Question

18．As each semester begins，my colleague greets his students wearing a jacket and tie．
"You make only one first impression，"he says．So while the rest of the semester he teaches class in his usual，more casual clothes，the first week he presents a different image．
His thought is that students will remember their first meet positively and more readily think highly of him as the semester goes on because that favorable first impression has an influence on them．
The sequence （顺序） that we meet matters in how we judge subsequent （后来的） information．The big influence of first impressions is related to the halo effect，where the perception （看法） of positive qualities in one thing or part gives rise to the perception of similar qualities in related things or in the whole．
Here is an example：You meet a friendly person at a party and later are asked to collect money for a worthy cause．You call that person because you think she will make a contribution．In reality，there is no connection between being pleasant and being generous．Yet the halo effect leads you to think that the two are related．
The halo effect is powerful，but it is questionable whether it matters much in long-term relationships，such as that between teacher and student．While dressing up may make students think the teacher must know his subject matter because he creates a professional first impression，the effect wears thin if the person turns out to be a poor t eacher after all．
First impressions matter but they don't have the final word．Facts speak louder．If you had never seen or heard of Einstein，the first time you saw him your impression would most likely be negative．Now his face is connected with genius （天才），not madness because he is the person who has come to define what genius is．
The problem is that few of us are Einsteins and we often don't get the chance to change a negative first impression．
12．The author explains th e halo effect mainly byD．
A．following the order of importance 
B．making a comparison
C．setting down general rules       
D．giving an example
13．In the author's eyes，the halo effectD．
A．is surprisingly powerful      
B．matters more in the long run   
C．makes some teachers irresponsible
D．may affect our judgment of others  
14．The author uses the example of Einstein to show the importance ofC．
A．appearance        
B．impressions
C．truth          
D．fairness
15．The author seems to advise readersC．
A．not to follow others'judgments  
B．not to judge a book by its cover
C．to mind their first impressions    
D．to pay no attention to the halo effect．

Answer 1

分析 短文主要说明了"晕轮效应"，即人们往往会对第一印象比较深刻．

解答 12．D．考察细节理解题．由文章第5段Here is an example，可知作者介绍晕轮效应主要是通过例子来论述的，所以答案是D．
13 D．考察细节理解题．由文章第6段the effect wears thin if the person turns out to be a poor t eacher after all．穿得单薄的效果会让人认为这是一个贫穷的老师，可知作者认为"晕轮效应"会影响人们的判断，所以答案是D．
14．C．考察细节理解题．由文章Facts speak louder．If you had never seen or heard of  Einstein，the first time you saw him your impression would most likely be negative．Now his face is  connected with genius （天才），not madness because he is the person who has come to define what genius is可知作者通过讲述爱因斯坦的例子是为了说明事实的重要性，所以答案是C．
15．C．考察细节理解题．由文章最后一段The problem is that few of us are Einsteins and we often don't get the chance to change a negative first impression，可知作者建议大家要关注第一印象，所以答案是C．

点评 本篇文章都是细节推理题，答题的已给选项也一般不会和短文相关词语完全相同，需要考生自己理解句子，延伸推理出题目答案，比一般细节理解题偏难．