题目内容

14．This week，we talk about the application process for American colleges and universities．This is part eight in our Foreign Student Series．
Earlier，we explained how to begin a search for schools by going to one of the American educational advising centers around the world．We also discussed the rules for entering in the United States．And we talked about programs that can be completed online．
But if your goal is to come to the United States to study，then it is time to make a list of colleges or universities that interest you．Be sure to choose more than one．Directors of foreign student admissions say students should apply to at least three schools．
Some students want to attend a small college．Others want to go to a big university．If a really big university appeals to you，then there are ones likeOhio State．That university in Columbus，Ohio，in the Midwest，has almost fifty-two thousand students．There are students this year from around one hundred fifty countries．
Ohio State provides international students with an application on its Web site．You can pay the application charge online with a credit card．Or you can print the forms and mail them with the payment．
Many colleges and universities have their applications and also their catalogs online．
You should start on your applications at least two years before you want to begin studies．
Completing a college application can take some time．But answering all the questions is not enough．Another important step is taking admissions tests．The SAT is the college entry test that American high school students most commonly take．Another one is the ACT．
Colleges and universities may also require international students to take the TOEFL--the Test of English as a Foreign Language．
If you have a general question for our Foreign Student Series，write to special@voanews．com．
55．What purpose do Paragraphs 1 and 2 serve in the passage？D
A．To provide background information of the topic．
B．To attract readers'attention to the topic．
C．To offer basic advice on the topic．
D．To remind the readers of the last few parts mentioned of the topic．
56．The underlined part"Ohio State"refers toCin the fourth passage．
A．one of the states in America        
B．another name for"Columbus，Ohio"
C．a university in America             
D．the name of a web site
57．Besides a college application，you are required to takeBtest（s） if you're not an American．
A．only one         B．two          C．three        D．no
58．What will the author most probably talk about next time？D
A．A list of colleges or universities that interest you．
B．The rules for entering in the United States and programs to be completed online．
C．How to connect American educational advising center．
D．More detailed information about tests to take．

分析 本文讲述美国大学入学申请的第八部分，告诉想去美国上大学的学生需要注意的事项．

解答 DCBD
55  D   细节题． 根据文章第二 段Earlier，we explained how to begin a search for schools by going to one of the American educational advising centers around the world． 可知在此之前作者告诉了一些读者需要注意的事项，故选D．
56   C   细节题． 根据文章第四 段That university in Columbus，Ohio，in the Midwest，has almost fifty-two thousand students． 可知Ohio State是美国的一个大学，故选C．
57   B    细节题． 根据文章Another important step is taking admissions tests．和Colleges and universities may also require international students to take the TOEFL--the Test of English as a Foreign Language． 可知除了大学申请，还需要做两件事情，故选B．
58   D   细节题．通读全文可知作者会在下次讨论更多关于考试的一些细节，故选D．

点评 做阅读理解时要快速的浏览全文，把握文章主旨大意，带着问题回到原文，寻找细节或概括相应的答案，最后要理清作者写作思路．

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4．Lots of bacteria can grow in the seemingly unfriendly environment under glaciers（冰川），a region formerly considered free of much biology．This finding by glaciologists working in Switzerland could help solve some puzzles of the last ice age and point the way for finding life on other planets．
Bacteria with odd lifestyles have been under increasing study lately，with most research focused on the species which prefer hot homes．The new study shifts attention to the other end of the thermometer（温度计）．The exciting thing is the idea of pushing the window of acceptable bacterial environments a little bit farther open．
Researchers have previously collected small numbers of bacteria from ice in Antarctica and Greenland，but they could not determine whether these were active bacteria or just frozen cells blown in by wind．In contrast，the earth beneath two Swiss glaciers harbors large colonies of bacteria-hundreds of millions of cells per gram-that appear to be growing at 0℃．
Scientists followed upon these findings by taking samples of ice，water，and earth at two mountain glaciers．They found that earth beneath the glaciers contained much larger populations of bacteria than did surface and inner part of ice．Those findings indicate that the bacteria were growing at the bottom of the glacier and are not something washed in while the scientists drilled through the ice．
Looking at the bacteria under a microscope（显微镜），the researchers found that many were in the process of dividing，and healthy under the ice．The bacteria might break down minerals and plant remains originally buried beneath the glacier or later washed in by water going slowly through the ice，scientists say．
"Some of the assumptions we have made in the past now must be seriously questioned，"say researchers．"If bacteria can live under glaciers on Earth，why not on other planets？The new study points out in many ways that the bottoms of glaciers are probably quite good environments from the point of view of bacteria．So，maybe the bottom of the ice sheets on other planets would be a sensible place to try if you're going to look for life on them．"

