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Bolivia has a population of three and a half million. About one tenth of the total population are white; one-fourth are mixed Indians and white; and more than half are full-blooded Indians. The government and the industries are under the control of the white people.

The Indians today live in much the same way as their ancestors. Most of them are farmers. Many work in the mines, for mining is the most important industry on Bolivia’s. Of all the mining products, tin is the most important, which makes up three-fourths of all Bolivia’s exports. The eastern slopes of the Andes, since there are very few roads there, are fertile but not highly developed. The two primary means of transportation are river boats and porters. East of the hill region is the great plains where tropical plants are grown. A serious problem for Bolivia is the transport of food from the warm regions, where it is grown, to the mountainous regions, where most of the people live.

Bolivia gained its independence from Spain about a hundred years ago. It has been slow in developing, but its rich resources promise a better future in it.

1.The majority of the Bolivian population are __________.

A. full-blooded Indians B. mixed Indian and white

C. white citizens D. all whites and mixed-blooded people

2.The Indian’s way of life today is ___________.

A. quite different from that of their ancestors B. quite interesting

C. almost the same as their ancestors’ D. very exciting

3.The eastern slopes of the Andes is not highly developed because ________.

A. there are thick forests there B. there are very few roads there

C. there are many fine mines there D. they are not fertile enough

4.Bolivia has been slow in developing , but it has hope for a better future because of its ____.

A. mining products B. rich resources

C. independence from Spain D. two primary means of transportation

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Scientists around the world have been studying the warming of waters in the Pacific Ocean known as El Nino(厄尔尼诺). The appearance of El Nino is known to affect the weather around the world. Scientists still do not completely understand it. Yet they now find they can use it to tell about the future in different areas of the world.

One example is the work of two scientists at Columbia University in New York, Mark Cane and Gordon Eshel. A scientist of Zimbabwe, Roger Buckland worked with them. They have found that when El Nino appears, Zimbabwe has little or no rain. This means corn crops in Zimbabwe are poor. The last El Nino was in 1991 to 1993. That was when southeastern Africa suffered a serious lack of rain.

The scientists wrote about their recent work in the publication Nature. Their computer program can tell when an El Nino will develop up to a year before it does. They suggest that this could provide an effective early warning system for southern Africa, and could prevent many people from starving.

1.El Nino is known as ___.

A. the changing of the weather in southern Africa

B. the warming of waters in the Pacific Ocean

C. the weather which brings drought(旱灾) to Africa

D. the weather phenomenon (现象)that brings heavy rains to Africa

2.Scientists study El Nino in order that ___.

A. they can provide a kind of early warning to the place that will suffer from drought

B. they can tell why Zimbabwe has little or no rain

C. they can do some research work in this field.

D. they can put all this information into their computers.

3.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A. Nature is the name of the article written recently by the scientists.

B. Three scientists from the USA work on this subject.

C. Southern Africa suffered a serious drought and many people died from hunger.

D. El Nino has something to do with Zimbabwe’s poor crops.

4.What’s the best title for this passage?

A. Appearance of El Nino is Predictable（可预测的） B. Drought in Zimbabwe

C. Early Warning System D. Weather in Africa

Emily did not look like other infants（幼儿）when she was born.She had a distinct appearance facially,standing out among the other babies in the hospital.She was born with Apert Syndrome,which affects physical appearance in several ways.I was first introduced to many of the facts of this rare Syndrome when Emily's mother came in to speak to me a few days before first grade.

Now Emily found herself in a new school,with unfamiliar classmates.I noticed a little girl's startled expression as she focused on Emily.Emily smiled at the child and the little girl smiled back.The first lime my teaching aide had to leave the room,a child jumped up and asked if she could help Emily.This girl stood over Emily,dotting words and sentences for her trace,exactly as her aide did each morning.A cute redheaded girl often stared into space rarely completing required tasks.Then one day she volunteered to help Emily.

