题目内容

Boiler rooms are often dirty and steamy, but this one is clean and cool. Fox Point is a very new 47-unit living building in South Bronx, one of the city’s poorest areas. Two-thirds of the people living there are formerly (以前) homeless people, whose rent is paid by the government. The rest are low-income families. The boiler room has special equipment, which produces energy for electricity and heat. It reuses heat that would otherwise be lost to the air, reducing carbon emissions(碳排放)while also cutting costs.
Fox Point is operated by Palladia, a group that specializes in providing housing and services to needy people. Palladia received support from Enterprise Community Partners (ECP), which helps build affordable housing by providing support to housing developers.
ECP has created national standards for healthy, environmentally (环境方面) clever and affordable homes which are called, the Green Communities Standards. These standards include water keeping, energy saving and the use of environmentally friendly building materials. Meeting the standards increases housing construction costs by 2%, which is rapidly paid back by lower running costs. Even the positioning of a window to get most daylight can help save energy.
Michael. Bloomberg, New York's mayor plans to create 165,000 affordable housing units for 500,000 New Yorkers. Almost 80% of New York City’s greenhouse-gas emissions come from buildings, and 40% of those are caused by housing. So he recently announced that the city’s Department of Housing and Preservation and Development (DHPD) , whose duty is to develop and keep the city’s supply of affordable housing, will require all its new projects to follow ECP’s green standards.
Similar measures have been taken by other cities such as Cleveland and Denver, but New York’s DHPD is the largest city developer of affordable housing in the country.
小题1:What is the purpose of describing the boiler room in the first paragraph?
A． To explain the measures the city takes to care for poor people.
B． To suggest that affordable housing is possible in all areas.
C． To show how the environment-friendly building works.
D． To compare old and new boiler rooms.
小题2:What is an advantage of the buildings meeting the Green Communities Standards?
A． Lower running costs.
B． Costing less in construction.
C． Less air to be lost in hot days.
D． Better prices for homeless people.
小题3: It can be learned from the text that, ____________________.
A． New York City is seriously polluted
B． people’s daily life causes many carbon emissions in New York City
C． a great number of people in New York City don't have houses to live in
D． some other cities have developed more affordable housing than New York City
小题4:What is the main purpose of this text?
A． To call on people to pay more attention to housing problems.
B． To prove that some standards are needed for affordable housing.
C． To ask society to help homeless people and low-income families.
D． To introduce healthy, environmentally clever-and affordable housing.

小题1:C
小题1:A
小题1:B
小题1:D
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It’s you and I who are to blame for the state of the earth. No question about it. It’s our life-style that is threatening life on Earth, so we must make the changes. The good news is that many of those changes are really quite simple, even enjoyable, but for every careful step we take as individuals , we must press government and industry to take a big step on our benefit . And we must start now. Tomorrow’s too late.
My aim this year is to persuade as many of my friends and colleagues as possible to choose the train, and leave their cars behind too. My gardens have been pesticide(杀虫剂)–free zones for years and I enjoy seeing more wildlife on my doorstep as a result; I’ve tried to reduce my contribution to water pollution too, by using environment-friendly, phosphate(磷)–free washing powder , and by no longer thinking of the toilet as a suitable waste-disposal(处理) point .
I ran after a young lady through town recently to give her back the piece of paper she had carelessly thrown away. She disappeared into a shop, and when I followed her inside and made my presentation, she was doubly embarrassed--she worked there, and the boss gave her a ticking–off too. I’ve started asking fellow drivers at gas stations why they aren’t using unleaded (无铅的) petrol . These are small things, but we have to start somewhere, and every little does help .
小题1:To help the environment, the author is trying to do everything mentioned below EXCEPT        .
A．taking the train instead of a car
B．throwing away the old cars
C．avoiding the use of pesticides
D．running after those who throw articles carelessly
小题2:The author ran after a woman through town because he wanted         .
A．to find out where she worked
B．to give her back the piece of paper she had lost
C．to tell her not to throw away pieces of paper carelessly
D．to ask her to pay him for picking up the piece of paper.
