Question

【题目】任务型阅读

请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：请将答案写在答题纸上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填一个单词。

Family structure is the core of any culture. A major function of the family is to socialize new members ofa culture. As children are raised in a family setting, they learn to become members of the family as well as members of the larger culture. The family provides the model for all other relationships in society. Through the observations and modeling of the behavior of other family members, children learn about the family and society including the values of the culture. Family structure and their inherent relationships and obligations are a major source of cultural difference.

The family is the center of most traditional Asians' lives. Many people worry about their families' welfare, reputation, and honor. Asian families are often extended, including several generations related by blood or marriage living in the same home. An Asian person's misdeeds are not blamed just on the individual but also on the family—including the dead ancestors.

Traditional Chinese, among many other Asians, respect their elders and feel a deep sense of duty toward them. Children repay their parents' sacrifices by being successful and supporting them in old age. This is accepted as a natural part of life in China. In contrast, taking care of aged parents is often viewed as tremendous burden in the United States, where aging and family support are not honored highly.

The Vietnamese family consists of people currently alive as well as the spirits of the dead and of the as-yet unborn. Any decisions or actions are done from family considerations, not individual desires. People's behavior is judged on whether it brings shame or pride to the family. Vietnamese children are trained to rely on their families, to honor elderly people, and to fear foreigners. Many Vietnamese think that their actions in this life will influence their status in the next life.

Fathers in traditional Japanese families are typically strict and distant. Japanese college students in one study said they would tell their fathers just about as much as they would tell a total stranger. The emotional and communication barrier between children and fathers in Japan appears very strong after children have reached a certain age.

Although there has been much talk about "family values" in the United States, the family is not a usual frame of reference for decisions in U.S. mainstream culture. Family connections are not so important to most people. Dropping the names of wealthy or famous people the family knows is done in the United States, but it is not viewed positively. More important is a person's own individual "track record" of personal achievement.

Thus, many cultural differences exist in family structures and values. In some cultures, the family is the center of life and the main frame of reference for decisions. In other cultures, the individuals, not the family, is primary. In some cultures, the family's reputation and honor depend on each person's actions; in other cultures, individuals can act without permanently affecting the family life. Some cultures value old people, while other cultures look down on them.

(Adapted from R. L. Oxford & R. C. Scarcella, "A Few Family Structures and Values Around the Globe")

Outline	Supporting details
【1】 A to family structure	Family structure is of great 【2】 A in different cultures. Children raised in a family will gradually learn how to 【3】 A in a way which is acceptable in their culture or setting. 'Many cultural differences 【4】 A from family structures.
Examples of Asian families	Traditional Asians 【5】 A their lives around family. Not only the individual but the family is to【6】 A for any wrongdoings. O In China, parents' sacrifices will probably【7】 off when children grow up. Children will also provide for the elders. O In Vietnam, it's not from the personal desires but from family considerations that decisions or actions are done. In Japan, children are 【8】 A to share their emotions with father, thus making communication difficult.
Examples of families in the USA	Americans don't lay much emphasis on family values. 【9】 A personal achievement is considered more important.
Conclusion	Family structures and values 【10】 A in different cultures.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】Introduction

【2】importance/significance

【3】behave

【4】arise/result/come/originate

【5】center/centre

【6】blame

【7】pay

【8】unwilling/reluctant/afraid

【9】Instead/However

【10】 vary/differ

【解析】

试题分析：本文属于文化类阅读，只要讲述的是家庭结构很文化之间的关系。

【1】Introduction 归纳总结题。根据文章第一段第一句Family structure is the core of any culture.可知家庭结构是温和的核心。整个文章第一段都是对家庭结构的介绍，使用名词introduction，且和介词to连用。

【2】importance/significance 同义句转换。根据第一段最后一句Family structure and their inherent relationships and obligations are a major source of cultural difference.家庭结构和内部关系起着很大的文化作用。转换成“of+ importance/significance”相当于形容词important或significant。

【3】behave 词性转换题。根据第一段第五句Through the observations and modeling of the behavior of other family members, children learn about the family and society including the values of the culture.原文中使用了名词behavior，表格中放在不定式符号to的后面，说明要使用动词原形。

【4】arise/result/come/originate 理解概括题。根据第一段首尾句Family structure is the core of any culture.和 Family structure and their inherent relationships and obligations are a major source of cultural difference.可知很多文化的差异都是由于家庭结构的不同而引起的。

【5】center/centre 原词再现。根据第二段第一句The family is the center of most traditional Asians' lives.可知在传统的亚洲生活中，家庭是核心。

【6】blame 原词再现。根据第二段最后一句An Asian person's misdeeds are not blamed just on the individual but also on the family—including the dead ancestors.可知个人和家庭都要收到责备。

【7】 pay 句意理解题。根据第三段第二句Children repay their parents' sacrifices by being successful and supporting them in old age.可知当父母亲老了以后，孩子会回报父母之前的牺牲。原文中使用repay，表格里使用动词短语pay off指父母亲的牺牲得到了回报。

【8】unwilling/reluctant/afraid 句意理解题。根据第五段第二句Japanese college students in one study said they would tell their fathers just about as much as they would tell a total stranger.可知日本的大学生和父亲之间的关系就像是陌生人一样，也就是说他们不愿意和父亲交流。

【9】 Instead/However 句意理解题。根据第六段最后两句Dropping the names of wealthy or famous people the family knows is done in the United States, but it is not viewed positively. More important is a person's own individual "track record" of personal achievement.可知在美国个人成就是更重要的。说明表格中上下文之间是转折关系，使用使用Instead/However 。

【10】vary/differ 理解概括题。根据最后一段第一句Thus, many cultural differences exist in family structures and values.很多文化的差异都存在于家庭结构很价值观方面。也就是说不同文化中家庭结构和价值观都是不一样的，所以使用不及物动词vary/differ。