题目内容
5.A.analyze B.relevant C.indicating D.restricted E.transform F.primarily G.disciplining H.reputations I.pioneered J.establishment K.necessarily |
Throughout Europe,institutions of higher learning had developed,bearing the ancient name of university.The German university was concerned(41)F with creating and spreading knowledge,not morals.Between mid-century and the end of the 1800's,more than nine thousand young Americans,dissatisfied with their training at home,went to Germany for advanced study.Some of them return to become presidents of colleges of high (42)H--Harvard,Yale,Columbia--and (43)E them into modern universities.The new presidents broke all ties with the churches and brought in a new kind of faculty.Professors were hired for their knowledge of a subject,not because they were of the proper faith and had a strong arm for (44)G students.The new principle was that a university was to create knowledge as well as pass it on,and this called for a faculty composed of teacher-scholars.Drilling and learning by rote were replaced by the German method of lecturing,in which the professor's own research was presented in class.Graduate training leading to the Ph.D.,an ancient German degree (45)C the highest level of advanced scholarly achievement,was introduced.With the(46)Jof the seminar system,graduate student learned to question,(47)A,and conduct their own research.
At the same time,the new university greatly expanded in size and course offerings,breaking completely out of the old,(48)D curriculum(课程) of mathematics,classics,rhetoric,and music.The president of Harvard (49)I the elective system,by which students were able to choose their own course of study.The notion of major fields of study emerged.The new goal was to make the university (50)B to the real pursuits of the world.Paying close attention to the practical needs of society,the new universities trained men and women to work at its tasks.Students were also trained as economists,architects,agriculturalists,social welfare workers,and teachers.
分析 本文为教育文化类说明文;文章介绍美国现代化大学的形成;美国传统的旧的大学依托教会教堂,课程有限,主要关注的是道德;在中世纪和19世纪末许多美国人学习德国的教学模式,扩大学校的规模和提供的课程,开创选课制;教授的聘用是因为他们的学识,而不是因为他们有"管教"学生的强硬手段.主修课程的概念慢慢形成,其目的是使得学校学习与真实世界的追求更相关.
解答 41.答案是F.本题考查语境中选择合适的副词.题干中需要的是修饰concerned的副词,根据语义,"主要"关注的是创造和传播知识,primarily主要地,故答案选F.
42.答案是H.本题考查语境中选择合适的名词.题干中需要的是被修饰high修饰的名词,根据破折号后面列举的大学推断,这些都是"有声望"的大学,reputation名誉,声望;故答案选H.
43.答案是E.本题考查语境中选择合适的动词.题干中and后需要的是与become并列的动词,transform,动词,改变;transform…into把…改变成;根据语境,这些人从德国回到美国后把原本的学院"转变成"现代化的综合性大学,故答案选E.
44.答案是G.本题考查语境中选择合适的动名词.题干中介词for后面需要的是做宾语的名词或动名词;根据语境,这些新的校长使得学校脱离教堂;教授的聘用是因为他们的学识,而不是因为他们有"管教"学生的强硬手段;discipline 动词,处罚;管教;故for后接discipline的动名词形式,答案是G.
45.答案是C.本题考查语境中选择合适动词的分词做定语.题干中degree(学位)后需要的是定语,indicate,动词,暗示,表明;根据语境,这些学位"表明"最高水平的学术上的成就,所以用indicate的现在分词做定语,故答案选C.
46.答案是J.本题考查语境中选择合适名词.题干中定冠词the后需要的是名词,establish,动词,建立;establishment名词,建立;根据语境,随着研讨会系统(the seminar system)的"建立",学生开始学会提问,故答案选J.
47.答案是A.本题考查语境中选择合适的动词.题干中需要的是与question和conduct并列的动词,根据语境,学生学会提问、"分析"和自己做研究,故答案选A.
48.答案是D.本题考查语境中选择合适定语.restricted形容词,有限制的;题干中需要的是curriculum的定语,由上文"expanded in size and course offerings扩大学校规模和提供的课程"推断过去的旧的系统课程选择"有限",故答案选D.
49.答案是I.本题考查语境中选择合适的动词.pioneer 动词,开创,倡导;题干中需要的是谓语动词,根据语境,哈佛大学校长"开创"了选课制,故答案选I.
50.答案是B.本题考查语境中选择合适的形容词词.relevant形容词,相关的;be relevant to 与…相关;make…relevant to使…与…相关;根据语境,主修课程(major fields )这个新概念的目标在于使得大学与真实世界的追求"更相关",故答案选B.
点评 选词填空类完形旨在考查考生对英语词汇的把握和在语篇中的综合运用能力、阅读理解能力.解答此类题,首先要浏览所给词汇,对这些词汇的意义、词性有一个初步的了解,然后在通读全文,了解文章大意的基础上进行试填;答完后再通读一篇文章,确保语句通顺,语意连贯.