小题3:The word “ticking-off ” in the last paragraph probably means         .
A．blaming B．a piece of paperC．prizeD．ticket
小题4:The purpose of this passage is to         .
A．persuade his friends to take the train
B．inform us of the good news
C．make clear who is responsible for the environment
D．try to advise us all to protect our environment
Scientists say they have discovered a promising treatment for sleeping sickness, a killer disease that infects(感染) about 60,000 people in Africa a year．
British and Canadian experts say drugs could attack the parasite（寄生虫） causing the illness．They say the drug could be ready for human medical test in about 18 months．
The disease, spread by the bite of a fly, is caused by a parasite attacking the central nervous system．It has similar symptoms（症状） to malaria（疟疾）, making it difficult to diagnose．Left untreated, it moves to the brain, resulting in mental confusion and final death
The "breakthrough" came at the University of Dundee in Scotland, where scientists were offered money to research diseases ignored by major drugs companies．
Professor Paul Wyatt, director of the programme, said: "This is one of the most significant findings made in recent years in terms of drug discovery and development for ignored diseases."
He said the research, published in the journal Nature, represented "significant progress" in the development of a full blown drug against the disease．
The World Health Organization said there are between 50,000 and 70,000 cases of the disease a year, with a further 60 million people at risk of infection．
The research in Dundee was backed by partners at the University of York in England and the Structural Genomics Consortium in Toronto, Canada．The two drugs currently available to treat sleeping sickness both have problems．One is with side effects that kill one in 20 patients and the other is costly, only partially effective and requires long-time hospital treatment, the scientists said．
小题1:The word backedin the last paragraph probably means_____.
A．conductedB．supportedC．believedD．managed
小题2:What the World Health Organization said suggested that______.
A．about 60000 people died of the disease each year
B．about 60000 people were cured of the disease each year
C．600 million people are likely to get infected
D．the disease is spreading fast in Africa
小题3:We can read this passage______.
A．in the journal Nature
B．in a newspaper of the University of Dundee
C．in a book about flies
D．in a newspaper about medicine
小题4:We can learn from the passage that______．
A．big drug companies play an important role in the research of the new drug
B．people who get infected with the disease are mentally disturbed
C．among 200 people infected with the disease, 5 may die because of the old drug
D．Professor Paul Wyatt may be a professor at the University of York
It is difficult for doctors to help a person with a damaged brain. Without enough blood, the brain lives for only three to five minutes. More often the doctors can’t fix the damage. Sometimes they are afraid to try something to help because it is dangerous to work on the brain. The doctors might make the person worse if he operates on the brain.
Dr. Robert White, a famous professor and doctor, thinks he knows a way to help. He thinks doctors should make the brain very cold. If it is very cold, the brain can live without blood for 30 minutes. This gives the doctor a longer time to do something for the brain.
Dr. White tried his idea on 13 monkeys. First he taught them to do different jobs, then he operated on them. He made the monkeys’ blood back to the monkeys’ brains. When the brain’s temperature was 10℃, Dr. White stopped the blood to the brain. After 30 minutes he turned the blood back on. He warmed the blood again. After their operations the monkeys were like they had been before. They were healthy and busy. Each one could still do the jobs the doctor had taught them.
小题1:.The biggest difficulty in operating on the damaged brain is that ____.
A．the time is too short for doctors
B．the patients are often too nervous
C．the damage is extremely hard to fix
D．the blood-cooling machine might break down
小题2:.The brain operation was made possible mainly by ____.
A．taking the blood out of the brain
B．trying the operation on monkeys first
C．having the blood go through a machine
D．lowering the brain’s temperature
小题3:.With Dr. White’s new idea, the operation on the damaged brain ____.
