题目内容

Compulsive(强迫的)shoppers may have a new psychological excuse to blame for their wild shopping. Psychologists at the University of Canterbury in New Zealand are studying the “shop-till-you-drop” habit as a behavioral disorder similar to compulsive eating. Compulsive shoppers frequently buy more than they can afford or more than they need, and it causes them distress(苦恼).
“It becomes a problem when you are out of control,” psychology lecturer Neville Blampied said. “When you are feeling bad and blue, what do you do? Some people eat chocolate cake and ice cream. Some people take the credit card and go out to the shop.” Bank managers understand the problem because they have to deal with people who have to be persuaded to stop using their cards drawing money.
Compulsive shopping was first discovered in 1915, although it was then known as monomania. Few studies have been done on the problem.
An advertisement in a Christchurch paper, calling for people to take part in an experimental treatment program designed by Mr. Wilson, attracted 10 replies. But the problem, said Mr. Wilson, is “clearly not rare”. He thinks that compulsive shopping should be treated with drugs. “As psychologists we are interested in non-drug treatments for behavioral difficulties,” Mr. Wilson said.
Compulsive eaters or shoppers get a kick from their habit. “Both activities provide an immediate kind of kick and you feel a bit better,” he said. “You have long-term problems, but human beings are extremely good at not seeing long-term problems and are very sensitive to short-term benefits,” he said.
The aim of the treatment was to help people find better ways of managing their emotions. The program, consisting of 10 one-hour weekly lessons and two follow-up treatments, is loosely based on teaching stress management.
“You often have to start to get people to correctly recognize their emotions. Not being able to know what you really feel weakens your ability to solve the problems connected with what’s making you feel that way,” Mr. Wilson said.
小题1:The compulsive shoppers will go shopping when ______.
A.they have lots of moneyB.they are taking drugs
C.they are feeling sadD.they win a prize
小题2:The underlined word “it” in the first paragraph most probably refers to __________.
A.compulsive eatingB.a new psychological excuse
C.the study done by BlampiedD.the behavior of wild shopping
小题3:Which of the following is considered important in treating compulsive shoppers?
A.Teaching them to manage their money better.
B.Teaching them to understand their emotions.
C.Persuading them not to draw money from the bank.
D.Treating them with right drugs.
小题4:When the writer says that compulsive shoppers get a kick from their habit, he means that they __________.
A.feel distressed after their wild shopping
B.feel better after treatment from psychologists
C.are better able to deal with stress problems
D.have a feeling of excitement after shopping

小题1:C
小题2:D
小题3:B
小题4:D
文章介绍了一些人在压力之下会强迫购物,买一些本不需要的东西。文章讨论这种病,并提出了治疗方案。
小题1:C 细节题。根据第二段2,3行When you are feeling bad and blue, what do you do? Some people eat chocolate cake and ice cream. Some people take the credit card and go out to the shop.说明很多人是在情绪不好的时候去购物的。故C正确。
小题2:D 推理题。根据第一段Compulsive shoppers frequently buy more than they can afford or more than they need, and it causes them distress说明it即他们疯狂购物的这种行为,这种行为让他们很担忧因为他们买的东西超过了他们能承受的。故D正确。
小题3:B 推理题。根据倒数第二段第一句The aim of the treatment was to help people find better ways of managing their emotions.说明控制情绪是最重要的,B正确。
小题4:D 推理题。根据下一句Both activities provide an immediate kind of kick and you feel a bit better可知是指在某一种行为以后所的很好的感觉,那么人们在疯狂购物以后也会有这样兴奋的感觉,故D正确。
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How many times have you got upset because someone wasn't doing his job,because your child isn't behaving?How many times have you been irritated (恼怒的) when you've planned something carefully and things didn't go as you'd hoped?
This kind of anger and irritation happens to all of us—it’s part of the human experiences.
One thing that irritates me is when people talk during a movie,or cut me off in traffic. Actually, I have a lot of these little annoyances—don't we all?And it isn’t always easy to find peace when you’ve become upset or irritated.
Let me tell you a little secret to finding peace of mind: see the glass as already broken .
See, the cause of our stress, anger and irritation is that things don't go the way we like, the way we expect them to. Think of how many times this has been true for you. And so the solution is simple:expect things to go wrong, expect things to be different than we hoped or planned,expect the unexpected to happen. And accept it.
One quick example: on our recent trip to Japan, I told my kids to expect things to go wrong—they always do on a trip. I told them, “See it as part of the adventure.”
And this worked like a charm. When we inevitably(不可避免地) took the wrong train on a foreign­language subway system, or when it rained on the day we went to Disney Sea, or when we took three trains and walked 10 blocks only to find the National Children's Castle closed on Mondays...they said, “It's part of the adventure!” And it was all OK—we didn't get too bothered.