72．What is special about the new study on bacteria？D
A．It focuses on the bacteria in hot environments．
B．It opens the windows of the bacterial labs wider．
C．It pays more attention to the bacteria in the thermometer．
D．It changes scientists'view about the environment bacteria exist in．
73．Which of the following facts proves that bacteria under glaciers are alive？C
A．Water is going slowly through the ice．
B．The drills used by scientists are free of bacteria．
C．Many of the bacteria are in the process of dividing．
D．The earth beneath the glacier contains more bacteria．
74．From the passage we can learn thatC．
A．bacteria disappear in the inner part of ice 
B．bacteria must be also alive on other planets
C．bacteria can grow in extreme weathers      
D．bacteria grow by breaking themselves down
75．The passage is mainly about the possibility of the existence of lifeD．
A．under the sea    B．in hot water   C．on other planets    D．under glaciers．
5．Getting rid of dirt，in the opinion of most people，is a good thing．However，there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt．
In the early 16th century，people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease，as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in．A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths．By 1538，the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom．So did the king of England in 1546．Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way．Henry IV，king of France，was famously dirty．Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath，the king ordered that，to avoid the attack of disease，the nobleman should not go out．
Though the belief in the merit of dirt was long-lived，dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century．Scientifically speaking，cleaning away dirt is good to health．Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease．Yet，it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War II．Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea：clothes need to be whiter than white，cloths ever softer，surfaces to shine．Has the hate for dirt，however，gone too far？
Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays．Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt，which might be responsible for the spread of disease．On the contrary，Mary Ruebush，an American immunologist （免疫学家），encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system．And the latter position is gaining some ground．

47．The kings of France and England in the 16th century closed bath houses becauseC．
A．they lived healthily in a dirty environment
B．they thought bath houses were too dirty to stay in
C．they believed disease could be spread in public baths
D．they considered bathing as the cause of skin disease
48．Which of the following best describes Henry IV's attitude to bathing？A
A．Afraid   B．Curious   C．Approving   D．Uninterested
49．How does the passage mainly develop？C
A．By providing examples．
B．By making comparisons．
C．By following the order of time．
D．By following the order of importance．
50．What is the author's purpose in writing the passage？D
A．To stress the role of dirt．
B．To introduce the history of dirt．
C．To call attention to the danger of dirt．
D．To present the change of views on dirt．
2．Today's children are the"result"of the modern society．Our parents have jobs that keep them busy almost all day long．They only have a free day in a week．This doesn't allow them to keep an eye on their children．
On the other hand，the modern society gives more freedom to the children than they could"handle"．As a child，you don't know how to grow up by yourself until you reach a certain age．That is why you need school and parents to be by your side all the time．If you don't have either of them you may make a lot of mistakes．The social system of the modern society is verylenientespecially with the children．
Most of the children today are rebels （判逆者）．They are rude．They are given too much freedom by their families．This is their parent's mistake．They ought to know that the freedom they give to their children is misunderstood．
For example it is a bad thing for a 17-year-old child to go out in the evening on weekends．Parents are also guilty of the way their children show up in the street or at school．The same guilt belongs to the teaching system as well．Pupils shouldn't be allowed to dress like they were on a fashion presentation at school．
Another important fact we can think of regarding the freedom of children is their free will of spending money．Parents shouldn't allow their children to spend money on whatever they want．
I think children are given too much freedom not only by their parents，but also by the society．The latter is more to be blamed!

