题目内容

Using too much water or throwing rubbish into our rivers are clear ways that humans can put our water supply in danger, but we also affect our water supply in less obvious ways. You may wonder how paving(铺砌) a road can lead to less useable fresh water. A major part of the water we use every day is groundwater. Groundwater does not come from lakes or rivers. It comes from underground. The more roads and parking lots we pave, the less water can flow into the ground to become groundwater.

Human activity is not responsible for all water shortages(缺乏). Drier climates are of course more likely to have droughts(干旱) than areas with more rainfall, but in any case, good management can help to make sure there is enough water to meet our basic needs .

Thinking about the way we use water every day can make a big difference, too. In the United States, a family of four can use 1.5 tons of water a day! This shows how much we depend on water to live, but there’s a lot we can do to lower the number.

You can take steps to save water in your home. To start with, use the same glass for your drinking water all day. Wash it only once a day. Run your dishwasher only when it is full. Help your parents fix any leaks(滴水) in your home. You can even help to keep our water supply clean by recycling batteries instead of throwing them away.

1.Which of the following is most likely to lead to less groundwater?

A. Using river water. B. Throwing batteries away.

C. Paving parking lots. D. Throwing rubbish into lakes.

2.What can be inferred from the text?

A. All water shortages are due to human behavior.

B. It takes a lot of effort to meet our water needs.

C. There is much we can do to reduce family size.

D. The average family in America makes proper use of water.

3.The last paragraph is intended to ________________.

A. show us how to fix leaks at home

B. tell us how to run a dishwasher

C. prove what drinking glass is best for us

D. suggest what we do to save water at home

4.The text is mainly about _________________.

A. how human activity affects our water supply

B. how much we depend on water to live

C. why droughts occur more in dry climates

D. why paving roads reduces our water

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Remembering 70 new words a week means remembering only 10 words a day .

A. below average B. above average

C. on average D. at average

An 80-year-old man was sitting on the sofa in his house along with his 45-year-old highly educated son.

Suddenly a crow（乌鸦）perched on the tree near their window.

The father asked his son, ''What is this? ''

The son replied, ''It is a crow. ''

After a few minutes, the father asked his son the 2nd time, ''What is this? ''

The son said, ''Father, I have just now told you 'It's a crow'. ''

After a little while, the old father again asked his son the 3rd time, ''What is this? ''

''It's a crow, a crow, a crow.'' said the son loudly.

A little after, the father again asked his son the 4th time, ''What is this? ''

This time the son shouted at his father, ''Why do you keep asking me the same question again and again? 'IT IS A CROW'. Are you not able to understand this? ''

A little later the father went to his room and came back with an old diary, which he had kept since his son was born. On opening a page, he asked his son to read that page. When the son read it, the following words were written in the diary:

''Today my little son aged three was sitting with me on the sofa, when a crow was sitting on the window. My son asked me 23 times what it was, and I replied to him all 23 times that it was a crow. I hugged him lovingly each time he asked me the same question again and again for 23 times. I did not at all feel annoyed; I rather felt affection for my innocent child. ''

1.In what tone did the son say to his Father ''It's a crow, a crow, a crow. ''?

A. concerned B. anxious

C. impatient D. astonished

2.Why did the Father ask his son the same question again and again?

A. Because he couldn't understand what his son said.

B. Because he wanted to see how patient his son would be.

C. Because he wanted to make his son angry.

D. Because he was too old to remember anything.

3.How old was the old man when his son asked him 23 times ''What is this''?

A. 80 years old. B. 45 years old .

C. 38years old. D. 35 years old.

4.Where is the article most probably taken from?

A. Travel journal B. a collection of poetry

C. Newspaper D. a short story collection

An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are ________it.

A. against B. for

C. to D. with

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2．只允许修改 10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

Dear Wang Mei,

I’m sorry to hear about your problem. Don’t be too concerning about it. Now I’d like to give you some advice. Firstly, you may have the heart-to-heart talk with your roommates. Perhaps they will realize their mistakes or correct them. Secondly, if you find hard to have a good talk with them, you may write a letter about them. Lastly, if these ways don’t work, you’d better to report it to your teacher, whom will help solve the problem. Good communication is the key to deal with the relationship with others. Maybe someday you should become good friends. I hope my advice will be of greatly help to you.

Best wishes!

Yours,

Li Hua

Exercise may help to safeguard the mind against depression through previously unknown effects on working muscles, according to a new study involving mice.  

Mental health experts have long been aware that even mild, repeated stress can contribute to the development of depression and other mood disorders in animals and people. Scientists have also known that exercise seems to cushion against depression. But precisely how exercise, a physical activity can lessen someone’s risk for depression, a mood state, has been mysterious. So for the new study, researchers at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm studied the brains and behavior of mice in a complicated and novel fashion.

