundness of evidence．
      In the broad sense，critical thinking is focused，organized thinking-the ability to see clearly the relationships among ideas．（71）D The greatest thinkers，scientists，and inventors have often taken information that was readily available put it together differently to produce new ideas．That，too，is critical thinking．
    （72）EAs the class goes on，for example，you will probably spend a good deal of time organizing your speeches．While this may seem like a purely mechanical（机械的） exercise，it is closely connected with critical thinking．If the structure of your speech is loose and confused，chances are that your thinking is also disordered and confused．If，on the other hand，the structure is clear，there is a good chance your thinking is too．Organizing a speech is not just a matter of arranging the ideas you already have（73）A．
     What is true of organization is true of many aspects of public speaking．（74）FAs you work on expressing your ideas in clear，accurate language，you will improve your ability to think clearly and accurately．（75）GAs you learn to listen critically to speeches in class，you will be better able to assess the ideas of speakers in a variety of situations．
     If you take full advantage of your speech class，you will be able to develop your skills as a critical thinker in many circumstances．This is one reason public speaking has been regarded as a vital part of education since the days of ancient Greece．

A．Rather，it is an important part of shaping the ideas themselves．
B．This may seem like a lot of time，but the rewards are well worth it．
C．It may also help you to know that there is no such thing as a perfect speech．
D．It has often been said that there are few new ideas in the world，only reorganized ideas．
E．If you are wondering what this has to do with your public speaking class，the answer is quite a lot．
F．The skills you learn in your speech class can help you become a more effective thinker in a number of ways．
G．As you study the role of evidence and reasoning in speechmaking，you will see how they can be used in other forms of communication as well．

5．Phys ed （physical education） is making a comeback as a part of the school core curriculum（核心课程），but with a difference．While group sports are still part of the curriculum，the new way is to teach skills that are useful beyond gym class．Instead of learning how to climb a rope，children are taught to lift weights，balance their diets and build physical endurance．In this way，kids are given the tools and skills and experiences so they can lead a physically active life the rest of their life．
   Considering that 15percent of American children 6to 18are overweight，supporters say more money and thought must be put into phys ed curriculum．In many cases，that may mean not just replacing the old gym-class model with fitness programs but also starting up phys ed programs because school boards often"put P．E．on the chopping block，cutting it entirely or decreasing its teachers or the days it is offered，"says Alicia Moag-Stahlberg，the executive director of Action for Health Kids．The difference in phys ed programs is partly due to the lack of a national standard．"Physical education needs to be part of the core curriculum，"she added．
   The wisdom of the new approach has some scientific support．Researchers at the University of Wisconsin have demonstrated how effective the fit-for-life model of gym class can be．They observed how 50overweight children lost more weight when they cycled and skied cross-country than when they played sports．The researchers also found that teaching sports like football resulted in less overall movement，partly because reluctant students were able to sit on the bench．
   Another problem with simply teaching group sports in gym class is that only a tiny percentage of students continue playing them after graduating from high school．The new method teaches sells that translate to adulthood．
（Note：Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS．）

81．In the new P．E．program，children learn to lift weights，balance their diets and build physical endurance rather than（learn how to） climb a rope．
82．As for P．E．，some school boards eithercut in entirely or decrease the teachers or the days．
83．What are the two problems with simply teaching group sports？Less over all movement and few students playing sports after graduation．
84．What is the long-term benefit of the new P．E program？The skills learned can translate to adulthood．．

