Question

【题目】There are two kinds of memory: short-term and long-term. Information in long-term memory can be remembered at a later time when it is needed. The information may be kept for days or weeks. However, information in short-term memory is kept for only a few seconds, usually by repeating the information over and over. The following experiment shows how short-term memory has been studied.

Henning studied how students who are learning English as a second language remember vocabulary. The subjects in his experiment were 75 college students. They represented all levels of ability in English: beginning, intermediate (中等), and native speaking students.

To begin, the subjects listened to a recording of a native speaker reading a paragraph in English. Following the recording, the subjects took a 15-question test to see which words they remembered. Each question had four choices. The subjects had to circle the word they had heard in the recording, Some of the questions had four choices that sound alike. For example, weather, whether, wither, and wetter are four words that sound alike. Some of the questions had four choices that have the same meaning. Method, way, manner, and system would be four words with the same meaning. Finally the subjects took a language proficiency test.

Henning found that students with a lower proficiency in English made more of their mistakes on words that sound alike; students with a higher proficiency made more of their mistakes on words that have the same meaning. Henning's results suggest that beginning students hold the sound of words in their short-term memory, and advanced students hold the meaning of words in their short-term memory.

【1】 Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?

A. Information in short-term memory is different from that in long-term memory.

B. Long-term memory can be achieved only by training.

C. It is easier to test short-term memory than long term memory.

D. Henning gave a separate test on vocabulary to his students.

【2】 From Henning's result we can see that ______.

A. beginners have difficulty distinguishing the pronunciation of words

B. advanced students always remember words by their meaning

C. it is difficult to remember words that sound alike

D. it is difficult to remember words that have the same meaning

【3】 The word "subject" in the passage means ______.

A. memory

B. the theme of listening material

C. a branch of knowledge studied

D. the student experimented on

【4】The passage centers on ______.

A. memory B. two kinds of memory

C. short-term memory D. an experiment on student

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】A

【2】A

【3】D

【4】C

【解析】

试题分析：有两种记忆：短时记忆和长时记忆。实验表明了研究短时记忆的情况。

【1】A细节理解题。根据第一段中There are two kinds of memory: short-term and long-term. Information in long-term memory can be remembered at a later time when it is needed. The information may be kept for days or weeks. However, information in short-term memory is kept for only a few seconds, 有两种记忆：短时记忆和长时记忆。处于长期记忆中的信息，在后来需要的时候能够回想起来。这一信息可以保持数天或数周。然而，短时记忆中的信息只能保持三两秒钟。故选A。

【2】A推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句Henning'的实验结果表明：初学者能把单词的声音保持短期记忆，而程度高的学生能把词汇的意义保持短期记忆。也就是说初学者在辨别单词发音上有困难。故选A。

【3】D词义猜测题。根据第三段中To begin, the subjects listened to a recording of a native speaker reading a paragraph in English. Following the recording, the subjects took a 15-question test to see which words they remembered. Each question had four choices. The subjects had to circle the word they had heard in the recording, 开头，先让受试者们听一段以英语为母语的人所朗读的一小段英文文章的录音。听了录音以后接着让受试者参加一次共15个问题的考试，看看他们都记住了哪些生词。每个问题有四个选择项。受试者必须圈出他们在录音中所听到的单词。根据以上内容可知“subject”在文中的意思是“被测试的人，也就是受试者”，D项符合题意。

【4】C主旨大意题。根据文章第一段最后一句The following experiment shows how short-term memory has been studied.下面的试验表明了研究短时记忆的情况。故选C。

【学法指导】

猜测词义题。事实上，阅读材料中的每个词与它前后的词语或句子甚至段落都有联系。做这种类型的题，要根据词、词组、句子所在的语境来判断其意义。我们要特别注意熟词生义，切不可脱离语境想当然。在句子或段落中，我们可以利用熟悉的词语，根据语言环境所表示的关系推断生词词义。比如，第27小题，D词义猜测题。根据第三段中To begin, the subjects listened to a recording of a native speaker reading a paragraph in English. Following the recording, the subjects took a 15-question test to see which words they remembered. Each question had four choices. The subjects had to circle the word they had heard in the recording, 开头，先让受试者们听一段以英语为母语的人所朗读的一小段英文文章的录音。听了录音以后接着让受试者参加一次共15个问题的考试，看看他们都记住了哪些生词。每个问题有四个选择项。受试者必须圈出他们在录音中所听到的单词。根据以上内容可知“subject”在文中的意思是“被测试的人，也就是受试者”，D项符合题意。