He knew his colors and shapes, he learned more than 100 English words, and with his own brand of one-liners he established (确立) himself in TV shows, scientific reports, and news articles as perhaps the world’s most famous talking bird.

But last week, Alex, an African parrot, died, obviously of natural causes, said Dr Irene Pepperberg, an expert at Brandeis University and Harvard who studied and worked with the parrot for most of its life and published reports of his progress in scientific journals. The parrot was 31.

Scientists have long debated whether any other species can develop the ability to learn human language. Alex’s language ability was, in some ways, more surprising than the efforts of those animals that have been taught, like Koko, the gorilla (猩猩) trained by Penny Patterson at the Gorilla Foundation in Woodside, or Washoe, another gorilla studied by R. Allen and Beatrice Gardner at the University of Nevada in the 1960s and 1970s.

When Dr Pepperberg, who was then a doctoral student in chemistry at Harvard, found Alex was good at remembering words in a pet store in 1977 and bought it, scientists had little expectation that birds could learn to communicate with humans. Most of the research had been done on pigeons, and was not promising.

But by using novel methods of teaching, Dr Pepperberg taught Alex to learn about 150 words, which he could put into categories. He could count small numbers and tell colors and shapes. “The work changed the way we think of bird brains,” said Diana Reiss, a psychologist at Hunter College who works with dolphins and elephants. “We used to look down upon those birds, but now we look at those brains — at least Alex’s — with some awe.”

1.Alex is very famous because ________.

A. it died of a strange disease

B. it lived longer than any other parrot

C. it hosted many famous TV shows

D. it has a special talent in learning human language

2.What was the direct reason why Dr Pepperberg bought Alex?

A. He found it was good at remembering words.

B. He liked its colors and shapes.

C. He wanted to do research on birds.

D. Diana Reiss asked him to do that.

3.What does the underlined word “novel” mean in the last paragraph?

A. Special. B. New.

C. Great. D. Unique.

4.According to the last paragraph, we can learn that ________.

A. people used to think dolphins were the cleverest

B. Alex’s ability of learning human language has changed some researchers’ ideas about birds

C. elephants are better at learning human language

D. birds’ great ability in learning human language has already been noticed before

5.What would be the best title for this passage?

A. Who are cleverer, birds or gorillas?

B. A famous talking bird died

C. Have you ever talked with a bird?

D. The keeper of a famous bird

St. Paul's Cathedral

Ludgate Hill, EC4

Underground: St. Paul's; Bus: 6, 8, 11, 15, 22, 25

Open: Daily 8:00-19:00 (17:00 from Oct. to Mar.)

Entrance free

Designed by the great architect, Sir Christopher Wren, St. Paul's Cathedral was built following the Great Fire of London of 1666, which destroyed the gothic cathedral on the site at that time. It is an inescapable attraction for all travellers to this great city and the most recognisable gothic cathedral in England. Its choir(唱诗班) is internationally famous. Prince Charles and Lady Diana Spencer were married here in 1981.

Buckingham Palace

South end of the Mall (SW1)

Underground: St. James's Park, Victoria, Hyde Park Corner, Green Park; Bus: 2, 11, 14, 16, 19, 22, 24, 29, 30, 38, 52, 73, 74, 137

Buckingham Palace is Queen Elisabeth II's official residence(住所), and has been the official residence of Britain's monarch(君主) since 1837. The State Rooms at Buckingham Palace have been opening to the public for the Annual Summer Opening, in August and September, since 1993. The Queen is not at Buckingham Palace when it is open to the public; she goes to one of her country residences. The State Rooms are extremely grand. You can see many of the treasures of the Royal Collection: paintings by Rembrandt, Rubens and Canaletto; and beautiful examples of English and French furniture.

The Tower of London

Tower Hill, EC3

Underground: Tower Hill; Bus: 42, 78

Open: Mon.-Sat. 9:00-18:00; Sun. 8:00-19:00

Parts of the Tower of London are over nine centuries old, as building began under William the Conqueror in 1078. Famous as a prison in the distant past, the Tower has also been a royal residence, a zoo and an observatory(瞭望台). It is now a museum and many thousands of people visit it every year in particular to see the Crown Jewels. Only by going inside can you experience nearly a thousand years of history and hear the myths and legends that make it “a day out to die for”.

Westminster Abbey

Broad Sanctuary, SW1

Underground: Westminster, St James's Park; Bus: 3, 11, 12, 24, 29, 39, 53, 59, 76, 77, 88, 109, 155, 168, 170, 172, 184, 503

Open: Daily 8:00-18:00 (Mar.-Dec., Tuesday till 20:00)

Entrance free

Located next to the Houses of Parliament in the heart of London, Westminster Abbey is a gothic church and place of worship. The building of the present Abbey was started by King Henry III in 1245. The oldest parts of the building date back to 1050. Westminster Abbey has hosted many royal weddings including the wedding of The Queen and Prince Philip in 1947 and the wedding of Prince William and Kate in 2011. It is a traditional place of coronation(加冕礼) and burial for English monarchs—38 monarchs have been crowned at the Abbey. There are many tombs there, including those of Queen Elizabeth I, “Bloody” Queen Mary, naturalist Charles Darwin, many poets and writers.