A．can last as long as 30 minutes
B．can keep the brain’s blood warm
C．can keep the patient’s brain healthy
D．can help monkeys do different jobs
小题4:. What is the right order of the steps in the operations?
a. send the cooled back to the brain      b. stop the blood to the brain
c. have the blood cooled down          d. operate on the brain
A．a, b, c, dB．c, a, b, dC．c, b, d, aD．b, c, d, a
Britain is set to face an increase in cold winters, with up to one-in-seven hitting the UK with longer periods of time when temperatures are below freezing, a study has suggested．The prediction was based on research that found out how low solar activity affected winter weather patterns．
However, the researchers were eager to stress that their findings did not suggest that the region was about to fall suddenly into a "little ice age"．The findings appear in the journal Environmental Research Letters．"We could get to the point where one-in-seven winters are very cold, as we had at the start of last winter and all through the winter before last," said co-author Mike Lockwood, professor of space environment physics at the University of Reading．
Using the Central England Temperature （CET） record, the world's longest instrumental data series that dates back to 1659, the team said that in general temperatures during recent winters had been obviously lower than the longer-term temperatures．"The mean CET for December, January and February for the recent relatively cold winters of 2008 ~ 2009 and 2009~2010 were 3．50℃ and 2．53℃ respectively," they wrote．"However, the mean value for the previous 20 winters had been 5．04℃．The series of lower winter temperatures in the UK during the last three years had raised questions about the probability of more similar, or even colder, winters occurring in the future．"
Last year．Professor Lockwood and colleagues published a paper that found a link between fewer sunspots and atmospheric conditions that "blocked" warm westerly winds reaching Europe during winter months, opening the way for cold easterly winds from the Arctic and Russia to sweep across the region．Professor Lockwood, while acknowledging that there were a range of possible meteorological factors （气象因素） that could influence blocking events, said the latest study moved things forward by showing that there was "improvement in the predictive skill" when solar activity was taken into consideration．
小题1:We can know from the second paragraph that _____．
A．research shows that Britain will soon fall into an ice age
B．Mike Lockwood's research focuses on space environment physics
C．it was quite cold in Britain over the entire winter last year
D．so far one-in-seven winters have been very cold in Britain
小题2:The．underlined word "mean" in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to "_____"．
A．averageB．stableC．ungenerousD．changeable
小题3:What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A．It was sunspots that blocked warm westerly winds reaching Europe．
B．Meteorological factors hardly have any influence on blocking events．
C．The latest study done by Professor Lockwood was of little practical value．
D．Considering solar activity or not affects the accuracy of weather forecasting．
小题4:What's the best title of the passage?
A．Another big danger approaching the UK
B．Research finds out solar activity is to blame for the cold
C．UK faces more cold winters due to weaker solar activity
D．Changes in weather patterns should be responsible for low solar activity
Depression(抑郁症)is a serious problem today．Depression causes workers to be unproductive，causing companies and countries to lose billion of dollars．One expert says that depression is like cancer because it is “widespread, costly and deadly”．Depression hits one person in five around the world．
Although people have believed depression to be a problem among the rich and educated，studies show that depression is a problem among everyone．Over any six-month period, between five to seven percent of the world’s population will be suffering from a serious depression．
Suicide(自杀)rates among people suffering from the disease in its extreme, or clinical form were 80 percent higher than in the population at large, and sufferers were four times more likely to have heart attacks．People who suffer from depression often have problems sleeping，getting up on time，and doing work productively.
Depression, which researchers agree has its origin in the genes(基因)，brings loss of confidence and ability to concentrate, making it possible for employees and managers to work efficiently．
Depression is made more serious in China by Chinese’s inability to face it．Many people believe that depressed people are either weak or lazy．Besides，there is no good treatment，with few specialists available．
“Most patients in China just don’t get help,” a Chinese doctor says．“In my hospital，I have
to see 30 or 40 patients in a morning，and just have time to say ‘Hello，how do you feel ?…’”
In Western countries，people are not afraid to admit that they have depression，but most do not tell it to their boss，because they fear that their boss would fire them．
“In my experience，aging bosses are the most willing to admit they have it, because they feel
the most secure about themselves, ” an American doctor says．
Hopefully，in the near future，people around the world will be able to admit that they have depression so that they can get the right treatment.
