题目内容

It started off as part of French military training and has since evolved as a sport, founded by Sebastian Foucan and David Belle, to encompass a wide variety of techniques, philosophies and exercises. Park-our now enjoys the devotion of many die-hard fans across the world and has been the source for much inspiration.
But what is park-our? It is the art of using only your body to navigate from Point A to B in the least time possible, which involves besides leaping, climbing and sprinting, various unusual and complex movements to overcome barriers. Just like the James Bond in the movie Casino Royale? Bond jumps down from a roof to a windowsill and then runs several blocks over obstacles on the way. It is just because of Bond’s wonderful performances that the sport has become popular worldwide.
Yes, that’s pork-our, an extreme street sport aimed at moving from one point to another as quickly as possible, getting over all the obstacles in the path using only the abilities of the human body. Park-our is considered an extreme sport. As its participants dash around a city, they may jump over fences, run up walls and even move from rooftop to rooftop.
Park-our can be just as exciting and charming as it sounds, but its participants see much more in park-our than that.
To overcome all the obstacles on the course and in life is part of the philosophy(理念)behind park-our. This is the same as life. You must determine your destination, go straight, jump over all the barriers as if in park-our and never fall back from them in your life to reach the destination successfully. A park-our lover said, “I love park-our, because its philosophy has become my life, my way to do everything.”
Another philosophy we’ve learned from park-our is freedom. It can be done by anyone, at any time, anywhere in the world. It is a kind of expression of trust in yourself so that you earn energy and confidence.
小题1: Park-our has become popular throughout the world because of ________.
A．its founder, David BelleB．the film, Casino Royale
C．its risks and tricksD．the varieties of participants
小题2:The underlined word “obstacles” in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to “________”.
A．streetsB．objectsC．barriersD．roofs
小题3:As its participants move around a city, _________.
A．they can ask for helpB．they may choose to escape
C．they should run to extremesD．they must learn to survive
小题4:Which of the following is TRUE about park-our?
A．It challenges human abilities.B．It is a good but boring sport
C．It needs special trainingD．It is a team sport
小题5:Which of the following is the philosophy of park-our?
A．Sports and extremes.B．Excitement and freedom.
C．Dreams and success.D．Self-confidence and freedom.

小题1:B
小题2:C
小题3:C
小题4:A
小题5:D

试题分析：文章介绍跑酷运动的起源和流行，还有跑酷运动的精髓和包含其中的哲学。
小题1:细节题：从第二段的句子：It is just because of Bond’s wonderful performances that the sport has become popular worldwide.可知跑酷运动是因为电影Casino Royale而在全世界流行的。选B
小题2:猜词题：从第二段的句子：Bond jumps down from a roof to a windowsill and then runs several blocks over obstacles on the way. 可知这个单词是“障碍”的意思。选C
小题3:细节题：从第三段的句子：Park-our is considered an extreme sport. As its participants dash around a city, they may jump over fences, run up walls and even move from rooftop to rooftop.可知跑酷是一项极限运动。选C
小题4:细节题：从第三段的句子：that’s pork-our, an extreme street sport aimed at moving from one point to another as quickly as possible, getting over all the obstacles in the path using only the abilities of the human body. 可知跑酷是挑战人类的能力的运动。选A
小题5:细节题：从第五段的句子：A park-our lover said, “I love park-our, because its philosophy has become my life, my way to do everything.”和第六段的句子： Another philosophy we’ve learned from park-our is freedom. 可知跑酷的哲学是自信和自由。选D
点评：文章介绍跑酷运动的起源和流行，还有跑酷运动的精髓和包含其中的哲学。本文主要还是考查了细节题和推理题，注重综合语言能力的运用，需要根据段落大意，结合语境，做出准确的判断。要求考生在仔细阅读文本的基础上，仔细审题和每个选项，做适当的延伸，做出合理的判断推理。
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Work your brain!
Between 2 and 3 pounds of wonder, it controls everything we say, do or think, who we are and what we care about. The way we walk or laugh or figure out things. What we like and the talents we possess. How we see and talk and run and jump and process our food.
