题目内容

12．Loneliness has been linked to depression（抑郁）and other health problems．Now，a study says it can also spread．A friend of a lonely person was fifty-two percent more likely to develop feelings of loneliness．And a friend of that friend was twenty-five percent more likely to do the same．
Earlier findings showed that happiness，obesity（肥胖） and the ability to stop smoking can also spread like infections within social groups．The findings all come from a major health study in the American town of Framingham，Massachusetts．
The study began in 1948to investigate the causes of heart disease．Since then，more tests have been added，including measures of loneliness and depression．
The new findings involved more than five thousand people in the second generation of the Framingham Heart Study．The researchers examined friendship histories and reports of loneliness．The results established a pattern that spread as people reported fewer close friends．
For example，loneliness can affect relationships between next-door neighbors．The loneliness spreads as neighbors who were close friends now spend less time together．The study also found that loneliness spreads more easily among women than men．
The average person is said to experience feelings of loneliness about forty-eight days a year．The study found that having a lonely friend can add about seventeen days．But every additional friend can decrease loneliness by two and a half days．
Lonely people become less and less trusting of others．This makes it more and more difficult for them to make friends-and more likely that society will reject（排斥）them．
John Cacioppo at the University of Chicago led the study．He says it is important to recognize and deal with loneliness．He says people who have been pushed to the edges of society should receive help to repair their social networks．

59．As an average person，if you make 2more friends，how many days a year might you suffer from loneliness？B
A.48days．  B.43days．  C.65days．  D.17days．
60．What can we infer （推断）from the passage about lonely people？C
A．They can overcome loneliness themselves．
B．They will decrease loneliness day by day．
C．They need help to get back to normal social life．
D．They can help others to repair their social networks．
61．What's the best way to help lonely people according to this passage？B
A．Bring them together．     B．Make friends with them．
C．Help them stop smoking．  D．Help them loose weight．
62．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage？A
A．Loneliness And Social Net Work 　　　B．Social Networks And Friendship
C．Loneliness And Diet　　　　　　 　  　D．Help A Lonely Person．

分析 孤独与抑郁和其他健康问题有关，现在一项研究表明它也可以传播．研究表明，一般人一年有48感到孤独，但是每增加一个朋友都可以减少两天半的孤独感，因此多交朋友可以减少人们的孤独．

解答 59．B 细节理解题．根据倒数第三段第一句The average person is said to experience feelings of loneliness about forty-eight days a year．一般人一年大约体验四十八天孤独感，和第三句But every additional friend can decrease loneliness by two and a half days．但是每增加一个朋友都可以减少两天半的孤独感．可知增加两位普通朋友可让一个人孤独的时间减少5天．故选B．
60．C 推理判断题．根据倒数第二段Lonely people become less and less trusting of others．This makes it more and more difficult for them to make friends-and more likely that society will reject（排斥）them．孤独的人会逐渐失去对人的信任．这使得他们交朋友越来越难，社会也好像更排斥他们．和最后一段的…people who have been pushed to the edges of society should receive help to repair their social networks．被推到社会边缘的人们应该获取帮助来修复他们的社交网络．可知，孤独的人需要帮助才能恢复正常的社会生活．因此可推知答案为C项．
3．B 推理判断题．根据倒数第三段最后一句But every additional friend can decrease loneliness by two and a half days．可知，每增加一个朋友都可以减少两天半的孤独感，所以帮助孤独者最好的方法是与他们交朋友．故选B．
4．A 主旨大意题．第一段点明了本文的主题：孤独影响朋友、邻里等社会关系．故选A．

点评 本文是科教类阅读，主要考查细节理解题和推理判断题．在做细节理解题时，首先根据题目要求迅速在文章里找出相应的段落、句子或短语．认真比较选项和文中细节的区别，在做推理判断题时不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断．