Then came that day in March when Emily's mom told me she was to have facial surgery.I had to explain her absence.I was asked many logical questions."Did it hurt?" "Will she come back?"

Emily's hospital conduct further illustrated her excellent bravery.She told her father,"I do not want you to carry me into the operating room."She explained to the attending nurse that she did not want any medicine and didn't want to wear the blue operating room cap or change into hospital clothes.Emily walked into the operating room on her own feet!

It was inevitable that some of the children would see Emily after her operation,before she came to school for a visit.I had to explain that she was wearing something that looked like a catcher's mask on her face.Some visited her at home.Each child who saw her came to school greeted the class by shouting,"I saw Emily!"my first-graders had the ability to perceive the heart of Emily and I feel certain that she will continue to use her remarkable（非凡的） strength of character to overcome the struggles she has yet to face.

1.The first paragraph implies that Emily's mom .

A. told the writer about Emily's disease in advance

B. begged the writer to care for Emily personally

C. advised the writer to get along with Emily

D. introduced Emily to the writer in person

2.While at school,Emily's classmates .

A. treated her as much independently as possible

B. were all eager to help her with learning tasks

C. asked her a lot of questions on her disease

D. felt frightened at the sight of her face appearance

3.From what Emily said to her father,we know .

A. she was afraid of taking medicines

B. she didn't like hospital clothes at all

C. she was brave enough to face the operation

D. she required attending nurses to carry her

People living in the country enjoy several advantages that people living in the city cannot enjoy.

They are in close contact (接触) with nature. They make friends with trees and stones. They breathe fresh air. They fight with strong winds. They listen to the song of birds. This contact with nature is good for health. There are many diseases that are common in the city, but are not to be found in the country, For example, near---sightedness is almost unknown to country people. Because of the absence of cars, one can walk more freely in the country than in the city. There are no rules of the road nor traffic signs to obey. People living in the country can easily get fresh vegetables, fresh fruit and fresh milk, and they get them at lower prices than in the city. Country life is economical (节俭的) in other ways, too. There are practically no temptations to waste money.

Country people are mostly honest. They say what they mean, and make and keep promises with sincerity (诚意). They do not put on air (摆架子). They do not pretend to have those ridiculous (荒谬的) manners which are necessary in what we call polite society.

1.What is probably more expensive in the country than in the city?

A. Vegetables.

B. Beer.

C. Milk.

D. Fruit.

2.What is NOT true of country life?

A. The traffic accident rate is very high in the country.

B. Living in the country saves one a lot of money.

C. Country people enjoy better health than the city people.

D. Country people are honest.

3.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?

A. People living in the country enjoy no advantages.

B. People living in the city are in close contact with nature.

C. People living in the country suffer from more diseases than those living in the city.

4.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?

A. The Disadvantages of Living in the Country.

B. The Expenses of Living in the Country.

C. Country Life.

D. Healthy Country People.

Are you a man or a mouse? When people ask this question they want to know ____ you think you are a _____person or a coward (懦 夫). But you will never really know the answer to this question ___ you are tested in real life. Some people _____they are brave but when they come face to face with real ____, they act like cowards. Others think of themselves as cowards, but when they meet danger, they act like ____ .

Lenny had always thought of himself as a ___ person. He got worried before examinations. He worried about his job and health. All he wanted in life was to be safe and healthy. ___, on January 15th, 2002, a plane crashed into the Potomac River in Washington. Lenny went to the river to see what was happening. He saw a woman in the ____water. Lenny did not feel afraid. He kept very ____and did a very dangerous thing. He jumped into the Potomac, ____ to the woman, and kept her head ___ the water. Seventy-eight people died that day. Thanks to Lenny, it was not ____.

