题目内容
16．People have smoked cigarettes for a long time now．The tobacco used to make cigarettes was grown in what is now part of the United States．Christopher Columbus，who discovered America，saw the Indians smoking，and soon the dried leaves were transported （运输） to Europe where smoking began to catch on．In the late 1800s，the Turks （土耳其人） made cigarettes popular．Cigarettes smoke contains at least two harmful substances （物质），tar and nicotine．Tar，which forms as the tobacco bums，damages the lungs and therefore affects breathing．Nicotine，which is found in the leaves，causes the heart to beat faster and increases breathing rate．
Smoking cigarettes is dangerous．The U．S．Public Health Service stated that cigarette smoking is the cause of lung cancers and several other deadly diseases．The U．S．government now requires that each package of cigarettes bear （带有） a special warning about the danger of smoking．
16．The expression"catch on"in the passage may meanC．
A．start
B．cost a lot
C．become popular
D．dangerous
17．Before Columbus discovered AmericaD．
A．Europeans had smoked
B．Nobody smoked in the world
C．Nicotine was not in tobacco
D．Europeans had never smoked
18．In the nineteenth century smoking became popular because of the people inB．
A．India
B．Turkey
C．the U．S．
D．British
19．Breathing is affected byD．
A．nicotine B．Tar
C．heat D．both A and B
20．Which of the following is Not right？B
A．Smoking cigarettes is thought to be dangerous．
B．The U．S．Public Health Service has found the cause of lung cancers and several other deadly diseases．
C．Cigarette smoking is the cause of lung cancers and several other deadly diseases．
D．The U．S．government wants smokers to know the danger of smoking．
分析 短文主要讲了吸烟的起源及其危害等．
解答 16．C，词义猜测题，根据前面提到soon the dried leaves were transported （运输） to Europe，把干的叶子运到欧洲就是用来吸烟的，可以猜测改词的意思是让吸烟变得受欢迎，故答案为C．
17．D，细节理解题，根据句子Christopher Columbus，who discovered America，saw the Indians smoking可知，在哥伦布发现美洲之前，欧洲人从没见过吸烟，故答案为D．
18．B，细节理解题，根据句子In the late 1800s，the Turks （土耳其人） made cigarettes popular可知，在19世纪是土耳其人让吸烟变得流行的，故答案为B．
19．D，细节理解题，根据句子Tar，which forms as the tobacco bums，damages the lungs and therefore affects breathing．Nicotine，which is found in the leaves，causes the heart to beat faster and increases breathing rate可知，是焦油和尼古丁影响到呼吸，故答案为D．
20．B，细节理解题，根据句子The U．S．Public Health Service stated that cigarette smoking is the cause of lung cancers and several other deadly diseases可知，美国公共卫生局说吸烟是肝癌和其他致命疾病的原因，但没有说是公共卫生局发现的，故答案为B．
点评 解答任务型阅读理解题，首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意．因为阅读理解题一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料．其次，细读题材，各个击破．掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息．最后，要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性．对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准．
