People do not analyze（分析） every problem they meet. Sometimes they try to remember a solution from the last time they had a similar problem. They often accept the opinions or ideas of other people. Other times they begin to act without thinking. They try to find a solution by trial and error. However , when all these methods fail, the person with a problem has to start analyzing. There are six stages in solving a problem.

First the person must recognize that there is a problem. For example, Sam’s bicycle is broken, and he cannot ride it to class as he usually does. Sam must see that there is a problem with his bicycle.

Next the thinker must define the problem. Before Sam can repair his bicycle, he must find out the reason why it does not work. For instance, he must determine if the problem is with the gears（齿轮） ,the brakes, or the frame. He must make his problem more specific.

Now the person must look for information that will make the problem clearer and lead to possible solutions. For instance, suppose Sam decides that his bike does not work because there is something wrong with the gear wheels. At this time, he can look in his bicycle repair book and read about gears. He can talk to his friends at the bike shop. He can look at his gears carefully. After studying the problem, the person should have several suggestions for a possible solution. Take Sam as an illustration. His suggestions might be: put oil on the gear wheels; buy new gearwheels and replace the old ones; tighten or loosen the gear wheels.

Eventually one suggestion seems to be the solution to the problem. Sometimes the final idea comes very suddenly because the thinker suddenly sees something new or sees something in a new way. Sam, for example, suddenly sees that there is a piece of chewing gum between the gearwheels. He immediately realizes the solution to his problem: he must clean the gear wheels.

Finally the solution is tested. Sam cleans the gear wheels and finds that afterwards his bicycle works perfectly. In short, he has solved the problem.

1.What is the best title for this passage?

A. Six Stages for Repairing Sam’s Bicycle

B. Possible Ways to Problem-solving

C. Necessities of Problem Analysis

D. Suggestions for Analyzing a Problem

2.In analyzing a problem we should do all the following except __________.

A. recognize and define the problem

B. look for information to make the problem clearer

C. have suggestions for a possible solution

D. find a solution by trial or mistake

3.By referring to Sam’s broken bicycle, the author intends to _________.

A. illustrate the ways to repair his bicycle

B. discuss the problems of his bicycle

C. tell us how to solve a problem

D. show us how to analyze a problem

4.Which of the following is NOT true?

A. People do not analyze the problem they meet.

B. People often accept the opinions or ideas of other people.

C. People may learn from their past experience.

D. People can not solve some problems they meet.

根据短文内容，从对话后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

We are all called upon to make a speech at some point in life, but most of us don’t do a very good job. 1.

So, you have to give a speech and you are terrified. You get nervous, you forget what you want to say, you stumble over words, you talk too long, and you bore your audience. Later you think, “Thank Goodness, it’s over. I’m just not good at public speaking. I hope I never have to do that again.”

Cheer up! 2.Here are some simple steps to take the pain out of speech making. Ask yourself the purpose of your speech. What is the occasion? Why are you speaking? Then, gather as many facts as you can on your subject. Spend plenty of your time doing your research. Then spend plenty of your time organizing your material so that your speech is clear and easy to follow. Use as many examples as possible, and use pictures, charts, and graphs if they help you make your points more clearly. 3. Don’t talk over their heads, and don’t talk down to them. Treat your audience with respect. They will appreciate your thoughtfulness.

Just remember: Be prepared. Know your subject, your audience, and the occasion. Be brief. 4. And be yourself. Let your personality come through so that you make person-to-person contact with your audience. If you follow these simple steps, you will see that you don’t have to be afraid of public speaking. In fact, you may find the experience so enjoyable that you volunteer to make more speeches ! You’re not convinced yet? 5.

A. It doesn’t have to be that bad.

B. Take several deep breaths before your speech.

C. This article gives some advice on how to give good speech.

D. Say what you have to say and then stop.

E. Don’t say what you aren’t familiar with.

F. Never forget your audience.

G. Give it a try and see what happens.

短文改错

A young man called Low-Carbon Brother become a hit on the Internet in 2011. He suggests living a low carbon life, which means using less energy in our daily life so that we can help reducing carbon dioxide in the air. For example, she always picks up some waste paper on the street or uses the blank side to write something. While he is watching TV, he always turns up the screen brightness to the minimum and turns off the light. Therefore, he goes to work by bike instead of driving. Some people think what he is doing is just a show. No one can live such a simply life with so many modern invention around us. As far as I am concerned, I am strongly in favor his idea and his behavior. Although what he is doing has no huge effect on global warming, but he at least can enjoy a healthy life.