The brain uses 20 percent of our body’s oxygen and 20 percent of its blood. Somewhere within its protein, fat, 100,000 miles of blood vessels and 100 billion nerve cells, it helps us remember where we put our gym shoes. Change our temperature so we don’t die because of the heat or cold. Speed us up or slow us down. Help us choose between orange juice or orange­flavored drinks.
Its complexity are stunning, far beyond anything most of us can imagine. To keep this work of art as polished as possible we need to eat right, exercise and keep mentally stimulated. Good nutrition helps brain cells communicate with each other. Exercise stimulates a hormone in our brain that improves memory. Mental stimulation keeps you sharp even as you age.
“It’s very important that we tell people to be physically active and mentally active,” said neurologist Malcolm Stewart.“People cannot stop aging, but you’re able to reduce the damage; you’re able to keep the function up.”
Following are Dr. Stewart’s advice for improving brain health：
Nutrition
Avoid fast food. Follow the old adage(格言): For breakfast, eat like a king; for lunch, like a queen; for supper, like a beggar.
Exercise
Do a combination of stretching aerobic and muscle strengthening every day.
Mental games
Try to have a sense of hope about the future. Do puzzles. Listen to music. Reach out to others to make their lives better.
小题1:The purpose of the author in writing this passage is to ______.
A．inform us how the brain works
B．give us advice on how to keep the brain healthy
C．tell us that the brain plays an important role in our lives
D．show how special the brain is to us
小题2:The underlined word “stunning” means ______.
A．interesting 　B．strangeC．significant　D．amazing
小题3:According to the text，more exercise ______.
A．keeps our mind sharp
B．helps improve our memory
C．gives our brain a rest 　
D．is good for brain cells communicating with each other
小题4:In order to keep brain healthy，we should avoid ______.
A．eating a good lunch B．doing puzzles
C．eating a large supper D．taking aerobic exercise
Why are people interested in eating raw foods or whole foods (天然健康食品) ? One reason is that eating these types of food reduces the risk of acid (酸) accumulation in your body.
Raw and whole foods are usually digested more efficiently than cooked foods. When we cook foods, we destroy the natural enzymes (酶) that are part of the food in its raw form. These enzymes were intended by nature to help us digest the food. When we consume food without these natural enzymes, our bodies either digest the food improperly or allow too many nutrients to be absorbed into the bloodstream. In both instances, the result is overweight. When too many nutrients are absorbed at once, the body grows fat. Improperly digested food moves slowly through the digestive system, where it becomes increasingly acidic. To protect its vital organs from this acidic waste, the body changes the acid into fat and stores it safely away from the organs.
Processed foods (加工食品) contain chemical elements, which might confuse the appetite mechanism that tells us when we’ve had enough to eat; as a result, people often overeat. Processed foods also upset the digestive cycle. The body will either identify these foods as allergens and then store them safely away from the organs as fat, or the remains of undigested food will become acidic and enter the bloodstream as acid waste, which will stick to the blood vessel walls and block the passage of vital oxygen and nutrients heading for the body’s cells. The body’s metabolism (新陈代谢) becomes inactive, and the result is weight gain and obesity.
The accumulation of acid in the digestive system makes digestion increasingly inefficient. When that happens, even healthy foods can become acidic and the food allergies will become more common.
To stop this vicious circle in its tracks, people need to consume food and supplements that will neutralize the acid already accumulated in body. Eating the right types of raw and whole foods can help. It’s also important to restore your enzyme balance. You need to identify and avoid the foods that cause acid accumulation and consume the foods that increase enzyme production. If you truly want to change and help your body heal itself, you need to take an active approach. One effective way is to choose raw and whole foods appropriately according to your health conditions and personal preferences.
小题1:It can be inferred from Para. 2 that __________.
A．we’d better be cautious about raw and whole foods
B．foods with natural enzymes help people keep fit
C．it is important for people to protect their vital organs
D．giving up cooked and refined foods is a new lifestyle
小题2:Processed foods are unhealthy because they __________.