小题1:Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A．It is widely believed that everyone may suffer from depression．
B．Depression brings great problems to its sufferers in their life and work．
C．Depression is a commonly-existing problem only in rich countries．
D．The poorer and the less educated a person is，the less he will suffer from depression．
小题2:Compared to normal people，depressed people are likely to be________．   
A．very unconfident and often absent-mindedB．easy to avoid being hit by heart attacks
C．working efficiently and productivelyD．either weak or lazy
小题3:Depression becomes more serious in China because of_________．
A．the understanding of the problemB．the lack of treatment and doctors
C．their unwillingness to tell it to their bossD．the doctors’ careless work
小题4:What can we infer from the passage?
A．People are suffering from depression because of the shortage of specialists．
B．The aging bosses around the world dare to say they are depressed．
C．More and mote patients will turn to specialists for help
D．Western people are braver than Chinese people
The teaching hospital is one associated with a medical school. Teaching hospitals are large, with a range of from 300 to 200 beds. These hospitals always have interns(实习医师) and residents(住院医师) and additionally have medical students on the hospital wards. They have superb technical resources, and it is here that the most extraordinary events of medicine take place. Open-heart surgery, transplantation of kidneys, elaborate(精致的) nurseries for the newborn, support for management of rare blood diseases, and other wonderful achievements are all available here. Dozens of people may be concerned with the well-being of a particular patient. Important medical decisions are thoroughly discussed, presented at conferences, and reviewed by many personnel.
On the other hand, the quality of personal relationships at teaching hospitals is variable. Many patients feel that they are treated in an impersonal way, and that their laboratory tests receive more attention that their human and social problems. Since these institutions are on the frontier of medicine, there is a tendency to emphasize the new and elaborate procedures, when older and more modest ones might have served as well. With the inexperience of some members of the care team, there is a tendency to order more laboratory tests than what would have been ordered for the same condition in a private hospital. The sick patients are sometimes confused by having to relate to a large number of doctors and students. Medical educators are concerned with such criticisms and have to correct some of the problems. However, some excesses(超额) of technological medicine still occur in these institutions.
小题1:One of the advantages of a teaching hospital is that         .
A．its first-class personnel are a guarantee of excellent medical care
B．its first-class medical facilities and skills make medical breakthroughs possible
C．the interns, residents and medical students all offer satisfactory services
D．its laboratory staff provide high-class professional aids for the doctors
小题2:The passage implies that         .
A．private hospitals usually give personalized care of high quality
B．private hospitals have more experienced laboratory staff
C．teaching hospitals use patients as subjects for their experiments
D．teaching hospitals usually give patients improper treatment
小题3:Treatments of some difficult and complicated cases in teaching hospital are decided         .
A．by specialists in charge of the case
B．by doctors and students together
C．on some special and important occasions
D．through collective efforts and serious review
小题4: The problem that still bothers teaching hospitals frequently is         .
A．the inadequate patient care caused by irresponsible nurses.
B．the wrong decisions made by inexperienced doctors
C．improper dependence on technological medicine
D．the inconvenience caused by the presence of medical students
Four out of ten women who diet end up heavier than when they started watching their waistline（腰围）, a study revealed today. The research also showed that a large percentage of women start noticing the pounds creeping back on just 21 days after reaching their ideal weight.
Yesterday, Dr Ian Campbell of the Jenny Craig weight management program said: 'In the UK 61.4 per cent of adults are overweight or obese. Successful weight management requires a long-term commitment in order to lose weight successfully and for good. Dieting can be a real challenge so setting realistic goals and remaining focused on them is important. Otherwise as this research shows, women could end up heavier than when they started.'
The 'Food: Body: Mind' report was publicized by Jenny Craig who quizzed 2000 women aged between 18 and 65 who diet regularly on their attitudes, beliefs and behaviors around weight loss. Six in ten said they are currently on a diet and one in five women said they are on a 'continuous diet'.
It found the most common triggers to start dieting was seeing their 'reflection in the mirror', preparing for a summer holiday or unflattering photos posted on social networking sites. Other popular reasons include comments by friends or relatives or their other half.
