Question

【题目】 The time children spend outdoors could be linked to a reduced risk of being short-sighted, research suggests.

An analysis of eight previous studies by University of Cambridge researchers found that for each additional hour spent outside per week, the risk of short-sightedness was reduced by 2%.They said exposure to natural light and time spent looking at distant objects could be key factors.

The studies involved more than 10,000 children and adolescents. Dr Justin Sherwin and his research team concluded that short-sighted children spent an average of 3.7 fewer hours per week outdoors than those who either had normal vision or were far-sighted.

But they said the reasons were not yet clear. They expected to find that children who spent more time outdoors also spent less time doing activities like reading, studying or playing computer games, but no such link was found in two of the eight studies which looked at this relationship.

However, Dr Sherwin said they would now need more precise data to try to understand which factors, such as increased use of distance vision, reduced use of near vision, natural ultraviolet(紫外线的) light exposure and physical activity, are most important.

“Any increase in time spent outdoors must be weighed against exposure to ultraviolet radiation and the increased risk of skin cancer, cataracts(白内障)and other cancers.” he said."On the other hand, increasing outdoor physical activity could protect against diabetes and obesity, for example."

Short-sightedness is a common eye condition that causes distant objects to appear blurred(模糊不清的), while close objects can be seen clearly. It is much more common today in the UK and the United States than it was just 30 to 40 years ago. Approximately 1-2% of five-year-olds to seven-year-olds in the UK have short-sightedness. About. five million British people are short-sighted and some 200,000 of them will be seriously short-sighted. In some parts of Asia, more than 80% of the population suffers from short-sightedness.

【1】The underlined word “precise” in the fifth paragraph shares the closest meaning with .

A.accurateB.strong

C.specificD.precious

【2】According to the passage, short-sightedness may have something to do with the following except .

A.obesityB.exposure to natural light

C.looking at distant objectsD.time spent outdoors

【3】The last paragraph is mainly developed by .

A.giving definitionsB.showing figures

C.presenting argumentsD.making comparisons

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】A

【2】A

【3】B

【解析】

这是一篇说明文。根据英国剑桥大学的一项研究，小孩在室外呆的时间越长，他们患近视的风险就越小。这说明室外自然光线对我们的眼睛有益，可以降低我们患近视的概率。不过，过多接受室外光线也有其弊病。

【1】词义猜测题。根据下文such as increased use of distance vision, reduced use of near vision, natural ultraviolet light exposure and physical activity, are most important.可知是在列举一些具体的影响因素，比如增加使用远距离视力，减少使用近距离视力，自然紫外线照射和体育活动。故可知Sherwin博士他们现在需要更精确的数据来了解哪些因素是重要的。故划线单词意思为“精确的；确切的”，故选A。

【2】细节理解题。根据第三段中Dr Justin Sherwin and his research team concluded that short-sighted children spent an average of 3.7 fewer hours per week outdoors than those who either had normal vision or were far-sighted.（Justin Sherwin博士和他的研究小组得出结论，近视儿童每周在户外活动的时间平均比视力正常或远视的儿童少3.7个小时。）以及第四段However, Dr Sherwin said they would now need more precise data to try to understand which factors, such as increased use of distance vision, reduced use of near vision, natural ultraviolet light exposure and physical activity, are most important.（然而，Sherwin博士说，他们现在需要更精确的数据来了解哪些因素是重要的，比如增加使用远距离视力，减少使用近距离视力，自然紫外线照射和体育活动。）可知根据文章，近视可能与暴露在自然光下，看远处的物体，以及在户外呆的时间有关。只有A选项“肥胖”文章并没有提及与近视有关。故选A。

【3】推理判断题。根据最后一段内容Short-sightedness is a common eye condition that causes distant objects to appear blurred , while close objects can be seen clearly. It is much more common today in the UK and the United States than it was just 30 to 40 years ago. Approximately 1-2% of five-year-olds to seven-year-olds in the UK have short-sightedness. About five million British people are short-sighted and some 200,000 of them will be seriously short-sighted. In some parts of Asia, more than 80% of the population suffers from short-sightedness.（近视是一种常见的眼部疾病，它会使远处的物体看起来模糊不清，而近处的物体却能看得很清楚。与30到40年前相比，今天在英国和美国更常见。在英国，大约1-2%的5 - 7岁儿童患有近视。英国约有500万人近视，其中约20万人将严重近视。在亚洲的一些地区，超过80%的人口患有近视。）可知最后一段通过列举具体的数字来展开本段。故选B。