So when the nice glass you bought inevitably falls and breaks some day, you might get upset. But things will be different, if you see the glass as already broken, from the day you get it. You know it'll break some day, so from the beginning, see it as already broken. Be a time­traveler, or someone with time­traveling vision, and see the future of this glass, from this moment until it inevitably breaks. And when it breaks, you won't be upset or sad—because it was already broken, from the day you got it. And you’ll realize that every moment you have with it is precious.
小题1:The author would probably agree that________.
A.we should control our anger and irritation
B.we must get well prepared for the future
C.optimism can help us overcome our anger and irritation
D.anger and irritation is a natural part of our life
小题2:The purpose of the author is to________.
A.tell us his own experience in life
B.advise us how to find peace of mind
C.tell us a happy trip he took with his children
D.ask us to see things from both sides
小题3:By the underlined part (in Para.3), the author tells us to________.
A.get ready for the worst result of things
B.enjoy the process of things
C.expect little from life
D.find the relationship between cause and effect
小题4:The author’s children could enjoy their trip to Japan because________.
A.everything went smoothly
B.they had a lot of adventures
C.they had expected things to go wrong
D.they could soon get used to the customs there
小题5:We can learn from the passage that the author________.
A.often gets angry in his life
B.can adjust his state of mind accordingly
C.always expects others to act in his way
D.always suffers from his anger and irritation
What happens inside the skull of a soccer player who repeatedly heads a soccer ball? That question motivate a challenging new study of the brains of experienced players that has caused discussion and debate among soccer players, and some anxiety among those of us with soccer-playing children.
For the study, researchers at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York selected 34 adults,men and women. All of the volunteers had played soccer since childhood and now competed year-round in adult soccer leagues. Each filled out a detailed questionnaire developed especially for this study to determine how many times they had headed a soccer ball in the previous year, as well as whether they had experienced any known concussions(脑震荡)in the past.
Then the players completed computerized tests of their memory and other learning skills and had their brains scanned, using a complicated new MRI technique which can find structural changes in the brain that can’t be seen during most scans.
According to the data they presented at a Radiological Society of North America meeting last month,the researchers found that the players who had headed the ball more than about 1,100 times in the previous 12 months showed significant loss of white matter in parts of their brains involved with memory,attention and the processing of visual information, compared with players who had headed the ball fewer times.
This pattern of white matter loss is “similar to those seen in traumatic(外伤的)brain injury” , like that after a serious concussion, the researchers reported,even though only one of these players was reported to have ever experienced a conc ussion.
The players who had headed the ball about 1,100 times or more in the past year were also generally worse at recalling lists of words read to them, forgetting or fumbling the words far more often than players who had headed the ball less.
小题1:The passage is most probably a _________________.
A.news reportB.research report
C.story for soccer players D.text for doctors
小题2:From the passage we can conclude that frequent heading may have  _________________.
A.significant effect on one’s brain
B.little effect on one’s brain
C.nothing to do with the brain injury
D.one’s memory improved
小题3:What is likely to be the cause of memory loss?
A.Playing soccer frequently.B.Tests of their memory.
C.White matter loss.D.Information processing.
小题4:The underlined word "fumbling" is closest in meaning to ________________.
A.rememberingB.misunderstandingC.recallingD.missing
Cholera is a water-borne disease that is spread through polluted water and food. Cholera is an illness caused by the bacterium. It produces a poison that causes a painless , watery diarrhea( 痢疾)  that can quickly lead to severe dehydration(脱水) and death if treatment is not given. Most persons infected with cholera do not become ill, although the bacterium is present in their waste for 7-14 days. When this illness does strike, more than 90% of the time is not severe and is difficult to tell from other types of diarrhea. Less than 10% of sick persons develop cholera with signs of moderate or severe dehydration.
A person may get cholera by drinking water or eating food polluted with the cholera bacterium. The disease can spread rapidly in areas without the proper treatment of drinking water. The cholera bacterium may also live in the environment in dirty rivers and coastal waters. Shellfish eaten raw have been a source of cholera. Therefore, the disease is not likely to spread directly from one person to another.
Cholera can be simply and successfully treated by immediate replacement of the fluid and salts lost through diarrhea. Patients can be treated by being given a mixture of sugar and salt to be mixed with water and drunk in large amount. Antibiotics(抗生素) shorten the course and decrease the severity of the illness. To avoid cholera, we should eat well-cooked food instead of raw food.
小题1:If a person infected with cholera less than 7 days,he would probably   .
A. die  B.  become sick  C remain healthy  D suffer from watery diarrhea
小题2:Which statement is true according to the passage?
A Cholera can spread directly from one person to another.
B. Eating raw food can help stop cholera.
C. Cholera is caused by watery diarrhea.
D. Polluted water and food can help spread cholera.
小题3: Cholera can be treated by         .
