题目内容

Dear Students,
Thank you for your interest in helping with the investigation into mumps(腮腺炎) at University of East Anglia(UEA).
Part 1: What will the oral fluid/saliva sample be tested for?
The oral fluid sample you provide will be tested for mumps antibodies and mumps virus. We will not be reporting results back to individual students. The information gathered will be used to guide public health control of mumps. We will update you via emailing the final outcome to acknowledge your contribution. If you think you have mumps, you will still need to see your GP as per routine.
Part 2: What is involved in the investigation?
(1) We will be contacting you by post to request two oral fluid/saliva samples a few weeks apart and possibly a third sample.
(2) We will contact your GP to collect information on your vaccination records.
What if you change your mind and what safeguards are in place?
Participation is voluntary.
You can withdraw anytime without having to give a reason. Withdrawal will not affect your routine care.
As a public health body, the HPA data collection role is strictly governed. All data will be collected and handled in accordance with strict medical confidences.
Part 3: What to do next if you would like to enroll?
All you have to do now is:
(1)Follow the instructions on the box with regards to taking an oral fluid/saliva swab(棉签).
(2)Complete the request form. If you are unable to complete the vaccination history section, you can leave it blank.
(3)Confirm your consent by signing below.
(4)Send everything (sample form, signed consent and swab sample) back in the prepaid envelope —a stamp is not required.
If you have any queries, please contact Dr. Chee Yung on 0208 327 7603.
Thank you for your time and consideration.
I consent to take part in the oral fluid/saliva investigation of mumps at UEA by the HPA.
Signature:           
Full name:           
Date:           
(   ) 小题1:. This passage is written mainly to         .
A．find the virus that leads to mumpsB．raise funds for HPA
C．guide public health control of mumpsD．encourage students to help investigate mumps
(   ) 小题2:. It can be inferred from the passage that GP refers to         .
A．parentB．doctorC．colleagueD．classmate
(   )小题3:. According to the passage, the following statements are true EXCEPT that         .
A．all the students at University of East Anglia have to take part in the investigation
B．you don’t need to explain why you want to withdraw from the investigation
C．individual students will not be informed of the test results
D．your routine care will not be affected if you withdraw from the investigation
(   ) 小题4:.. The data of the investigation will be         .
A．sent to the GP by the HPAB．collected by individual students
C．managed according to strict medical confidencesD．strictly secret to the HPA
(   )小题5:. To enroll the investigation, you have to         .
A．complete the vaccination history section of the request form
B．send the sample form, the signed consent and the swab sample back at your own expense
C．do as the instructions on the box about how to take an oral fluid/saliva swab
D．contact Dr. Chee Yung on 0208 327 7603

小题1:.D
小题1:.B
小题1:.A
小题1:.C
小题1:.C
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A serious problem for today’s society is who should be responsible for our elderly(老年人) and how to improve their lives. It is not only a financial problem but also a question of the system we want for our society. I would like to suggest several possible solutions to this problem.
First, employers should take the responsibility for their retired employees. To make this possible, a percentage of profits should be set aside for this purpose. But when a company must take life-long responsibility for its employees, it may suffer from a commercial disadvantage due to higher employee costs.
Another way of solving the problem is to return the responsibility to the individual. This means each person must save during his working years to pay for his years of retirement. This does not seem a very fair model since some people have enough trouble paying for their daily life without trying to earn extra to cover their retirement years. This means the government might have to step in to care for the poor.
In addition, the government could take responsibility for the care of the elderly. This could be financed through government taxes to increase the level of pensions（养老金）. Furthermore, some in-situation should be created for senior citizens, which can help provide a comfortable life for them. Unfortunately, as the present situation in our country shows, this is not a truly viable answer. The government can seldom afford to care for the elderly, particularly when it is busy trying to care for the young.
One further solution is that the government or social organizations establish some working places especially for the elderly where they are independent.
To sum up, all these options（选择）have advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, it is reasonable to expect that some combination of these options may be needed to provide the care we hope to give to our elderly generations.
小题1:What is the passage mainly about?
A．The problems faced by the old in society.
B．Why we should take responsibility for the old.
C．How we can improve the lives of the old.
D．Where the old can go to get their pensions.
小题2:According to the passage, how can the government help to improve the lives of retired people?
A．Set aside some profits to help people with problems after they retire.
B．Increase savings levels of people during their working years.
C．Increase the discounts for food and transport for the old.
D．Make available pensions for those who have retired.