A．destroy body’s cellsB．harm your stomach
C．may lead to obesityD．stop body’s natural function
小题3:What is the main purpose of this passage?
A．To warn people of the problem of overweight.
B．To inform people of the harm of processed foods.
C．To advocate eating more raw and whole foods.
D．To tell the differences between raw and processed foods.
小题4:What is likely to be talked about following the last paragraph?
A．Different causes of acid accumulation.
B．Correct ways to cook raw foods.
C．Active approaches to avoid acid.
D．Suitable types of raw and whole foods.
Was the London Olympics a success? Many people hold different opinions. However one thing is certain, London could win a gold medal for hosting the “greenest” Games ever, BBC News reported.
Previous Olympic hosts have been criticized for the environmental damage they have caused through construction, waste. and transport. But things had to be different in London because seven years ago it bid for the Olympics through the concept of “a One Planet Olympics”.
What is most impressive is that London used the construction of the Olympic Park as an opportunity to clean up polluted areas — 2 million tons of contaminated (被污染的) soil were removed and 200 old factory buildings, were torn down, according to sustainablebusiness.com. But that’s not all —. 99 percent of the debris (废瓦砾) were reused to build the Olympic Park. For example, part of the Olympic Stadium’s roof is made from 2,500 tons of steel tubes recycled from old gas pipelines.
As well as using recycled materials, all venues were built with green building techniques. The Olympic Stadium is the lightest one ever built, which minimized the amount of steel and concrete needed. Also, the handball field has lighting pipes on the roof that reduce electricity use by 40 percent, according to sustainablebusiness.com.
The effort that London made to deal with waste also deserves praise. Water used for drinking and watering plants was from collected rainwater or recycled wastewater. In this way. about 30-40 percent less water was used in total. Waste food packages were either recycled or processed and turned into renewable energy.
As one of the best connected places in Europe, London tried to solve traffic jams by encouraging the use of public transport. For example, it had trains deliver half of the building materials, instead of cars, which greatly reduced carbon emissions.
The clean anti-doping (反兴奋剂) result also added to the greenness of the Games. The International Olympics Committee (IOC) said that the devices used this time were the most accurate and advanced. Only one athlete tested positive for a banned drug on the day of competing, which is why the IOC President, Jacques Rogge, has praised anti-doping efforts at the London Games.
小题1:To make the Olympic Park green, London _______.
A．recycled 2 million tons of contaminated soil
B．removed 99 percent of the debris from the city
C．built the Olympic Stadium mostly with recycled materials
D．applied green building techniques to the construction work
小题2:The underlined word “minimized” in the fourth paragraph probably means
A．increased as much as possible
B．reduced as much as possible
C．made good use of
D．took little notice
小题3:What can we conclude from the article?
A．The London Olympics cost less than the other Olympics ever held.
B．London has possessed the most advanced techniques to deal with waste.
C．Public transport is made good use of in London during the Olympic games.
D．The anti-doping result in the London Olympics turned out to be dissatisfactory.
小题4:Which of the following best shows the structure of the text?

小题5:What is the best title of the passage?
A．How to deal with the anti-doping
B．How to use recycled materials
C．London’s green games
D．London’s public transport
An allergy is a strong reaction to a substance. Many things can cause allergies. The most common cause is pollen (花粉), which is usually produced by trees in the spring, grasses in the summer and weeds in the fall, as part of their reproductive process.
Other causes include organisms, chemicals, plants and dead skin particles from dogs and cats can also cause allergic reactions. So can insect stings and some food.
The most common kind of allergic reactions is itchy (痒的) , watery eyes and a blocked or watery nose. Allergies can also cause red, itchy skin. Some reactions can be life-threatening, for example, when breathing passages become blocked.
It is not always easy to avoid allergies. Drugs may offer an effective treatment. Another treatment used in some cases is called immunotherapy. A patient is injected with small amounts of the allergy-causing substance. The idea is that larger and larger amounts are given over time until the patient develops resistance in his body.