A.replacing the blood in the body.
B.eating a lot of water mixed with sugar and salt and using antibiotics.
C.eating a large amount of sugar and salt
D.drinking a lot of water and eating a large amount of food.
小题4:In order to avoid cholera, people should         .
A inject antibiotics     B eat the food thoroughly cooked
C eat raw food      D. avoid meeting other people
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小题1:If you happen to be the 200th customer to buy Cholesterolblock, you will      
A.be able to buy it at a low priceB.be the luckiest one online
C.try it free of chargeD.change your diet
小题2:LiptorR, ZocorR,CrestorRare       .
A.diseasesB.side effectsC.medicinesD.cholesterol
小题3:CholesterolblackTM has the following advantages EXCEPT that       
A.it helps take cholesterol out of whatever food you eat
B.it has been proved useful in hospital testing
C.it helps people absorb at least 42% cholesterol
D.it sells best on Internet every month
小题4:Where can you most probably read this passage?
A.In a travel guide book.B.On a university bulletin board.
C.In a health magazine.D.In a doctor's prescription.
winter-swimming has become popular in Beijing. three years ago, few people would go swimming in the city waters. but now there is a winter-swimming
enthusiasts’club(冬泳爱好者协会)and it has more than 2,000 members. the oldest is 84 years of age and the youngest is only 7. The members are from all walks of life. They may be workers, peasants, soldiers, teachers, students....Though it is now the coldest part of the season and the water temperature in the city’s lakes is around 0°c, many winter-simmers still swim in the icy waters, even when it is snowing. They enjoy themselves in the lake, while the people by the side of the lake are wearing heavy clothes.
why are so many people interested in winter-swimming? Because winter-swimming can be good for one’s health.
Bei Sha is a good example. He is 69 years old, and he once suffered from heart trouble for 26 years. After ten years of winter-swimming he is now in good health. Scientists are now studying the effects of winter-swimming on health.
小题1:Guess what “the members are from all walks of life” means ______   .
A.The members do different jobs at different places.
B.They come from all parts of Beijing.
C.They are persons of different ages.
D.They are men and women , old and young.
小题2:Winter-swimming has become popular in Beijing because _______.
A.more and more people like to swim in winter
B.it is more interesting than swimming in summer
C.winter-swimmers are brave men
D.winter-swimming does a lot of good to one’s health
小题3:The best title for this passage should be ______.
A.People in Beijing Like Swimming in Winter  
B.Winter-Swimming-----A Craze(狂热) in Beijing
C.People Benefit from Winter-swimming
D.Winter-Swimmers are Brave Men
Do you know that girls are seven times more likely than boys to be unhappy and twice more likely to commit suicide(自杀)and that girls are three times more likely than boys to have a negative attitude?Twenty percent of the girls in the US between the ages of 12 and 17 drink alcohol(酒)and smoke cigarettes.
So what is mental(心理的)health?Mental health is how we think,feel,and act in order to face life’s problems.
A young girl’s mental health affects her daily life and future. Like physical health,mental health is important at every stage of life. Caring for and protecting a young girl’s mental health is important to ensure that she grows up to become the best she can be.
Many children experience mental health problems that are painful and can be serious. Mental health problems affect at least one in every five young people at any given time. Unluckily,about two thirds of all young people with mental health problems are not getting the help they need. Mental health problems can lead to school failure,alcohol or other drug abuse(滥用),family violence,or even suicide.
There are many signs that may point to a possible mental health problem in a child or teenager. If you are worried about a child or have any questions,look for help at once. Talk to your doctor,a school teacher,or other mental health experts who are trained to know whether your child has a mental health problem. You can also call 1­800­789­2647 for a list of warning signs.
小题1:What is implied in the first paragraph?
A.More and more girls are committing suicide.
B.Boys are usually physically stronger than girls.
C.Girls are more likely to have mental health problems than boys.
D.Children in America are lacking in parental care.
小题2:In the author’s opinion,________.
A.mental health is more important than physical health
B.mental health is important no matter how old you are
C.people with mental health problems will never succeed
D.it’s easier for children to have mental health problems than adults
小题3:According to the passage,which of the following people would most probably call 1­800­789­2647?
A.People who are sure they have mental health problems.
B.Children who have mental health problems and want help.
C.Parents who want to know whether their children are doing well at school.
D.Parents who want to know whether their children have mental health problems.
小题4:The purpose of this passage is to________.
A.tell parents what to do if they find that their children have mental health problems
B.explain why so many children have mental health problems
C.tell people how bad it is to have mental health problems
D.ask parents to pay more attention to their children’s mental health
Is there anything more important than health? I don't think so. "Health is the greatest wealth(财富)," wise people say. You can't be good at your studies or work well when you are ill.