However, the study showed that one in ten give up within one day, while almost a fifth manage to make it to a week or more. The average is ten days. Many blamed pressure they put on themselves to lose weight too quickly for the weight gain, which leaves them with a bigger appetite than normal. Others blamed colleagues, who tuck into fatty lunches and snacks unaware of the effect it has on the dieter, while mothers who polish off their children's leftovers was another common cause of weight gain.
小题1:Which of the following might be the best title for this article?
A．Three reasons to fail in dietingB．Important things for successful diet
C．Four in ten women gain weight on dietsD．Obesity: problem for 61.4% adults in UK
小题2:In the UK, women who go on a diet __________.
A． are all overweight or obese
B． all fail because they are not persistent enough
C． are likely to gain weight again after reaching their ideal weight
D． end up heavier than when they start to diet
小题3:The underlined word “triggers” in Paragraph 4 probably means_________.
A．effects B．causesC． examplesD．imagination
小题4:Which of the following is NOT the reason why many people quit dieting very soon?
A．The pressure they put on themselves to lose weight quickly.
B．Colleagues who give them fatty lunches and snacks.
C．Leftovers of children’s taken by their mothers.
D．Reflections they see in the mirror.

B
Should doctors ever lie to benefit their patient–to
speed recovery or to cover the coming of death? In
medicine as in law, government, and other lines of
work, the requirements of honesty often seem dwarfed
（变矮小）by greater needs: the need to protect from
brutal news or to uphold a promise of secrecy; to advance
the public interest．
What should doctors say, for example, to a 46-year-old man coming in for a routine physical checkup just before going on vacation with his family who, though he feels in perfect health, is found to have a form of cancer that will cause him to die within six months? Is it best to tell him the  truth? If he asks, should the doctor reject that he is ill, or minimize fee gravity of the illness? Should they at least hide the truth until after the family vacation?
Doctors face such choices often．At times, they see important reasons to lie for the patient's own sake; in their eyes, such lies differ sharply from self-serving ones．
Studies show that most doctors sincerely believe that the seriously ill patients do not want to know the truth about their condition, and that informing them risks destroying their hope, so that they may recover more slowly, or deteriorate （恶化） faster, perhaps even commit suicide（自杀）．
But other studies show that, contrary to the belief of many physicians; a great majority of patients do want to be told the truth, even about serious illness, and feel cheated when they learn that they have been misled．We are also learning that truthful information, humanly conveyed, helps patients cope with illness: help them tolerate pain better, need less medicine, and even recover faster after operation．
There is urgent need to debate this issue openly．Not only in medicine, but in other professions as well, practitioners may find themselves repeatedly in difficulty where serious consequences seem avoidable only through deception （欺骗）．Yet the public has every reason to know professional deception, for such practices are peculiarly likely to become deeply rooted, to spread, and to trust．Neither in medicine, nor in law, government, or the social sciences can there be comfort in the old saying, "What you don't know can't hurt you．"
60．What is the passage mainly about?
A．Whether patients really want to know the truth of their condition．
B．Whether patients should be told the truth of their illness．
C．Whether different studies should be carried on．
D．Whether doctors are honesty with their patients．
61．For the case mentioned in paragraph 2, most doctors will ____．
A．tell the patient the truth as soon as possible
B．choose to lie to him about his condition at that moment
C．tell him to shorten the family vacation
D．advise him to cancel the family vacation
62．Which of the following is TRUE?
A．Sometimes government tells lies because they need to meet the public interest．
B．Doctors believe if they lie, those seriously-ill patients will recover more quickly．
C．Truthful information helps patients deal with their illness in some cases．
D．Many patients don't want to know the truth, especially about serious illness．
63．From the passage, we can learn that the author's attitude to professional deception is ____．
A．supportive          B．indifferent       C．opposed       D．neutral
63．From the passage, we can learn that the author’s attitude to professional deception is      .
A．supportive       B．indifferent       C．opposed    D．neutral

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