题目内容
17.In a broad sense,migration is usually defined as"permanent or semi-permanent change of residence".Although movements within nations (internal migration) often exceed movements between nations (international migration) in volume,the motives of people who move short distances are very similar to those of international migrants.Students of human migration speak of"push"and"pull"factors,which influence an individual's decision to move from one place to another.Push factors are associated with the place of origin.A push factor can be as simple and mild a matter as difficulty in finding a suitable job,or as traumatic as war,or severe famine.Obviously,refugees who leave their homes with guns pointed at their heads are motivated almost entirely by push factors.
Associated with the place of destination,pull factors are mostly economic,such as better job opportunities or the availability of good land to farm.In general,pull factors add up to an apparently better chance for a good life and material well-being than is offered by the place of origin.When there is a choice between several attractive potential destinations,the deciding factor might be a non-economic consideration such as the presence of relatives,friends,or at least fellow countrymen already established in the new place who are willing to help the newcomers settle in.Considerations of this sort lead to the development of migration flow.
Besides push and pull factors,there are what the sociologists call"intervening obstacles".Even if push and/or pull factors are very strong they still may be outweighed by intervening obstacles,such as the distance of the move,the trouble and cost of moving,the difficulty of entering the new country,and the problems likely to be encountered on arrival.
The decision to move is also influenced by"personal factors"of the potential migrant.The same push-pull factors and obstacles operate differently on different people,sometimes because they are at different stages of their lives,or just because of their varying abilities and personalities.The prospect of packing up everything and moving to a new and perhaps very strange environment may appear interesting and challenging to an unmarried young man and terribly difficult to a slightly older man with a wife and small kids.Similarly,the need to learn a new language and customs may excite one person and frighten another.
Regardless of why people move,migration of large numbers of people causes conflict.The newest arrivals are usually given the lowest-paid jobs and are resented by native people who may have to compete with them for those jobs.It has usually taken several decades for each group to be accepted into the mainstream of society in the host country.
Migration | ||
Passage outline | Supporting details | |
Broad (71)Definition of migration | Migration is permanent or semi-permanent change of residence. (72)More people move within nations than between nations,yet their motives are alike. | |
Factors in migration | Push factors | (73)Unable to find a suitable job or suffering from war or natural disaster,people are likely to leave their homeland. |
Pull factors | (74)Motivated/Influenced by pull factors,people are desperate for more chances to live a better life in the place of destination. Earlier settlers tend to offer help to new migrants,greatly (75)promoting migration flow. | |
Intervening obstacles | (76)Strong as push and pull factors might be,intervening obstacles seems more difficult for some to (77)overcome. | |
Personal factors | International migration may be interesting to those unmarried but not to those with a family; the same (78)thought/prospect of picking up a foreign language may make one excited but another frightened. | |
Impacts of migration | As a result of large numbers of the newest arrivals,conflicts between them and the natives will (79)arise/occur/appear.It usually takes long for the new comers to (80)fit in with the mainstream of the host country. |
分析 本文讲述移民的原因及影响.
解答 71 Definition 72 More 73 Unable 74 Motivated/Influenced 75 promoting 76 Strong 77 overcome 78 thought/prospect 79 arise/occur/appear 80 fit
71 Definition 根据文章第一 段In a broad sense,migration is usually defined as"permanent or semi-permanent change of residence". 可知从广义上来说移民的定义是:永久或者半永久的居住地的变化.
72 More 根据文章第一 段Although movements within nations (internal migration) often exceed movements between nations (international migration) in volume,the motives of people who move short distances are very similar to those of international migrants.可知越来越多的人在国内或国外迁移,故填More.
73 Unable 根据文章第二 段A push factor can be as simple and mild a matter as difficulty in finding a suitable job,or as traumatic as war,or severe famine. 可知推动移民的因素之一是:难以找到合适的工作或者因为战争和饥荒.unable to do sth 不能做某事.
74 Motivated/Influenced 根据文章第三段In general,pull factors add up to an apparently better chance for a good life and material well-being than is offered by the place of origin.可知拉动因素给移民寻找更好的机会和动力去过美好的生活.
75 promoting 根据文章第三 段at least fellow countrymen already established in the new place who are willing to help the newcomers settle in.Considerations of this sort lead to the development of migration flow.可知之前搬来的移民会帮助新来的定居,这加速了移民的流动.
76 Strong 根据文章第 四段Even if push and/or pull factors are very strong they still may be outweighed by intervening obstacles,可知尽管推动因素很大,但是仍然有阻碍因素存在.
77 overcome 根据文章第四 段Even if push and/or pull factors are very strong they still may be outweighed by intervening obstacles,可知尽管推动因素很大,但是仍然有阻碍因素存在,移民需要克服这些障碍.
78 thought/prospect 根据文章倒数第二 段Similarly,the need to learn a new language and customs may excite one person and frighten another.可知相似地,学会新的语言和风俗习惯的想法既让人兴奋,又让人害怕.
79 arise/occur/appear 根据文章最后一段Regardless of why people move,migration of large numbers of people causes conflict. 可知尽管人们的移民,大量的移民照成了很多冲突.也就是说冲突会发生或者出现.
80 fit根据文章最后一段.It has usually taken several decades for each group to be accepted into the mainstream of society in the host country.可知移民会花费很长时间去适应这个新的国家的风俗习惯.fit in with 适应.
点评 任务型阅读首先是一篇阅读理解.为了确保对文章准确深刻理解,同时提高解题速度,最终能顺利完成该项任务,考生必须做到:
1.注重平时词汇记忆,熟练掌握考纲词汇中常用词汇的词性转化.
2.了解文章的结构,把握全篇的文,即句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系.
3.加强限时阅读训练,尤其是词数在400~550之间的较长篇幅的阅读训练.
4.系统训练,循序渐进,最终达到相应的解题能力要求.
A. | don't need exercise | B. | needn't to exercise | ||
C. | need exercise | D. | needn't exercise |
(1)Plan your time carefully.When you plan your week,you should make a list of things that you have to do.After making this list,you should make a schedule of your time.First your time for eating,sleeping,dressing,etc.then decide a good,regular time for studying.Don't forget to set aside enough time for entertainment.A weekly schedule may not solve all your problems,but it will force you to realize what is happening to your time.
(2)Find a good place to study.Look around the house for a good study area.Keep this space,which may be a desk or simply a corner of your room,free of everything but study materials.No games,radios,or television!When you sit down to study,concentrate on the subject.
(3)Make good use of your time in class.Take advantage of class time to listen to everything the teachers say.Really listening in class means less work later.Taking notes will help you remember what the teacher says.
(4)Study regularly.When you get home from school,go over your notes.Review the important points that your teacher mentioned in class.If you know what your teacher is going to discuss the next day,reading that material will become more meaningful,and you will remember it longer.
(5)Develop a good attitude about tests.The purpose of a test is to show what you have learned about a subject.They help you remember your new knowledge.The world won't end if you don't pass a test,so don't be overly worried.
There are other methods that might help you with your studying.You will probably discover many others after you have tried these.
How to become a better student
General methods | How to | Advantages |
Plan your time carefully | Make a list | Force you to realize(72)what is happening to your time |
Make a (66)schedule | ||
Find a good place to study | Free of everything but study (67)materials | You can (73)concentrate/focuson the subject |
Make good use of your time in class | Listen to everything the teachers say | Really listening in class means (74)less work later |
Take (68)notes | ||
Study regularly | Go over your notes | |
(69)Read new material | Help you understand it better,remember it longer | |
Develop a good (70)attitudeabout tests | Don't be (71)overly worried | Remember your new (75)knowledge |