现今，大城市普遍存在着交通问题。它不仅给人们的生活和工作带来不便而且还威胁到了人们的生命安全。请以“Traffic Problems in Big Cities”为题，根据以下内容提示完成作文：

1. 描述两个常见的交通问题；

2. 简要分析导致这些交通问题的主要原因；

3. 根据你的分析，从社会规范(rules and regulations)和个人行为两方面谈谈你得到的启示(不少于两点)。

注意：1．词数：120 左右，开头已给出，不计入总词数。

Nowadays, traffic problems are common in big cities._______________________

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

Is this the first time you_______ Beijing?

A. have visited B. was visiting

C. visited D. has visited

Tsinghua University, ______ in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.

A. found B. founding C. founded D. to be founded

Rather than _______ on a crowded bus, he always prefers ______ a bike.

A. ride; to ride B. riding; ride

C. ride; ride D. to ride; riding

It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it ______ be rather cold sometimes.

A. must B. can C. should D. would

Johnny Smith was a good math student at a high school. He loved his computer. He came home early every day, and then he worked with it till midnight. But Johnny was not a good English student, not good at all. He got an F in his English class. One day after school Johnny joined his computer to the computer in his high school office. The school office computer had the grades of all the students: the math grades, the science grades, the grades in arts and music, and the grades in English. He found his English grade. An F! Johnny changed his English grade from an F to A. Johnny' parents looked at his report card. They were very happy.

"An A in English!" said Johnny's Dad. "You're a very clever boy, Johnny."

Johnny is a hacker(黑客). Hackers know how to take information from other computers and put new information in. Using a modem（调制调解器）, they join their computers to other computers secretly. School headmasters and teachers are worried about hackers. So are the police, for some people even take money from bank computer account and put it into their own ones. And they never have to leave home to do it! They are called hackers.

1.Johnny changed his English grade with the computer in _______.

A. the classroom B. the school office

C. a bank near his house D. his own house

2.When Johnny's parents saw the report, they were happy because _______.

A. Johnny was good at math

B. Johnny loved computers

C. Johnny could join one computer to another

D. they thought Johnny was not poor in English any longer

3.Who are worried about hackers in the story?

A. Johnny's parents

B. School headmasters, teachers and the police

C. Only the police

D. Many school headmasters and teachers

4.What should the hackers know well, do you think, after you read this story?

A. Information B. Bank computer accounts

C. Computers D. Grades

It’s a too long story — 17 months to be exact — with an ending that’s short and sweet. Ruthie has, finally and happily, been reunited with her family.

The story goes back to October, 2005. Ruthie, 8 months old, was sitting on the back seat of the family car when her owner walked hurriedly into a Long Island store. When Nancy Noel returned a few minutes later, Ruthie was nowhere in sight.

Nancy Noel and her husband, Lincoln Werden, got in touch with Nassau County police, put up flyers (小传单) around their Manhasset neighborhood. But no sightings of Ruthie were reported. Until last week, that is, someone sent Ruthie to a Manhattan shelter after finding her walking slowly around the Bronx — 25 miles from where she was taken on that fateful October day.

And then, shelter workers searched Ruthie for a possible microchip (微芯片) — she had one fixed under her skin. It showed her family’s name and address. Ruthie was immediately reunited with Nancy Noel and her daughter, Sara Werden.

“We never thought we would see her again,” said Sara Werden. “We were just amazed.”

She’s no longer the tiny pup they last saw. In fact, Ruthie gained (增加) 10 pounds during her months away from home. She’s on a diet now, and has already lost one and a half pounds. Ruthie also has a new friend to play with. The family had got another dog, named Holly, after losing the hope of ever finding their beloved Ruthie.

1.According to the passage, when did Ruthie get together with her family?

A. In October 2005. B. In March 2006.

C. In May 2007. D. In March 2007.

2.According to the passage, Ruthie should be _____.

A. a pet dog that Nancy Noel raised

B. one of Nancy Noel’s daughters

C. one of Holly’s sisters

D. a police working for Nancy Noel

3.Which of the following shows the right time order according to the passage?

a. Ruthie was sent to a shelter.

b. Ruthie stayed outside a Long Island store.

c. Ruthie was fixed a microchip.

d. Ruthie reunited with her family.

e. Shelter workers found Ruthie’s address.

A. baecd B. caebd C. bedac D. cbaed

4.Which of the following can be inferred according to the passage?

A. Ruthie was stolen by a thief.

B. Ruthie had enough food during the days when she was lost.

C. Nancy Noel never lost the hope of finding Ruthie.

D. Ruthie had to put on weight after she was found again.