题目内容
11．Some people are lucky；they're born positive with a cheerful outlook on life and always see the best in each situation．（36）E．Then there are other people who need to work at it-they area't completely negative（消极的），but they are slowly learning how to see the good in various situations every day．（37）F
I'm one of those people．（38）B However，up until recently I tended to worry a lot，get stressed out over the smallest things，and feel as though the world was judging me．I always assumed the worst in people，and I think because of all of the negative feelings around me，I became extremely unhappy
I'm not sure what exactly would make me have a bright moment，but earlier this year I decided two things：
•（39）D
•I didn't want to look back on my life one day and regret everything I missed out on for feeling that way．
I won't lie to you-this type of thinking is a daily practice for me．Sometimes I have to stop myself in the middle of a thought or as I'm about to say something，and ask myself if this is the type of person I want to be． （40）GIt has nothing to do with materialistic（物质主义的）things，but all to do with my state of mind．
A．I always feel worried for some reason．
B．I'm not negative by nature．
C．However，they are trying to become more active．
D．I didn't want to spend my life worrying or feeling negative about silly things．
E．I believe these people are truly happy．
F．They try and do small things to feel inspired and happy
G．I am happier with my life today than I have ever been．
分析 本文是一篇选句填空阅读，有些人很幸运，他们天生拥有积极的人生观，总能看到最好的在每一种情况下，我相信这些人是真正的快乐，有些人需要学习他们并不是完全消极的，他们在慢慢地从每天的情况下看到好的一面，我就是这样一类人，本文以此展开，列出了作者决定做的事情，以使自己变得积极乐观．
解答 36．答案：E．句意：我相信这些人是真正的快乐．根据"Some people are lucky；they're born positive with a cheerful outlook on life and always see the best in each situation"可知，有些人很幸运，他们天生拥有积极的人生观，总能看到最好的在每一种情况下．故此处E符合语境．故选E．
37．答案：F．句意：他们努力，做小事去使自己被激励，快乐．根据"but they are slowly learning how to see the good in various situations every day"可知，但是他们慢慢学习去从每天的情况中看到好的一面．股此处F符合语境．故选F．
38．答案：B．句意：我不是天性消极的．根据"I'm one of those people"可知，我是这类人中的一个．故此处B符合语境．故选B．
39．答案：D．句意：我不想把我的生活为这些愚蠢的事情担心或感觉消极．根据"I didn't want to look back on my life one day and regret everything I missed out on for feeling that way"可知，我不想有一天回顾我的生活，后悔我错过的一切的感觉．故此处D符合语境．故选D．
40．答案：G．句意：今天与曾经相比，我对我的生活感到快乐．根据"Sometimes I have to stop myself in the middle of a thought or as I'm about to say something，and ask myself if this is the type of person I want to be"可知，有时我不得不停止在中间的一个想法或当我想说点什么，问自己，这是否是我想成为的人．故G符合语境．故选G．
点评 本文是一篇选句填空阅读，题目主要考查文章内容理解及上下文联系，做题时应结合文章上下文内容并根据所给选项的含义进行分析，从而得出正确答案．切记胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据．
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17．In a broad sense，migration is usually defined as"permanent or semi-permanent change of residence"．Although movements within nations （internal migration） often exceed movements between nations （international migration） in volume，the motives of people who move short distances are very similar to those of international migrants．
Students of human migration speak of"push"and"pull"factors，which influence an individual's decision to move from one place to another．Push factors are associated with the place of origin．A push factor can be as simple and mild a matter as difficulty in finding a suitable job，or as traumatic as war，or severe famine．Obviously，refugees who leave their homes with guns pointed at their heads are motivated almost entirely by push factors．
Associated with the place of destination，pull factors are mostly economic，such as better job opportunities or the availability of good land to farm．In general，pull factors add up to an apparently better chance for a good life and material well-being than is offered by the place of origin．When there is a choice between several attractive potential destinations，the deciding factor might be a non-economic consideration such as the presence of relatives，friends，or at least fellow countrymen already established in the new place who are willing to help the newcomers settle in．Considerations of this sort lead to the development of migration flow．
Besides push and pull factors，there are what the sociologists call"intervening obstacles"．Even if push and/or pull factors are very strong they still may be outweighed by intervening obstacles，such as the distance of the move，the trouble and cost of moving，the difficulty of entering the new country，and the problems likely to be encountered on arrival．
The decision to move is also influenced by"personal factors"of the potential migrant．The same push-pull factors and obstacles operate differently on different people，sometimes because they are at different stages of their lives，or just because of their varying abilities and personalities．The prospect of packing up everything and moving to a new and perhaps very strange environment may appear interesting and challenging to an unmarried young man and terribly difficult to a slightly older man with a wife and small kids．Similarly，the need to learn a new language and customs may excite one person and frighten another．
Regardless of why people move，migration of large numbers of people causes conflict．The newest arrivals are usually given the lowest-paid jobs and are resented by native people who may have to compete with them for those jobs．It has usually taken several decades for each group to be accepted into the mainstream of society in the host country．