In the United States, experts estimate that up to 8% of young children have food allergies. Every year these allergies cause about 30,000 cases with severe reactions that require immediate treatment. It can result in breathing trouble and in some cases death. It is said that about 100 to 200 people will die. It is said that most of the reactions are caused by peanuts and tree nuts like walnuts.
People can also be allergic to medicines. The American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology says about 10％ of bad reactions to commonly used medicines are allergic. In other words, a person’s immune system overreacts and produces an allergic reaction. The most common reactions include skin rashes, itching, breathing problems and swelling in areas such as the face.
小题1:Allergies seldom occur in winter because ________.
A．plants don’t usually flower in cold weather
B．people usually wear thick clothes
C．pollen is active below freezing point
D．the weather is too cold for viruses
小题2:What will happen if one’s breathing passages get blocked?
A．It is nothing serious.B．One’s life is at risk.
C．One has to be sent to hospital.D．One is sure to breathe easily.
小题3:According to immunotherapy, the patient is supposed to________.
A．take some medicines to produce antibodies
B．have immediate operations
C．be given the allergy-causing substance until the patient develops resistance
D．be exposed to enough allergy-causing substances
小题4:The best title would be _______.
A．The ABCs of AllergiesB．The Cause of Allergies
C．The Treatment of AllergiesD．The Prevention of Allergies
It is easy to overlook the role that your body plays in influencing your mood(情绪). When you are 49 , you may find yourself blaming work pressures or an unknown future. However, it could just be that you’ve been sitting behind your desk too long.
One way to improve your mood is 50 . Psychologically, it provides you with a break from the stresses in your life. Also, in the process, you may aim for  51  goals, like a new personal running record or a better body shape. The achievement of a particular goal makes you feel good and contributes to your 52 . That is why exercise has been shown to 53 your self-respect.
You do not have to train yourself 54  to feel the psychological benefits of exercise. What really matters is 55 , not intensity(强度) of your exercise. You can try walking for 30 minutes five times per week or simply gardening on weekends.
小题1:
A．illB．poorC．unhappyD． unsuccessful
小题2:
A．playB．communicationC．sleepD． exercise
小题3:
A．clearB．presentC．commonD． early
小题4:
A．abilityB．relationshipC．confidenceD． business
小题5:
A．tear downB．build upC．set asideD． give out
小题6:
A．hardB．everywhereC．carefullyD． late
小题7:
A．timeB．lengthC．formD． frequency
As we know, it is common for people to catch a cold in winter and most people believe they know the reason for colds. However, scientists say people have some wrong beliefs about the cause of colds.
Many people think that once you get infected by colds, you will not be easy to be attacked by colds for the rest of your life. That’s not the case. There are about 200 different viruses that cause the common cold. You catch a cold because of one kind of them this time, but you might catch a cold next time because of another.
Others believe that people get sick just because of the cold weather in winter. That is also wrong.
It’s because people tend to stay closer in winter and the cold virus is transmitted from one person to another through handshakes, sneezing, or coughing.
While there is no actual cure for the common cold, scientists say there are still a few things you can do to help you. Some experts say honey and chicken soup are effective against colds. Especially honey. There is increasing evidence that it helps shorten the duration of the common cold sometimes even by two to three days particularly in children. Chicken soup also helps reduce the duration of the cold.
In addition, if you do have a cold and you don’t feel like eating anything, it’s not going to hurt you but you have to drink a lot and you can drink water or tea because doctors say the water cycle in your bodies helps to cure colds. That’s very important. Though there is more than one way to deal with colds, doctors say the best advice is to continue using whatever works best for you.
小题1:We know from the second paragraph that ______.
A．the common cold is caused by only one virus
B．there are people who never catch a cold
C．colds can be caused by different viruses
D．all people are easily attacked by colds
小题2: The underlined word “transmitted” in the fourth paragraph means “______”.
A．passedB．changedC．curedD．caused
小题3:If you have a cold, you can do the following except ______.
A．drinking a lot of waterB．drinking chicken soups
C．eating honeyD．forcing yourself to eat
小题4: It can be inferred from the passage that ______.