小题3:The underlined word “viable” most probably means “__________”.
A．impossibleB．practicalC．usefulD．successful
小题4:What can be concluded from the passage?
A．Taking care of the old is mainly an issue of money.
B．Employers should allow their workers to retire at a later age.
C．Becoming independent should be the goal of most old people.
D．There is no single solution to the problems of the old.
小题5:What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this article?
A．To point out the need for government support for old people.
B．To make general readers aware of the problems of retired people.
C．To discuss some possible solutions to an important social problem.
D．To instruct retired people on how they can have a happier life.
In the United States, 30 percent of the people have a “weight problem”. To many people the cause is obvious (明显的): they eat too much. But scientific evidence (证据) does little to support this idea. Going back to America of 1910, we find that people were thinner than today, yet they ate more food. In those days people worked harder physically, walked more, used machines much less, and didn’t watch television.
Several modern studies, moreover, have shown that fatter people don’t eat more on average than thinner people. A 1979 study of 3,545 London office workers showed that fat people eat less than slim (苗条的) people.
Studies also show that slim people are more active than fat people. A study by a research group at Stanford University found the following interesting facts:
The more the man ran, the greater loss of the body fat.
The more they ran, the greater increase in food intake.
Thus, those who ran the most ate the most, yet lost the greatest amount of body fat.
小题1: Nowadays many Americans have the problem that ______.
A．they are too slim B．they work too hard
C．they are too fatD．they lose too much body fat
小题2: According to the passage, how many people in 900 Americans have a “weight problem”?
A．150.B．300.C．600.D．270.
小题3:Is there any scientific evidence to support the idea that eating too much is the cause of a “weight problem”?
A．Yes, there is plenty of evidence.
B．Of course, there is some evidence to support this.
C．There is hardly any scientific evidence to support this.
D．We are not sure.
小题4:The Americans in 1910 ________.
A．ate more food and had more physical activities
B．ate less food but had more physical activities
C．ate less food and had less physical activities
D．had more problems
Pregnancy(妊娠) and childbirth kill more than 536,000 women a year. More than half of the cases happened in Africa, according to the World Health Organization. In fact, most of the deaths are preventable with basic medical care.
The five leading causes are bleeding, infection, high blood pressure, long­time labor and bad abortions (流产). Mothers' deaths from such causes were largely reduced nearly a century ago in developed countries.
Experts say that what kill many women are “the three delays”— the woman's delay in deciding to go to the hospital, the time she loses traveling there and the hospital's delay in starting treatment. Only about 15 percent of births have dangerous complications(并发症)．
Women lack education and information about birth control. Husbands and in­laws, may decide where a woman gives birth and insist that she stay at home to save money. However, there is no single solution to a problem with so many factors—shortages of doctors, nurses, drugs, equipment, roads and transportation—though hospital officials are trying many things now.
One stopgap measure to solve the problem for the present has been to train assistant medical officers, to perform certain operations. Some African countries are now struggling to train more assistants and midwives (接生婆) , and provide places for pregnant women to stay near hospitals.
But there is a long way to go. Only 20 percent of women in the continent give birth at the hospital. More than 50 percent stay at home to give birth, and the rest go to local clinics that cannot handle emergencies.
小题1:Which is not included in the five leading causes of women's deaths during pregnancy and childbirth?
A．Infection.B．High blood pressure.
C．Traveling long distances.D．Bleeding.
小题2:The underlined word “stopgap” probably means “________ ”in the passage.
A．finalB．temporaryC．effectiveD．instant
小题3:What can we learn from this passage?
A．The governments of African countries have to take more effective measures to save pregnant women.
B．Developed countries should help African countries reduce mothers'deaths.
C．The husbands in poor countries should take responsibility for their wives'deaths.
D．Most problems that cause women's deaths during pregnancy and childbirth can be treated or prevented.
小题4:What is the author's attitude towards the future of preventing women's deaths during pregnancy and childbirth?
A．Positive.B．Negative.C．Objective.D．Subjective.
The rising costs of health care have become a problem for man y countries in the world. To deal with this problem, it is recommended that a big part of the state health budget be used for health education and disease prevention instead of treatment. Actually, many kinds of diseases are preventable in many ways and preventing a disease is usually much cheaper than treating it. For example, people could avoid catching a cold if they dressed warmly when the weather starts getting cold. But many people get sick because they fail to do so, and have to spend money seeing a doctor.