Students of human migration speak of"push"and"pull"factors，which influence an individual's decision to move from one place to another．Push factors are associated with the place of origin．A push factor can be as simple and mild a matter as difficulty in finding a suitable job，or as traumatic as war，or severe famine．Obviously，refugees who leave their homes with guns pointed at their heads are motivated almost entirely by push factors．
Associated with the place of destination，pull factors are mostly economic，such as better job opportunities or the availability of good land to farm．In general，pull factors add up to an apparently better chance for a good life and material well-being than is offered by the place of origin．When there is a choice between several attractive potential destinations，the deciding factor might be a non-economic consideration such as the presence of relatives，friends，or at least fellow countrymen already established in the new place who are willing to help the newcomers settle in．Considerations of this sort lead to the development of migration flow．
Besides push and pull factors，there are what the sociologists call"intervening obstacles"．Even if push and/or pull factors are very strong they still may be outweighed by intervening obstacles，such as the distance of the move，the trouble and cost of moving，the difficulty of entering the new country，and the problems likely to be encountered on arrival．
The decision to move is also influenced by"personal factors"of the potential migrant．The same push-pull factors and obstacles operate differently on different people，sometimes because they are at different stages of their lives，or just because of their varying abilities and personalities．The prospect of packing up everything and moving to a new and perhaps very strange environment may appear interesting and challenging to an unmarried young man and terribly difficult to a slightly older man with a wife and small kids．Similarly，the need to learn a new language and customs may excite one person and frighten another．
Regardless of why people move，migration of large numbers of people causes conflict．The newest arrivals are usually given the lowest-paid jobs and are resented by native people who may have to compete with them for those jobs．It has usually taken several decades for each group to be accepted into the mainstream of society in the host country．
| Migration | ||
| Passage outline | Supporting details | |
| Broad （71）Definition of migration | Migration is permanent or semi-permanent change of residence． （72）More people move within nations than between nations，yet their motives are alike． | |
| Factors in migration | Push factors | （73）Unable to find a suitable job or suffering from war or natural disaster，people are likely to leave their homeland． |
| Pull factors | （74）Motivated/Influenced by pull factors，people are desperate for more chances to live a better life in the place of destination． Earlier settlers tend to offer help to new migrants，greatly （75）promoting migration flow． | |
| Intervening obstacles | （76）Strong as push and pull factors might be，intervening obstacles seems more difficult for some to （77）overcome． | |
| Personal factors | International migration may be interesting to those unmarried but not to those with a family； the same （78）thought/prospect of picking up a foreign language may make one excited but another frightened． | |
| Impacts of migration | As a result of large numbers of the newest arrivals，conflicts between them and the natives will （79）arise/occur/appear．It usually takes long for the new comers to （80）fit in with the mainstream of the host country． | |
2．In October，2004，an important man，the Russian President came to visit us．Putin was （41）Ain St．Petersburg，Russia's second largest city，in 1952．He came to （42）Cin 2000．Four years later，he was again the president．
Putin does a good job （43）DRussia great．People say that he is serious and capable．But young Putin wasn't a top student （44）B．His student's book and diary from 40years （45）D this．At a time when the top grade was five，Putin got three for maths and science．His art was （46）C worse，only two．What's your （47）Asubject？Putin liked German most．He wrote （48）B German when he was （49）D notes．He even put word cards in the textbook to remember German words!Have you ever （50）Awith friends in class？Putin did the same．He would secretly tell others （51）A
to say when the teacher was asking them for a （an） （52）C． （53）B seemed that young Putin was not good at remembering things．He （54）D forgot to finish his maths homework．Once he forgot to （55）B school uniform．His teacher had to （56）C him to get out of the classroom． （57）B
young Putin did very well in the moral class （品德课）．He always got （58）Dmarks．He also showed a strong （59）A of his motherland at an early age．He wrote a poem for （60）C when he was in primary school．
Putin does a good job （43）DRussia great．People say that he is serious and capable．But young Putin wasn't a top student （44）B．His student's book and diary from 40years （45）D this．At a time when the top grade was five，Putin got three for maths and science．His art was （46）C worse，only two．What's your （47）Asubject？Putin liked German most．He wrote （48）B German when he was （49）D notes．He even put word cards in the textbook to remember German words!Have you ever （50）Awith friends in class？Putin did the same．He would secretly tell others （51）A