A. | that | B. | it | C. | this | D. | one |
Carrying their heavy(38)A,the two brothers walked along the riverbank,hardly noticing the distance or the sun beating down..They were eager to reach their(39)Bbefore lunchtime.As they entered the cool,shadowy woods,they began to search for a suitable camping spot.Peter wanted to (40)D close to the river at the edge of the woods,(41)APaul,who was older,insisted that they camp further away.(42)C Peter followed his brother deeper into the(43)A."This really is a wonderful setting!"said Paul in excitement.They (44)Dthe tent,and settled down to eat the sandwiches they had made,then decided to find their way (45)Cto the river to catch some fish.
"Are you sure that this is the right (46)C?"whispered Peter shakily."I'm sure we passed that hollow tree just a while ago."Paul walked (47)Dsilently."Look,there it is again.We're lost,aren't we?"complained Peter.Paul had to admit that he didn't know where they were.(48)A,they were a long distance from where they were (49)Dto be.They were not even (50)Bof where they had set up their camp.They set in (51)Cfor a few minutes until Peter had a bright idea."Why don't we look for clues(线索) the way trackers(52)Bin the movies?We weren't careful about how we walked,so I'm sure we would have left (53)Asome broken tree branches and leaves."
Carefully,the boys (54)Cthe marks that they had left,until finally they found their campsite.Hurriedly,they packed their belongings and set off(55)D the direction of the river.
What would their parents think of their adventure?
36.A.surprising | B.exciting | C.annoying | D.frightening |
37.A.went round | B.went back | C.went away | D.went though |
38.A.load | B.torn | C.food | D.storage |
39.A.grassland | B.destination | C.field | D.river |
40.A.live | B.lie | C.wait | D.stay |
41.A.but | B.and | C.or | D.so |
42.A.Unconsciously | B.Unfortunately | C.Unwillingly | D.Uninterestingly |
43.A.woods | B.farm | C.setting | D.camp |
44.A.put off | B.put on | C.put down | D.put up |
45.A.forward | B.near | C.back | D.further |
46.A.place | B.mark | C.way | D.time |
47.A.alone | B.about | C.in | D.on |
48.A.After all | B.At last | C.Above all | D.At first |
49.A.discovered | B.encouraged | C.persuaded | D.supposed |
50.A.afraid | B.sure | C.informed | D.reminded |
51.A.enjoyment | B.satisfaction | C.disappointment | D.imagination |
52.A.appear | B.do | C.work | D.behave |
53.A.behind | B.out | C.aside | D.amount |
54.A.fetched | B.watched | C.followed | D.collected |
55.A.for | B.to | C.at | D.in |
On any given day,countless numbers of us get out of bed and (38)B to begin to change a given behavior"today."Whether it be exercising more,drinking less,managing time (39)B or some other change in a negative behavior,we start out with high (40)C.In a short time,however,a vast majority of people fail and are soon doing (41)D it was they thought they shouldn't be doing.
After considerable research,some researchers believe that behavior changes usually do not (42)Aif they start with the change itself.(43)C,they believe that we must (44)Ca series of"stages"to adequately prepare ourselves for that (45)Dchange.Once you have analyzed all the factors that (46)Bwhat you do,you must decide which behavior-change technique will work best for you.
According to the psychologist Albert Ellis,most(47)Aproblems and related behaviors arise from irrational (不理性的) statements that people make to (48)Dwhen events in their lives are different from what they would like them to be.For example,suppose after doing (49)Aon an exam,you say to yourself,"I can not believe I failed that easy exam.Iam so stupid."By changing this irrational"catastrophic"self-talk into rational,(50)Astatements about what is really going on,you can increase the (51)Dthat positive behaviors will occur.
Positive self-talk might be (52)Bas follows:"I really didn't study enough for the exam.I just need to prepare for the next (53)B".
Such self-talk will help you to recover quickly from (54)Cand take positive steps to correct the situation.Some other technique like purposefully (55)Cor stopping negative thoughts and refusing to dwell on (沉湎于) negative images can also spare you wasted energy,time and emotional resources and move on to positive changes.
36.A.decline | B.remain | C.disappear | D.improve |
37.A.substitute | B.cancel | C.find | D.ignore |
38.A.refuse | B.determine | C.hesitate | D.advocate |
39.A.more | B.better | C.worse | D.less |
40.A.values | B.requirements | C.expectations | D.levels |
41.A.whichever | B.however | C.wherever | D.whatever |
42.A.succeed | B.fail | C.exist | D.fade |
43.A.Nevertheless | B.Otherwise | C.Instead | D.Moreover |
44.A.look through | B.break through | C.go through | D.pull through |
45.A.initial | B.temporary | C.instant | D.eventual |
46.A.involve | B.influence | C.explain | D.adjust |
47.A.emotional | B.physical | C.technical | D.professional |
48.A.all | B.others | C.someone | D.themselves |
49.A.poorly | B.carefully | C.completely | D.slowly |
50.A.positive | B.ridiculous | C.negative | D.explicit |
51.A.danger | B.awareness | C.amount | D.probability |
52.A.written | B.phrased | C.listed | D.captioned |
53.A.research | B.test | C.talk | D.problem |
54.A.tiredness | B.habits | C.disappointment | D.burdens |
55.A.recalling | B.starting | C.blocking | D.holding |