When you are in a very ____ situation and feel afraid, the body automatically produces a chemical in the blood. The chemical is called adrenalin（肾上腺素）. ___ adrenalin in the blood system, you actually feel stronger and stronger and are ____ to fight or run away. However, when you are absolutely terrified, the body can produce too much adrenalin. When this ___ , the muscles（肌肉） become very hard and you find you _____move at all. You are then paralyzed (使无能为力) with fear. This is ____when we are very frightened, we sometimes say we’re “petrified(惊呆的)”. This word comes from the Greek word “petros”, which means “stone”. We are ____ frightened that we become stonelike.

1.A. how B. neither C. whether D. either

2.A. brave B. real C. hard D. certain

3.A. when B. until C. after D. once

4.A. realize B. find C. think D. agree

5.A. life B. question C. mouse D. danger

6.A. soldiers B. mice C. heroes D. cowards

7.A. useful B. brave C. nervous D. terrible

8.A. So B. Therefore C. Then D. Actually

9.A. fresh B. poisonous C. warm D. ice-cold

10.A. nervous B. calm C. frightened D. excited

11.A. went B. helped C. spoke D. swam

12.A. in B. under C. above D. from

13.A. an accident B. a mistake C. seventy-eight D. seventy-nine

14.A. dangerous B. comfortable C. different D. favorable

15.A. With B. Without C. For D. Like

16.A. afraid B. unable C. ready D. anxious

17.A. gets B. disappears C. happens D. goes

18.A. needn’t B. can’t C. mustn’t D. shouldn’t

19.A. where B. how C. because D. why

20.A. really B. very C. such D. so

Some colors people see late at night could cause signs of clinical（临床的）depression (沮丧). That was the finding of a study that builds on earlier study findings. They show that individuals (个人) who live or work in low levels of light overnight (整夜) can develop clinical depression. Doctors use the word “clinical depression” to describe severe form of depression. Signs may include loss of interest or pleasure in most activities, low energy levels and thoughts of death or suicide.

In the new study, American investigators designed an experiment that exposed hamsters（仓鼠）to different colors. The researchers chose hamsters because they are nocturnal（夜行的）, which means they sleep during the day and are active at night.

The animals were separated into four groups. One group of hamsters was kept in the dark during their night-time period. Another group was placed in front of a blue light, a third group slept in front of a white light, while a fourth was put in front of a red light.

After four weeks, the researchers noted how much sugary water the hamsters drank. They found that the most depressed animals drank the least amount of water.

Randy Nelson heads the Department of Neuroscience at Ohio State University. He says animals that slept in blue and white light appeared to be the most depressed. “What we saw is that these animals didn’t show any sleep uneasiness (不安) at all but they did mess up biological clock genes and they did show depressive sign while if they were in the dim（微弱）red light, they did not.”

Randy Nelson notes that photosensitive（感光）cells in the eyes have little to do with eyesight. He says these cells send signals to the area of the brain that controls what has been called the natural sleep-wake cycle.

He says there’s a lot of blue in white light. This explains why the blue light and white light hamsters appear to be more depressed than the hamsters seeing red light or darkness.

1.Researchers use hamsters in the experiment because __________.

A. they are similar to humans in dealing with colors

B. they are easy to observe and study

C. they are sensitive to colors like human beings

D. they are active at night and sleep during the day

2.What sign shows that the hamsters are being depressed?

A. They drink less sugary water. B. They don’t sleep well.

C. Their eyesight becomes worse. D. Their energy level becomes low.

3.What can help people who work late at night to avoid being depressed?

A. Not being exposed to dim red light when using computers.

B. Equipping their computer screens to put it more in the reddish light.

C. Living or working in low levels of light overnight.

D. Going to see doctors of clinical depression regularly for help.

You’ve done much of the work, and please leave ______ to us.

A. the rest B. the other

C. another D. the others

When I was a boy we had several gardens around our old house. The largest one of all was used just for __ potatoes. I can still remember those potato __ days. The whole __ helped.