to say when the teacher was asking them for a （an） （52）C． （53）B seemed that young Putin was not good at remembering things．He （54）D forgot to finish his maths homework．Once he forgot to （55）B school uniform．His teacher had to （56）C him to get out of the classroom． （57）B
young Putin did very well in the moral class （品德课）．He always got （58）Dmarks．He also showed a strong （59）A of his motherland at an early age．He wrote a poem for （60）C when he was in primary school．
| 41．A．born | B．living | C．growing up | D．staying |
| 42．A．president | B．government | C．power | D．live |
| 43．A．letting | B．earning | C．getting | D．making |
| 44．A．above all | B．at all | C．first of all | D．after all |
| 45．A．prepare | B．display | C．introduce | D．show |
| 46．A．very | B．not | C．even | D．too |
| 47．A．favorite | B．lovely | C．interesting | D．challenging |
| 48．A．with | B．in | C．for | D．by |
| 49．A．keeping | B．remembering | C．reading | D．taking |
| 50．A．talked | B．played | C．smiled | D．joked |
| 51．A．what | B．who | C．when | D．which |
| 52．A．question | B．word | C．answer | D．advice |
| 53．A．There | B．It | C．That | D．This |
| 54．A．ever | B．never | C．recently | D．sometimes |
| 55．A．put on | B．wear | C．dress | D．dress in |
| 56．A．make | B．let | C．tell | D．have |
| 57．A．And | B．But | C．So | D．Then |
| 58．A．all | B．whole | C．few | D．full |
| 59．A．love | B．kindness | C．interest | D．development |
| 60．A．his mother | B．his father | C．Russia | D．Russian |
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16．
Television watching is an activity which is known to be harmful to health and is distinct from getting too little exercise．But a new study suggests its damaging effects may even （41）D alongside those from smoking and obesity（肥胖）．Researchers who studied television viewing habits in Australia calculated that people who watch for a（n） （42）B of six hours a day shorten their life expectancy（预期寿命） by almost five years．
They based their calculations on data on the （43）E _between television viewing and death from the Australian obesity and lifestyle study which involved 11，000adults aged 25and over．Applying these findings to the whole population over 25，who are estimated to have watched 9.8billion hours of TV in 2008，they concluded that it （44）A for 286，000years of life lost-equivalent to 22minutes for each hour watched．By （45）F，smoking one cigarette is estimated to shorten life expectancy by 11minutes-equivalent to half an hour of TV watching．
Writing in the British Journal of Sports Medicine，the authors from the University of Queensland，say the figures suggest"huge loss of life may be （46）H with too much TV viewing．"The UK and other industrialized countries are likely to be similarly affected"given the typically large amounts of time spent watching TV and the similarities in disease patterns．"The researchers add"If these figures are（47）J and shown to reflect a cause and effect relationship，TV viewing is a public health problem comparable in size to established behavioral risk factors．"
Researchers from Taiwan University found even those who did as little as 92minutes'exercise a week-equivalent to 15minutes a day for six days a week-reduced their （48）I of death by 14per cent．Even this small amount of exercise could （49）K one in six of all deaths-similar to the effects of a stop-smoking programme．Each （50）G 15minutes a day reduced the death rate by a further 4per cent．
| A．accounted | B．average | C．continuous | D．rank | E．link | F．comparison |
| G．additional | H．associated | I．risk | J．confirmed | K．postpone |
They based their calculations on data on the （43）E _between television viewing and death from the Australian obesity and lifestyle study which involved 11，000adults aged 25and over．Applying these findings to the whole population over 25，who are estimated to have watched 9.8billion hours of TV in 2008，they concluded that it （44）A for 286，000years of life lost-equivalent to 22minutes for each hour watched．By （45）F，smoking one cigarette is estimated to shorten life expectancy by 11minutes-equivalent to half an hour of TV watching．
Writing in the British Journal of Sports Medicine，the authors from the University of Queensland，say the figures suggest"huge loss of life may be （46）H with too much TV viewing．"The UK and other industrialized countries are likely to be similarly affected"given the typically large amounts of time spent watching TV and the similarities in disease patterns．"The researchers add"If these figures are（47）J and shown to reflect a cause and effect relationship，TV viewing is a public health problem comparable in size to established behavioral risk factors．"
Researchers from Taiwan University found even those who did as little as 92minutes'exercise a week-equivalent to 15minutes a day for six days a week-reduced their （48）I of death by 14per cent．Even this small amount of exercise could （49）K one in six of all deaths-similar to the effects of a stop-smoking programme．Each （50）G 15minutes a day reduced the death rate by a further 4per cent．
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| 你的看法 | … |
1．-Thank you very much for your wonderful lecture，Mr．Bruce！
- ．（ ）
- ．（ ）
| A． | It doesn't matter | |
| B． | Just so-so | |
| C． | That's very kind of you to say so | |
| D． | I'm glad you've enjoyed it |