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2．For medical students，real experience begins not in a classroom but at a teaching hospital．These doctors in training are guided．But sometimes accidents happen and the students get injured．
For example，they might stick themselves with a needle while treating patients．Such needle sticks are common．But a recent study found that medical students often fail to report them．Failing to report an injury like this can be dangerous if a patient，or a medical worker，has an infectious disease．
Researchers at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore，Maryland，did the study，which involved a survey answered by almost 700 surgeons in training in the United States．
Almost 60% said they had suffered needle stick injuries when they were in medical school．Many said they were stuck more than once．Yet nearly half of those whose most recent incident happened in school did not report it to a health office．If they had，they would have been tested to see if they needed treatment to prevent an infection like HIV or hepatitis．
Most known cases of HIV or hepatitis are reported，but other possible infections often are not．Martin Makary，the lead author of the study，says medical students who are stuck put themselves and others in danger from infectious diseases．
Doctor Makary said，"A needle that goes through the skin needs to be as sharp as possible．"Doctors in training may have to do hundreds of stitches （缝线） in some cases to close the skin after an operation．
Doctor Makary said，"I support using blunt tip needles which are considered safer．This needle is still sharp enough to go through body tissue，but it does have a blunt tip，so that if it accidentally goes into my finger，it's much less likely to hurt me．"
How common are needle sticks among health care workers？An estimated 600，000 to 800，000 of these and similar injuries are reported each year in the United States．But Doctor Makary says the real number may be much higher．
The study advises doctors to protect their hands by wearing two sets of gloves．It also urges hospitals to establish a special telephone number for medical workers and students to call if they are injured．The idea is for hospitals to send a clear message that there is no reason not to report this kind of accident．
41．It is dangerous for medical students not to report needle stick injuries becauseC．
A．they don't know how to treat themselves．
B．they may meet more needle sticks
C．it may cause some diseases               
D．it may make patients sad．
42．If they report needle stick injuries，medical students willD．
A．receive treatment                
B．be forbidden to use sharp needles
C．spend more time on training        
D．receive tests
43．The underlined word"blunt"in Paragraph 7 is the closest in meaning to"A"．
A．not sharp           B．not safe           C．not long        D．not thick
44．What do we know from the passage？D
A．Doctors who don't report needle stick injuries will be punished．
B．Needle sticks among health care workers will reduce sharply in the future．
C．Most needle stick injuries happen in the United States．
D．Two suggestions are given to protect medical workers and students．
45．Where can this passage most probably be found？B
A．In an entertainment magazine               
B．In a science magazine 
C．In a storybook                          
D．In science fiction．
3．Itwas mostly based on German  than  the  English  we  speak  at  present．（ base ）
当时的英语更多地是以德语为基础的，而现代英语不是．
20．Joe explained that he did not meanto hurt （hurt） Lily．He just wanted to play a joke on her．
7．I'm so happy that my dream will soon come true．
I'm so happy that my dream will soonturn intoreality．
17．The doctor suggested he（should）not smoke（not smoke） any longer．
4．男孩和女孩在这方面往往有多不同．
Boys and girlstendto　be different in this regard．
1．Rather than _______ here waiting，I prefer _______to find out what on earth has happened．（　　）
A．sit； goingB．sit； goC．sitting； goD．sit； to go
2．China's second manned space flight will be done by two astronauts over five days in 2005．"Shenzhou-VI will be sent into space sometime in 2005，"said Zuo Saichun，a spokesperson of the China Aerospace Science and Technology （CAST）．"The spacecraft（宇宙飞船） will make new breakthroughs in China's manned space technology．"
Unlike Shenzhou-V，a little more than a year ago （in October，2003），the next flight will see two astronauts fly in space for five days．Their capsule （太空舱） is designed to be capable of orbiting for a whole week，the spokesperson said．"For the first time，astronauts will enter and live in the orbital module（舱） of the spacecraft to do scientific experiments，"said a statement from CAST．CAST did not say what those experiments will be．
In Shenzhou-VI，scientists have changed the spacecraft's configuration （构形） to reduce its weight，and tried to improve the performance of on-board equipment．They have also worked to make sure of the energy supply of the spacecraft and further improve its safety．So far，scientists have worked out ways to solve problems on environmental control and life support．Shenzhou-VI will be sent into orbit atop a Long March 2F rocket．
Meanwhile，a mode l of the Chang'e-1 satellite is expected to be sent to orbit the moo n in two years．The satellite，part of the three-stage programme，would be followed by the landing of an unmanned vehicle on the moon in the second stage by 2010 and collecting samples of lunar soil by 2020 in the final stage，according to Sun Laiyan，director of the China National Space Administration．
32．Which of the following about Shenzhou-VI is NOT true？B
A．It will be sent into space in 2005．
B．It is capable of orbiting for two weeks．
C．It will be sent into orbit atop a Long March 2F rocket．
D．It will be sent into space with two as tronauts．
33．According to the passage，the following problems should be solved before Shenzhou-VI is sent into space EXCEPTD．
A．environmental control       
B．energy supply
C．life support                
D．lunar soil collecting
34．Which of the following does NOT belong to the three-stage programme？A
A．Shenzhou-VI's being sent into space．
B．A model of the Chang'e-1 satellite will be sent to orbit the moon．
C．The landing of an unmanned vehicle on the moon．
D．Collecting samples of lunar soil．
35．The passage mainly tells usB．
A．some problems need solving before Shenzhou-VI is sent into space
B．Shenzhou-VI will be sent into space in 2005
C．what China's space programme is
D．how China's three-stage programme is carried out．

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