If you have a headache, toothache, backache, earache or bad pain in the stomach, if you complain of a bad cough, if you run a high temperature and have a bad cold, or if you suffer from high or low blood pressure, I think you should go to the doctor.
The doctor will examine your throat, feel your pulse, test your blood pressure, take your temperature, sound your heart and lungs, test your eyes, check your teeth or have your chest X-rayed. After that he will advise some treatment or some medicine. The only thing you have to do is to follow his advice.
Speaking about doctor's advice, I can't help telling you a funny story.
An old gentleman came to see the doctor. The man was very ill. He told the doctor about his weakness, memory loss and serious problems with his heart and lungs. The doctor examined him and said there was no medicine for his disease.
He told his patient to go to a quiet place for a month and have a good rest. He also advised him to eat a lot of meat, drink two glasses of red wine every day and take long walks. In other words, the doctor advised him to follow the rule-Eat at pleasure, drink with measure and enjoy life as it is. The doctor also said that if the man wanted to be well again, he shouldn't smoke more than one cigarette a day.
A month later the gentleman came into the doctor's office. He looked cheerful and happy. He thanked the doctor and said that he had never felt a healthier man.
"But you know, doctor," he said, "it's not easy to begin smoking at my age."
小题1:The writer thinks that ____.
A.health is more important than wealth
B.work is as important as studies
C.medicine is more important than pleasure
D.nothing is more important than money
小题2:The doctor usually tells his patient what to do _____.
A.without examining the patient
B.after he has examined the patient
C.if the patient doesn't take medicine
D.unless the patient feels painful
小题3:The underlined part in the passage means "____".
A.he was feeling better than ever
B.he will be well again
C.he was feeling worse than before
D.he wasn't a healthy man
小题4:From the last sentence of the passage, we learn the man ____ before.
A.was a heavy smoker
B.didn't smoke so much
C.didn't smoke at all
D.began to learn to smoke
小题5:Which of the following is NOT true?
A.The man thanked the doctor.
B.The man didn't follow the doctor's advice.
C.The man told the doctor he couldn't remember things.
D.The doctor usually tests his/her blood pressure when a person is ill.

The inhalation (吸入) of asbestos particles is associated with a number of lung diseases, such as asbestosis and ___50___ cancer. 
Asbestosis is caused by the entry of asbestos particles into the wall of the alveoli, causing scarring which limits the functioning of the lungs.  The lung ___51___ its elasticity and may change shape.  The initial symptoms of asbestosis are a tightness in the chest and breathlessness.  In its ___52___ stages, sufferers develop the barrel-shaped chests associated with emphysema, cyanosis, (where the skin takes a bluish ___53___ ) and club fingers.
Lung cancer, the generic ___54___ for malignant tumors(肿瘤)of the alveoli and bronchial tubes, has been shown to be directly ___55___ to the inhalation of asbestos particles.  As in the case of asbestosis, there is generally a period of inactiveness which may ___56___ from 25 to 30 years after initial exposure, despite the ___57___of further exposure.  Research suggests that there is a direct correlation between the degree of exposure to asbestos ___58___the incidence of lung cancer.  Where exposure occurs, the level of risk is further ___59___ by cigarette smoking.  Asbestos workers who smoke cigarettes have a 90% greater risk of catching lung cancer than workers who do not ___60___. 
Exposure to blue asbestos has been shown to producemesothelioma, a rare cancer of the outer lining of the lung or pleura.  In a normal population the incidence of mesothelioma is extremely ___61___. Where epidemiological surveys have revealed a higher incidence of the disease, it is almost always related to ___62___ exposure.
___63___ changes in lung tissue caused by exposure to asbestos are pleural plaques and effusions.  The former refer to a thickening of the lining of the chest wall, ___64___ the latter consists of a collection of fluid in the chest region outside the lungs.  Pleural plaques commonly remain undiagnosed and generally have no detrimental effect on health.
小题1:
A.skin B.blood C.liver D.lung
小题2:
A.losesB.gainsC.improves D.tightens
小题3:
A.earlyB.formalC.laterD.final
小题4:
A.sizeB.colorC.soundD.smell
小题5:
A.nounB.term C.wayD.approach
小题6:
A.relatedB.revealedC.comparedD.exposed
小题7:
A.disappearB.spreadC.liveD.extend
小题8:
A.presenceB.activenessC.absenceD.intensity
小题9:
A.and B.alongsideC.as well asD.plus
小题10:
A.decreasedB.lostC.doubledD.increased
小题11:
A.dietB.drinkC.smoke D.fare
小题12:
A.highB.low C.common D.frequent
小题13:
A.leadB.asbestos C.carbon D.hydrogen
小题14:
A.ThreeB.Some C.No D.Other
小题15:
A.in caseB.now that C.whereas D.unless

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