Daily habits like eating more healthy food would have kept millions of families from becoming bankruptif the patients had taken ways for early prevention. For example, keeping a balanced diet, such as not consuming too much animal fat and trying to have enough vegetables and fruits, seems to be quite important.
　　One very effective and costless way of prevention is regular exercise, which is necessary for a healthy mind and body. Regular exercise, such as running, walking, and playing sports is a good way to make people feel better or reduce stress.
In addition, health education plays a key role in improving people’s health. By giving people more information about health, countries could help people understand the importance of disease prevention and ways to achieve it. For example, knowing one’s family medical history is an effective way to help keep healthy. Information about health problems among close relatives will make them aware of what they should do to prevent certain diseases through lifestyle changes, which will work before it is too late.    
However, paying more attention to disease prevention does not mean medical treatment is unimportant. After all, prevention and treatment are just two different means toward the same effect. In conclusion, we could save money on health care and treat patients more successfully if our country spends more money on health prevention and education.
小题1:What’s the best title of the passage?
A．Prevention or Education?B．Exercise or Illness?
C．Health or Illness?D．Prevention or Treatment?
小题2:Which of the following can replace the underlined word “bankrupt”?
A．Unable to be cured.B．Unable to pay one’s debts.
C．Stronger than ever before.D．More successful than ever before.
小题3:We learn from the passage that ______．
A．dressing warmly can prevent diseases.
B．a balanced diet is cheaper than regular exercise.
C．the more health education, the better.
D．the government’s health budget should be increased.
小题4:Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?
Bend over, take a deep breath and drink some water! This is just one of the hundreds of tips you might get if you have the hiccups(打嗝). Hiccups are so mysterious. We really don’t know why they start and why they stop.
Everyone has a favorite cure for a case of the hiccups. Some people think that a good scare is necessary to get well. Others eat a teaspoon of sugar. Still others drink a glass of water with a knife in it.
An American man named Jack O’Leary claimed to have hiccupped 160 million times over a period of eight years. He tried 60,000 cures, but none of them worked. Finally he prayed to Saint Jude, the saint of Hopeless cases, and his hiccupping stopped immediately.
It took a British plumber eight months to cure his hiccups. People from all over the world wrote him letters with suggestions for getting well. He tried them all, but the hiccups continued. Finally, he drank a “secret’’mixture someone had sent him. By that evening his hiccups were gone. Why did these cures work for these two men? No one really knows. But people who have studied many cases of hiccups have an idea. Hiccups usually go away if you believe in the cure.
小题1:
________might be the best cure for hiccups.
A．Special pillsB．A spoonful of saltC．Cold waterD．What you believe in
小题2:
The plumber spent________in stopping his hiccups.
A．4 hoursB．2 daysC．8 monthsD．8 years
小题3:
According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?
A．We know why the hiccups start, but we don’t know how to stop them.
B．Saint Jude is an expert in curing the hiccups.
C．The British plumber drank a secret mixture given by an experienced doctor and then became well.
D．Some people think that a good scare is a cure for a case of hiccups.
小题4:
What is the main idea of this passage?
A．Different ways to stop hiccupsB．What makes hiccups happen
C．How to get hiccupsD．Jack O’Leary’s hiccups
Healthy eating habits are one of the most important lessons a child learns. Parents can make a plan of action for each child’s nutritional needs.
Creating healthy habits
Breakfast is necessary to provide the nutrition and energy for an active day. Studies show that children do better in school when they begin the day with breakfast.
Include your child as much as possible in meal planning and preparation. He is more likely to eat food that he has helped put on the table. Cooking at home and at school encourages curiosity and motivation to try new foods.
The mealtime enviroment has a lot to do with how your child will feel about food. Try to keep the time and location of your meals consistent. Keep the meal itself as the main event by reserving the use of toys, telephone calls and television for later.
Help them regard food such as fruit as being important every day, and other food such as chips as being an occasional treat. Prepare food in a variety of ways.
Snacks
Snacks provide necessary energy for children between meals. Be sure to have plenty of healthy snack choices such as fruit and yogurt available at these times. Snacks should not replace a meal but provide a valuable supplement.
小题1:The passage is written mainly to        
A．teach children to develop good eating habits.
B．exchange ideas with experienced parents
C．learn about children’s food preferrences
D．offer parents some useful suggestions
小题2:A child is more likely to try new foods      
A．when he spends time with other children
B．if he helps prepare the food himself
C．after he has had an active day
D．when he has no snacks
小题3:The underlined word “reserving” most probably means        
A．putting intoB．calling forC．talking aboutD．setting aside
小题4:What would be the best title for the passage?