4．Secret Santas
    On Christmas morning，Linda wakes up，and tries to imagine the wide-eyed surprise of children in another household as they unwrap the presents she carefully chose for them．Linda has never met the children，but that's all part of the joy of giving as secret Santas，she says．
"It's an amazing feeling to buy gifts on an anonymous （匿名的） basis，"says Linda．"It brings a whole new meaning to the holidays．"
     Linda and Tony are an American couple living in Toronto，Canada，and Linda did charitable work as a member of the American Women's Club of Toronto．As the name suggests，members are U．S．citizens living in Toronto，who join together for fellowship and community service．
    To find her"adopted"family，Linda goes to the local schools and requests a wish list for a family that's struggling to survive．Last year she helped a single mother with three children．The mother works as a cleaning lady in a nursing home．
"The list is always heartbreaking．They have an opportunity to ask for anything and do just the opposite，asking for basic clothes or simple toys，"she says．"We always buy the kids a new winter coat，hats，and gloves．"She also buys gifts for the parents．
    Last year Linda asked the mother for a second wish list--one that didn't include the basics．"Every child should have a Christmas that sticks with them for a lifetime．"She purchased iPods for the two older children and a video game system for the youngest．"I have learned a very valuable lesson in all of this，"says Linda．"Pay attention to what's going on in your own backyard--no matter where you live．"
The joy of giving as secret Santas is much sweeter when the gift is anonymous．

81．What reaction does Linda imagine the children will have？（No more than 5 words）They will feel greatly surprised．．
82．Why did Linda join the American Women's Club of Toronto？（No more than 10 words）
She joined it for fellowship and community service．．
83．Why did Linda ask for a second wish list？（No more than 15 words）She wanted to give children some other gifts rather than the basics．
84．What kind of people does"secret Santas"in the passage refer to？（No more than 12 words）It refers to people who give away anonymous gifts on Christmas．．

3．Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer．
     An apprenticeship is a form of on-the-job training that combines workplace experience and classroom learning．It can last anywhere from one to six years，but four years is typical for most．An apprentice spends the majority of the time in a workplace environment learning the practical skills of a career from a journeyman--someone who has done the job for many years．The rest of the apprentice's time is spent in a classroom environment learning the theoretical skills the career requires．Being an apprentice is a full-time undertaking．
    One of the advantages of apprenticeship is that it does not cost apprentices anything．The companies that hire them pay for school．What's more，it offers apprentices an"earn while you learn"opportunity．They usually start out at half the pay of a journeyman，and the pay increases gradually as they move further along in the job and studies．Near the end of the apprenticeship，their wages are usually 90percent of what a journeyman would receive．Apprenticeship also pays off for employers．It can offer employers a pool of well-trained workers to draw from．
    Despite the advantages，apprentices are usually required to work during the day and attend classes at night，which leaves little time for anything else．Sometimes，they might be laid off（下岗） if business for the employers is slow．
    Once they have completed the apprenticeship and become journeymen，they receive a nationally recognized and portable certification and their pay also increases again．Some journeymen continue employment with the companies they apprenticed with；others go onto different companies or become self-employed contractors．

72．classroomlearning
73．themajority
74．theoretical
75．atthebeginning
76．ajouneyman'swages
77．manywell-trainedworkers
78．beinglaidoff
79．Results
80．anotherpayincrease．

2．This brief book is aimed at high school students，but speaks to anyone learning at any stage of life．
    Its formal，serious style closely matches its content，a school-masterly book on schooling．The author，W．H．Armstrong，starts with the basics：reading and writing．In his opinion，reading doesn't just mean recognizing each word on the page； it means taking in the information，digesting it and incorporating it into oneself just as one digests a sandwich and makes it a part of himself．The goal is to bring the information back to life，not just to treat it as dead facts on paper from dead trees．Reading and writing cannot be completely separated from each other； in fact，the aim of reading is to express the information you have got from the text．I've seen it again and again：someone who can't express an idea after reading a text is just as ineffective as someone who hasn't read it at all．
    Only a third of the book remains after that discussion，which Armstrong devotes to specific tips for studying languages，math，science and history．He generally handles  these  topics  thoroughly （透彻地）  and  equally，except  for  some weakness in the science and math sections and a bit too much passion （激情） regarding history．Well，he was a history teacher-if conveyed only a tenth of his passion to his students，that was a hundred times more than my history teachers ever got across．To my disappointment，in this part of the book he ignores the arts．As a matter of fact，they demand all the concentration and study that math and science do，though the study differs slightly in kind．Although it's commonly believed that the arts can only be naturally acquired，actually，learning the arts is no more natural than learning French or mathematics．My other comment is that the text aged．The first edition apparently dates to the 1960s-none of the references（参考文献） seem newer than the late 1950s．As a result，the discussion misses the entire computer age．
    These are small points，though，and don't affect the main discussion．I recommend it to any student and any teacher，including the self-taught student．