A．now scientists have found out practical treatment for colds
B．different people may have different ways to fight against colds
C．working in freezing weather is the main reason for colds
D．colds can be passed from animals to human beings
A friend of mine was in low spirits one day. He usually dealt with this state of mind by avoiding people until the mood passed. But on that day Fred had an important meeting with his boss, so he decided to put on a false front. During the meeting Fred smiled, joked and played the part of a happy, good-natured person. To his surprise, he soon discovered he was no longer depressed. 
Without realizing it, Fred chanced to find an important new principle of psychological research: acting a part can help us feel the way we want to feel — more self-assured in a trying situation, more cheerful when things go wrong.
How can you put this principle to work in your own life? There’s more involved than simply mimicking a few expressions. You have to be systematic about it. Here’s how:
Smile to cheer yourself up.
Relax to reduce anxiety or fear.
Look your best to increase your self-confidence.
Keep cool in a crisis.
Using our bodies and actions to change the way we feel can be a useful tool in helping us through life’s difficult times. As novelist George Eliot wrote more than a century ago, “Our deeds determine us, as much as we determine our deeds.” People who remember that — and act upon it — can only be richer and happier for the experience.
小题1:In paragraph 1 the underlined phrase “to put on a false front” means ______.
A．to wear a wrong coat
B．to act a part unsuccessfully
C．to show a pretended happy appearance
D．to put on airs
小题2:According to Paragraph 1, Fred ______before the meeting.
A．had very few spirits
B．had many spirits
C．was in bad mood
D．was in good mood
小题3:The underlined phrase “mimicking” in Paragraph 3 most probably means ______.
A．learning quickly
B．making faces
C．behaving well
D．imitating others
小题4:In the last paragraph, the quotation “Our deeds determine us, as much as we determine our deeds” may show that ______.
A．actions speak louder than words
B．the more we do, the happier we are
C．our feeling cannot change our behavior
D．actions are very important for us to beat bad moods for good
Over the years, Americans have become used to salt．Most people have no idea how much salt they consume-on average, about 9 to 12 gram per person per day, according to the American Heart Association．That's twice the amount recommended by the government．
A new study last week showed eating even a little less salt could greatly help the heart．The scientists said the results would be thirteen percent fewer heart attacks, eight percent fewer strokes（中风）, four percent fewer deaths and eleven percent fewer new cases of heart disease．
Researchers also found that the benefits would be greatest for African Americans and women．As a group, African Americans tend to have higher blood pressure than the general population, and "many studies suggest that they may be more sensitive to salt," says Dr.Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, an epidemiologist（流行病学家）at the University of California, San Francisco．Her analysis found that a reduction of 3 gram of salt per day would reduce heart attacks 8% on average; among African Americans, that rate would drop 10%．A similar result was found in women, whose stroke risk dropped 8% with a 3-g reduction in salt intake; in men, the risk fell 5%．
They and public health professionals in the United States are interested in a national campaign to persuade people to eat less salt．
However, other scientists say such a campaign is an experiment with the health of millions of people．
Michael Alderman, a high blood pressure expert and professor at Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York, says that eating less salt results in lower blood pressure．But he says studies have not clearly shown that lowering salt means fewer heart attacks or strokes．
“Salt has other biological effects． Calling for reductions in the national diet could have good effects, as well as harmful results． There is not enough evidence either way,”said Michael Alderman．
小题1:Eating too much salt may lead to the following EXCEPT           ．
A．strokeB．heart diseaseC．high blood pressure D．lung cancer
小题2:What can we learn from the passage?
A．Most Americans take more salt than advised．
B．African women eat more salt than Americans．
C．One's origin determines how much salt he can eat．
D．Good health is just on the basis of having less salt．
小题3:The author's attitude toward the study is         ．
A．coldB．objectiveC．subjectiveD．doubtful
小题4:What's the best title of the passage?
A．The Benefits of Eating Less Salt．
B．A New Study on Salt and Diseases．
C．An Argument Over Salt and Health．
D．The Harm Caused by Too Much Salt．

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