We can’t ask mice if they are feeling cheerful or in low spirits. Instead, researchers have pictured certain behaviors that indicate depression in mice. If animals lose weight, stop seeking out a sugar solution when it’s available — because, probably, they no longer experience normal pleasures — or give up trying to escape from the cold-water zone just freeze in place, they are categorized as depressed. And in the new experiment, after five weeks of frequent but low-level stress, such as being lightly shocked, mice displayed exactly those behaviors. They became depressed. 

The scientists could then have tested whether exercise blunts (延缓) the risk of developing depression after stress by having mice run first. But, frankly, from earlier research, they wanted to know how, so they bred pre-exercised mice. A wealth of earlier research by these scientists and others had shown that aerobic exercise, in both mice and people, increases the production within muscles of an enzyme (酶) called PGC-1alpha. The Karolinska scientists suspected that this enzyme somehow creates conditions within the body that protect the brain against depression. Then, the scientists exposed the animals, which without exercising, were in high levels of PGC-1alpha to five weeks of mild stress. The mice responded with slight symptoms of worry. But they did not develop depression. They continued to seek out sugar and fought to get out of the cold-water zone. Their high levels of PGC-1alpha appeared to make them depression-resistant. Finally, to ensure that these findings are relevant to people, the researchers had a group of adult volunteers complete three weeks of frequent endurance training, consisting of 40 to 50 minutes of moderate cycling or jogging. The scientists conducted muscle biopsies (活体检查) before and after the program and found that by the end of the three weeks, the volunteers’ muscle cells contained substantially more PGC-1alpha than at the study’s start. The finding of these results, in the simplest terms, is that “you reduce the risk of getting depression when you exercise,” said Maria Lindskog, a researcher at the Karolinska Institute.

1.The researchers at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm conducted the new study hoping to know______.

A. if exercise cushions against depression

B. what can lead to depression in animals and people

C. if stress can contribute to the development of depression

D. how exercise contributes to reducing someone’s risk for depression

2.We can infer from the new experiment conducted by researchers at the Karolinska Institute that mice are depressed except when ______.

A. they stand still in place

B. they stop searching for the sugar water

C. they attempt to escape from the cold-water zone

D. they can’t experience normal pleasures any longer

3.Researchers asked a group of adult volunteers to complete three weeks of frequent endurance training in order to ______.

A. know if exercise can help to safeguard the mind against depression

B. know if they can endure 40 to 50 minutes of moderate cycling or jogging

C. confirm the findings above are also relevant to people

D. ensure they can lose weight after moderate cycling or jogging

4.It can be concluded from the passage that______.

A. the enzyme called PGC-1alpha helps to ease depression

B. athletes are more likely to develop depression than ordinary people

C. the mice with high levels of PGC-1alpha are easier to develop depression

D. in the past mental health specialists didn’t know exercise could help reduce depression

The Chinese government is developing the west of China，which will ______ the people there，especially those who are still leading a poor life.

A. protect B. benefit

C. contribute D. affect

Jumping off random cliffs(悬崖) into the sea is not clever. However, as a sport, coasteering uses local experts to help groups travel around the coast so they can then jump safely and have a lot of fun in the process. But coasteering is also so much more than cliff jumping.

A usual day’s coasteering will involve swimming, climbing, scrambling(攀岩) and cliff jumping. All trips begin with a safety brief and equipment check. You will be equipped with a helmet, wetsuit and life vest. You will need to wear some old sneakers you don’t mind getting wet.

From here it could be a short swim to the first jump site. Following an instructor, you swim through rock pools, around rough rocks and right up to the next jump spot. A brief climb and you’ll be standing on the edge wondering, “Why the hell did I agree to this?” Then, and to the yell of your friends, you’re leaping in, with a smile that’s guaranteed to last the rest of the day.

Coasteering is certainly more than cliff jumping. If ever a sport could claim to be confidence building, this is it. And it’s also a perfect activity for groups of friends or for adventurous families who want to explore the coast. Many companies offer daily trips, so even if you are on your own or a couple you can join in with a large group. Companies use trained guides with much knowledge of local tides and weather conditions. These people lead the show and are qualified lifesavers as well.

Coasteering is already popular around the UK. At least now you won’t have to ask “What is coasteering?” if someone you know gives it a go.

1.What is coasteering?

A. A daily sightseeing trip.

B. A non-expert guided diving.

C. A cliff and water based sport.

D. A group activity of climbing.

2.What is the benefit of coasteering?

A. Building confidence.

B. Developing independence.

C. Improving guiding skills.

D. Enriching lifesaving experience.

3.What can we infer from the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3?

A. You felt scared and regretful.

B. You became totally tired.

C. You discovered your potential.

D. You gained complete relief.

4.What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?

A. To introduce coasteering.

B. To organize coasteering.

C. To advertise spots for coasteering.

D. To train coasteering-lovers.

—I just got laid off. An awful business, you know.

—_______So are you all right?

A. That’s a shame. B. It doesn’t hurt to ask.

C. Is it as bad as that? D. Believe in yourself!

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