63．According to Armstrong，the goal of reading is toC．
A．gain knowledge and expand one's view
B．understand the meaning between the lines
C．express ideas based on what one has read
D．get information and keep it alive in memory
64．The author of the passage insists that learning the artsA．
A．requires great efforts
B．demands real passion
C．is less natural than learning maths
D．is as natural as learning a language
65．What is a shortcoming of Armstrong's work according to the author？D
A．Some ideas are slightly contradictory．
B．There is too much discussion on studying science．
C．The style is too serious．
D．It lacks new information．
66．This passage can be classified asB．
A．an advertisement     B．a book review
C．a feature story       D．a news report．

1．For many parents，raising a teenager is like fighting a long war，but years go by without any clear winner．Like a border conflict between neighboring countries，the parent-teen war is about boundaries：Where is the line between what I control and what you do？
    Both sides want peace，but neither feels it has any power to stop the conflict．In part，this is because neither is willing to admit any responsibility for starting it．From the parents'point of view，the only cause of their fight is their adolescents'complete unreasonableness．And of course，the teens see it in exactly the same way，exceptoppositely．Both feel trapped．
    In this article，I'll describe three no-win situations that commonly arise between teens and parents and then suggest some ways out of the trap．The first no-win situation is quarrels over unimportant things．Examples include the color of the teen's hair，the cleanliness of the bedroom，the preferred style of clothing，the child's failure to eat a good breakfast before school，or his tendency to sleep until noon on the weekends．
    Second，blaming．The goal of a blaming battle is to make the other admit that his bad attitude is the reason why everything goes wrong．Third，needing to be right．It doesn't matter what the topic is-politics，the laws of physics，or the proper way to break an egg-the point of these arguments is to prove that you are right and the other person is wrong，for both wish to be considered an authority-someone who actually knows something-and therefore to command respect．Unfortunately，as long as parents and teens continue to assume that they know more than the other，they'll continue to fight these battles forever and never make any real progress．

55．Why does the author compare the parent-teen war to a border conflict？B
A．Both can continue for generations．
B．Both are about where to draw the line．
C．Neither has any clear winner．
D．Neither can be put to an end．
56．What does the underlined part in Paragraph 2mean？A
A．The teens blame their parents for starting the conflict．
B．The teens agree with their parents on the cause of the conflict．
C．The teens accuse their parents of misleading them．
D．The teens tend to have a full understanding of their parents．
57．Parents and teens want to be right because they want toC
A．give orders to the other
B．know more than the other
C．gain respect from the other
D．get the other to behave properly
58．What will the author most probably discuss in the paragraph that follows？C
A．Causes for the parent-teen conflicts．
B．Examples of the parent-teen war．
C．Solutions for the parent-teen problems．
D．Future of the parent-teen relationship．