1.You can see the inside of all the buildings all the year around except  .

A. St. Paul's Cathedral B. the Tower of London

C. Westminster Abbey D. Buckingham Palace

2.The two places you can visit by getting off at the same underground station are  .

A. Buckingham Palace and Westminster Abbey

B. Buckingham Palace and St. Paul's Cathedral

C. Westminster Abbey and the Tower of London

D. the Tower of London and St. Paul's Cathedral

3.Where is the text most probably taken from?

A. A history book about London.

B. A guidebook for visitors to London.

C. A book about London's development.

D. A book about London's churches.

People come into your life for a reason, a season or a lifetime. When you ______ which one it is, you will know ______ what to do for each person.

When someone is in your life for a reason, it is ______ to meet a need you have expressed. They have come to assist you through a difficulty, to ______ you with guidance and support, to ______ you physically, emotionally or spiritually. They are there for the ______ you need them to be. Then, without any wrongdoing on your part, or at any inconvenient time, they will say or do something to bring the relationship to a(n) ______.Sometimes they die, sometimes they walk away, and ______ they act up and force you to take a stand. What you must ______ is that your need has been met, and your desire ______ .When their work is done, it's time to move on.

When people come into your life for a ______ , it is because your turn has ______ to share, grow or learn. They bring you an experience of peace, or make you ______ .They may teach you something you have ______ done. They usually give you an unbelievable amount of joy.______ it! It is real! But only for a season.

Lifetime relationships teach you lifetime ______: those things you must build upon in order to have a ______ emotional foundation. Your job is to ______ the lesson, love the person, and put what you have learned to use in all other ______ and areas of your life. It is said that love is blind but friendship is sensible.

______,thank you for being part of my life, whether you were here for a reason, a season or a lifetime.

1.A. come out B. figure out C. break out D. turn out

2.A. partly B. firmly C. frequently D. exactly

3.A. usually B. hardly C. closely D. finally

4.A. state B. instruct C. provide D. bother

5.A. aid B. show C. lead D. take

6.A. good B. delight C. benefit D. reason

7.A. order B. action C. end D. start

8.A. first B. sometimes C. seldom D. anytime

9.A. realize B. try C. tolerate D. forget

10.A. shared B. fulfilled C. followed D. protected

11.A. reason B. moment C. season D. lifetime

12.A. disappeared B. gone C. remained D. come

13.A. happy B. sad C. careful D. nervous

14.A. even B. never C. just D. ever

15.A. Forget B. Taste C. Connect D. Believe

16.A. notes B. sights C. lessons D. meanings

17.A. solid B. soft C. new D. rapid

18.A. reject B. teach C. accept D. refuse

19.A. difficulties B. professions C. works D. relationships

20.A. Above all B. After all C. In a word D. As a result

One cold day last November, my wife and I came home from work to a sick young daughter and we decided to stay at home for the night. Problem was, we had two tickets to see Miranda July, the performance artist, being interviewed at the Herbst Theatre. We decided to sell them online for $50. One hour before the event, a guy named Peter called me and said he wanted to buy the tickets. Since the time was limited, I told Peter to pay me the next day. Peter seemed touched and we said a fond goodbye.

However, a month later, Peter still didn’t pay me back. A few more weeks passed. Another month. There’d been one e-mail promising to mail the check, then silence.

Maybe he was having a hard time, I thought. But truth was, Peter seemed to be having a pretty normal time. According to the pictures and messages on his Facebook, he had been playing golf, dancing happily with his friends, and traveling on a boat. But he just refused to answer my calls, or reply to my e-mails or messages. So I tried reaching him with my wife’s phone one night. And he didn’t pick up when I called,but texted right back, playfully wondering who might be calling him.

“You should go to his office,”my wife said, “He would have to give you the money if all his coworkers were watching.”

But I didn’t want to become a debt collector. My efforts to reach Peter over these months had been light and I wanted to keep it that way. My initial exchange with Peter had been just two regular people agreeing to handle things humanly. There was a rare niceness in that, and I still wanted to keep that balloon in the air, however disappointing it was starting to look. I wanted to believe we could still trust each other.

1.For what reason did the author and his wife decide to sell the ticket?

A. They thought it was too cold that night.

B. They needed to look after their daughter.

C. They wanted to save some money.

D. They were going to be interviewed.

2.On the night the author sold his tickets to Peter, he .

A. knew he might not get the $50. B. felt a little hesitant.

C. thought he could trust Peter. D. was moved by Peter’s kindness.

3.Why didn’t Peter pay the author back?

A. Because he didn’t remember it. B. Because he was too busy to pay.

C. Because he didn’t want to pay. D. Because he was having a tough time.

4.What can we infer about the author?

A. He would never trust strangers.

B. He might call the police for help.

C. He would go to Peter’s office to talk to him.

D. He still hoped Peter would pay him back.

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