__ my Dad had tilled(耕地）the soil, my Mom, brothers, and I went to work. It was my job to __ the little seed potatoes in the rows while my Mom dropped __ of fertilizer (肥料）beside them. My brothers then covered them all __ the freshly turned earth.

For months afterward I would __ over at the garden while I played outside and wonder what was going on underneath the ground. When the harvest time came I was __ at the huge size of the potatoes my Dad pulled out of the soil.

Those little seedlings had grown into sweet food. They would be __ meal after meal of baked potatoes, mashed potatoes, fried potatoes, and my __ favorite: potatoes cooked in spaghetti sauce.

They would __ the entire family well fed throughout the whole year. It __ was a miracle to be held.

Thinking back to those special times makes me wonder how many other __ I have planted in tills life that have grown ___in the hearts and minds of others.

How many times has God used some little thing that I said __ did to grow something beautiful? How many __ has Heaven used these little seedlings to __ another's soul with sweet food?

I hope then you always __ the garden around you with care. I hope that you plant only goodness, peace, and___ in the lives of everyone you help. I hope that everyday you help miracles to grow.

1.A. selling B. growing C. cooking D. cutting

2.A. planted B. planting C. being planted D. to plant

3.A. committee B. group C. family D. class

4.A. Before B. Since C. Until D. After

5.A. drop B. throw C. pull D. drive

6.A. boatfuls B. housefuls C. handfuls D. mouthfuls

7.A. at B. with C. by D. on

8.A. see B. notice C. glance D. glare

9.A. encouraged B. annoyed C. tired D. amazed

10.A. run into B. broken into C. looked into D. turned into

11.A. personal B. practical C. pure D. powerful

12.A. know B. knock C. keep D. kick

13.A. truly B. bitterly C. frequently D. conveniently

14.A. rows B. gardens C. seeds D. potatoes

15.A. unmade B. unseen C. unprotected D. untouched

16.A. and B. or C. so D. For

17.A. gardens B. rows C. days D. times

18.A. provide B. shut C. approach D. view

19.A. promote B. take C. close D. tend

20.A. love B. hate C. anger D. sadness

Singapore's schools have become global role models with high results in international tests.But now they want to move,beyond this—towards something that encourages creativity and what they term "holistic（全面的）education".

Minister of Education,Heng Swee Keat,says this is "less about content knowledge",but "more about how to process information".He describes this challenge of innovating（创新）as being about to "tell truth from untruth,connect seemingly different things,and create knowledge even as the situation changes".

This approach aims to prepare today's students for the demands of the next 20 years.It means that schools are under more pressure,and will be given more freedom,to come up with creative ways to teach students.So instead of the traditional impressions of high-pressure Asian schools,with rows of heads buried in books,they are trying different approaches to learning.

To put this into practice,on a sunny April morning,80 students from one of Singapore's top schools were traveling outdoors.The nine to ten-year-old from Rosyth School were on a "learning journey" in a park,with science topics and values such as caring for the environment.

"We are conducting a biopsy（活组织检查）to find out why a bee,a fish,a bird or a plant died strangely,"said one student."Is it because of human actions?"

They photographed "evidence" on smart phones and digital cameras,getting facts on plants and animal species. "They can really learn through hands-on experience and putting things into action,"said moral education teacher, Joslyn Huang.

1.What are Singapore's schools famous for according to the passage?

A. Test results. B. Strict management.

C. Teaching methods. D. Learning environment.

2.What does Singapore's "holistic education" lay emphasis on?

A. Students' moral behavior. B. Students' creative ability.

C. Students' content knowledge. D. Students' hands-on experience.

3.Why did the 80 students from Rosyth School conduct a biopsy?

A. To improve the environment.

B. To protect animals and plants.

C. To study the relationship between human actions and some animals' death.

D. To find out the relationship between human behaviors and climate changes.

4.How did the author tell us about a different way of learning in Singapore's schools?

A. By giving examples. B. By making comparisons.

C. By listing figures. D. By analyzing cause and effect.

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