13．

Microsoft just finished a three-month experiment operating an underwater data center．A server rack（服务器支架） with the power of about 300PCs was placed into a water-tight（防水） steel container and lowered into the ocean off the coast of central California．
The unusual experiment was launched because current data centers are unpleasantly inefficient．They're built where energy and land are cheap （not close to where people actually live）．And they waste so much energy cooling their massive computers．The ocean can solve those problems．The cold ocean floor sufficiently cools the computing components inside the pod．And since most people live near the ocean，placing data centers under water could potentially increase the speed at which customers could access the information stored in Microsoft's cloud．
The experiment was so successful that Microsoft operated the underwater data center for 75days longer than it had planned to．The next step is to get a larger pod，with about four times the computing power，under the ocean for testing．Unlike the first experiment，the next pod will also be equipped with turbines，which will transform the ocean's currents into electricity．It's not clear when，if ever，underwater data centers will become a possible product．"Our first experiment was like dipping our pinkie toe in the water，and now we're going for the big toe，"said Lee，corporate vice president of Microsoft Research．
Microsoft is still analyzing the environmental impacts of the study．Data centers are both hot and loud，which could have damaging effects on ocean life．Microsoft found that the noise its underwater data center produced was drowned out by nearby shrimp and crabs．The data centers are also built from recyclable materials，and Microsoft believes that the total carbon footprint of underwater data centers will be"dramatically lower"than current land-based centers．
Given the growth in the cloud，industry analysts believe that most of the world's data centers have yet to be built．But building a data center takes at least two years-an  eternity in the fast-developing tech industry．As a result，Microsoft builds its data centers with the future in mind，installing far more computing power and space than it currently needs．
Lee believes that going under water can shift the building of data centers from construction projects to manufacturing jobs．"What if we could mass-produce these pods on an assembly line？"he thought．"We could deliver a data center，from conception to operation，in 90days．That's dramatically different than what's happening today．"

62．What is the advantage of an underwater data center？D
A．It can be lowered to the ocean floor easily．
B．It can cool computing components automatically．
C．It can be built close to the place where people live．
D．It can make information easily accessible to people．
63．We can infer that the underwater data centersB．
A．cause little harm to the ocean life  B．are more environmentally friendly
C．change the course of ocean currents  D．are easy to build in large quantities
64．The underlined word"eternity"in Paragraph 5means"A"．
A．an extremely long time  B．an extended period
C．a seemingly short time  D．a fruitful period
65．The passage tries to inform readers thatC．
A．an experiment was made in operating a data center
B．Microsoft will mass-produce pods on an assemble line
C．Microsoft succeeded in putting a data center underwater
D．underwater data centers are more efficient than land-based ones．

12．A．issue         B．imposed         C．desire           D．awareness
E．accidental     F．suffered        G．capture          H．risky
I．unnecessary    J．responsibility  K．unavoidable．

The smartphones that can take selfies （自拍照） have set us free．We can now document every moment of our life and instantly share it with the world through the Internet．However，some believe that it's also causing people to take （41）Irisks that sometimes prove to be deadly!
According to recent reports，the（42）Cto take a breathtaking selfie killed 12 people last year．Though that may not seem like a lot，it's 33% more than the death from shark attacks．
While the（43）Ahas been known for a while，it came to a head on September 21，2015，following the （44）Edeath of Hideto Ueda at the Taj Mahal in New Delhi．It turned out that the 66-year-old Japanese and his companion were trying to take a selfie with the Royal Gate as the background when they fell down some stairs．
Other fatal accidents this year include a 21-year-old Russian woman who fell off a bridge while trying to （45）Gan exciting selfie．Three Indian students （46）Fa similar fate after they were run over by a train while taking a selfie on the railway tracks．
The rising number of injuries is forcing officials to take measures．Russia has begun a nationwide（47）Dprogram to make its young citizens realize the dangers of this hobby．The campaign's slogan is：Even a million"likes"on social media are not worth your life and well-being．
Though no other country has followed their lead，many are banning the selfie sticks!The Museum of Modem Art in New York and the Getty Center in Los Angeles are among those to have （48）Ba ban on the selfie sticks，claiming concerns over the safety of their artwork as well as visitors．
While these measures may help reduce the incidents，the only way to stop selfie-related injuries and deaths is to take（49）Jnot just for themselves but for their friends．So next time you decide to take a selfie that appears a little （50）H，be sure to stop and ask yourself：is it worth it？

0 136008 136016 136022 136026 136032 136034 136038 136044 136046 136052 136058 136062 136064 136068 136074 136076 136082 136086 136088 136092 136094 136098 136100 136102 136103 136104 136106 136107 136108 136110 136112 136116 136118 136122 136124 136128 136134 136136 136142 136146 136148 136152 136158 136164 136166 136172 136176 136178 136184 136188 136194 136202 151629

试题分类