A．You are what you eat
B．Cook dinner for your child
C．Healthy eating for kids
D．Pleasure in everyday meals
Dieters are often advised to stop drinking alcohol to avoid the extra calories lurking in a glass of wine or a favorite cocktail. But new research suggests that women who regularly consume moderate(适度的) amounts of alcohol are less likely to gain weight than nondrinkers and are at lower risk for obesity (fatness).
The findings, reported this week in the Archives of Internal Medicine, are based on a study of 19,220 United States women aged 30 to 40 who fall into the “normal weight” based on their body mass index. Researchers at Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston tracked the women’s drinking habits over 13 years. About 60 percent of the women were light or regular drinkers, while about 40 percent reported drinking no alcohol.
Over the course of the study, 41 percent of the women became overweight. Although alcohol is packed with calories, the nondrinkers in the study actually gained more weight over time: nine pounds, on average, compared with an average gain of about three pounds among regular moderate drinkers. The risk of becoming overweight was almost 30 percent lower for women who consumed one or two alcohol drinks a day, compared with nondrinkers.
The findings are certain to be confusing for women who continue to receive conflicting messages about the health benefits and risks of alcohol. Although moderate drinking is associated with better heart health, regular drinking also increases breast cancer risk.
The trend toward less weight gain among drinkers doesn’t appear to hold true for men. A 2003 study of British men showed that regular drinkers gained more weight than nondrinkers. Studies suggest that drinking alcohol has different effects on eating habits among men and women. Men typically add alcohol to their daily caloric intake, whereas women are more likely to substitute（替代）alcohol for food. In addition, there may be differences in how men and women metabolize（代谢）alcohol. Metabolic studies show that after men drink alcohol, they experience little if any metabolic change. But alcohol appears to slightly speed up a woman’s metabolism.
The findings don’t mean women should rush to drink alcohol to lose weight. Other research shows that once a person is already overweight, her alcohol metabolism is more efficient, and so an overweight woman may gain more weight from alcohol than a lean(瘦的) woman. The data do, however, suggest that for many women facing weight problems, the extra calories are probably not coming from alcoholic drinks.
小题1: According to the study, which of the following regular drinker is less likely to gain weight than nondrinkers?
             
A                 B                 C                  D
小题2:That men regular drinkers gained more weight than women regular drinkers is due to the following except ______.
A．women are more likely to substitute alcohol for food.
B．men drink alcohol much faster than women.
C．men and women metabolize alcohol differently.
D．men have different effects on eating habits with women.
小题3: The underlined word “whereas” may probably mean _______.
A．soB．in order thatC．butD．and then
小题4:What can a dieter probably do before reading this passage?
A．Rush to drink alcohol to lose weight
B．Add alcohol to his or her daily caloric intake.
C．Face the weight problems alone.
D．Try to stop drinking any alcohol or wine.
Enough sleep is important to health. The amount o f sleep needed depends on the age of the person and the conditions in which sleep takes place. The young may need more sleep than the old, but usually eight hours are enough for the health of grown-ups.   Some can do with less than this amount, but others may need more. Every person knows his own need. It is then a matter of good judgement to satisfy his need. Sleep should always be enough to make one bring back his strength and get ready for a day’s
work.
Fresh air is necessary to sound sleep. It is not without reason for some people to think that it is practicable to sleep in the open air. When one can keep himself warm, out-of-door sleeping probably gives the body its most complete relaxation(松弛). Ability to sleep is largely a habit . The conditions referred to only lead to sleep. Out-of-door exercises, a good habit of regular hours and the avoidance(避免) of late eating and worry, which are largely within the control of any person, are all helpful to sound sleep.
A bath at bedtime, neither hot nor cool but of body temperature, may be helpful to sleep. Sleep-producing drug(药）should never be taken except when suggested by a doctor.
小题1:How many hours are usually enough for the health of a pupil?
A．Less than eight hours. B．No more than eight hours.
C．Eight hours or so. D．No less than eight hours.
小题2: Which of the following is helpful to good sleep?
A．Keeping good habits.
B．Staying up late at night.
C．Eating something at bedtime.
D．Forming the habit of taking sleep-producing drug.
小题3: The amount of sleep a person needs has something to do with________.
A．his ageB．his height
C．his weightD．his character
小题4:Before going to bed, you’d better not_______.
A．take a bathB．do any housework
C．think a lotD．go out for relaxation

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