64．The writer implies that parents'busy lifestyleD．
A．makes their children become independent
B．may lead to a tense parent-child relationship
C．is harmful to their children's health
D．is likely to create a troubled generation
65．What does the underlined word"lenient"（in Para 2）mean？B
A．Not responsible    B．Not strict．C．Unkind．D．Unfair．
66．It seems that the writer agrees that studentsC．
A．should stay at home on weekends     
B．can wear trendy clothes at school
C．had better wear school uniform at school                
D．can be allowed to go out in the evenings
67．According to the writer，which of the following takes the primary responsibility for children's problems？A
A．The social environment
B．The educational system．
C．Each family
D．The school．
9．Many of us enjoy doing it：you turn on the camera on your mobile phone and hold it at a high angle，making your eyes look bigger and your cheekbones more defined．You turn to your best side and click．There it is-your selfie．
Over the past year，"selfie"has become a well-known term across the globe．This August the Oxford dictionary added the word to their online dictionary and defined it as："A photograph that one has taken of oneself，typically with a smartphone or webcam and up-loaded to a social media website．"
Today it's not difficult to find social networking pages full of photos people have taken of themselves and their friends．And selfie culture has become especially relevant for young people．As many as 91 percent of teenagers have posted photos of themselves online，according to a recent survey by the US Pew Research Center．
So what are the reasons for the rise of selfie culture？
"The cult （狂热） of the selfie celebrates regular people，"Pamela Rutledge，a professor at the Massachusetts School of Professional Psychology，told Vogue magazine．"There are many more photographs available now of real people than models．"
Posting selfies also allows you to control your image online．"I like having the power to choose how I look，even if I'm making a funny face，"Samantha Barks，19，a high school student in the US，told Vogue．
In addition to self-expression and documentation，selfies"allow of a close friendship for long-distance friends，because you can see each other's faces every day"，wrote Casey Miller at The Huffmgton Post．
But US psychologist Jill Weber is concerned that selfies might lead to social problems，"There's a danger that your self-esteem may start to be tied to the comments and‘likes'you get when you post a selfie，and they aren't based on who you are-they're based on what you look like，"Weber told Vogue．"When you get nothing or a negative response，your confidence canplummet．"
63．With the first paragraph，the author intends toB．
A．tell us the fun of taking a selfie
B．describe what a selfie is
C．introduce where the selfie came from
D．inform readers that the selfie is popular among teenagers
64．Why is selfie culture so popular according to the article？A
a．It enables people to choose how they look．
b．It helps people improve their self-esteem．
c．It's a chance for ordinary people to show off themselves．
d．It is believed to be a helpful way to develop a new friendship．
e．It is considered a good way to stay connected with friends that are far away．
A．a，c，e          B．b，c，d     C．a，b，c          D．b，d，e
65．What is Jill Weber's attitude toward selfies？C
A．She thinks they are a good form of self-expression and documentation．
B．She believes the disadvantages of selfies outweigh the advantages．
C．She is worried that people's self-esteem might be affected by how others react to their selfies．
D．She thinks that selfies can help people learn about their friends based on who they really are．
66．The underlined word"plummet"in the last paragraph probably meansD．
A．rapidly develop                
B．greatly exaggerate    
C．become dangerous                
D．quickly fall．
19．While income worry is a rather common problem of the aged，loneliness is another problem that aged parents may face．Of all the reasons that explain their loneliness，a large geographical distance between parents and their children is the major one．This phenomenon is commonly known as"Empty Nest syndrome"．
In order to find better chances outside their countries，many young people have gone abroad，leaving their parents behind with no clear idea of when they will return home．Their parents spend countless lonely days and nights，taking care of themselves，in the hope that someday their children will come back to stay with them．The fact that most of these young people have gone to Europeanized or Americanized societies makes it unlikely that they will hold as tightly to the value of duty as they would have if they had not left their countries．Whatever the case，it has been noted that the values they hold do not necessarily match what the actually do．This geographical and cultural distance also prevents the grown-up children from providing response in time for their aged parents living by themselves．
The situation in which grown-up children live far away from their aged parents has been described as"distant parent phenomenon"，which is common both in developed countries and in developing countries．Our society has not yet been well prepared for"Empty Nest Syndrome"．
66．According to the passage，the loneliness of aged parents is mainly caused byD．
A．their earlier experience of living alone
B．the poor living conditions in their native countries
C．the common worry that they have not saved much money
D．the distance between where parents live and where their children live
67．Many young people have gone abroad，leaving their aged parents behind，toA．
A．realize their dreams in foreign countries  
B．seek a better place for their aged parents
C．live in the countries with more money    
D．continue their studies abroad
68．If young people go abroad，C．
A．they do not hold to the value of duty at all
B．they can give some help to their parents back home
C．they cannot do what they should for their parents
D．they believe what they actually do is right
69．From the last paragraph，we can infer thatB．
A．the situations in the developed and developing countries are different
B．"Empty Nest Syndrome"has arrived unexpectedly in our society
C．children will become independent as soon as they go abroad
D．the aged parents are not fully prepared for"Empty Nest Syndrome"
70．The society discussed in the passage is most probablyC．
A．France         B．America          C．China          D．Britain．
6．Women make better drivers than men for many reasons．Why is that，do you suppose？Wouldn't you think that competing at who has better driving abilities is pointless？If you ask me，I'd like to say，men know that women are better drivers but do not have the courage to admit the truth-women are queens of the road．
Unlike men，women stop for directions when they have no idea as to where they are going．We don't drive around for hours pointlessly wasting a tank of gas only to find ourselves heading in the wrong direction．Have you ever be in a car with a man who is lost？He tells you to shut up when you begin to open your mouth．And every five minutes or so he takes a turn going forty-five miles per hour only to find out he's made another wrong turn．
Speeding is what men do best on the road．Traffic is not a race．There is a reason why men get more speeding tickets than women．Not because we trick to get out of tickets but only because we don't get pulled over as frequently．We don't speed．We have more intelligence than senselessly to put our own lives as well as the lives of others in danger．
My largest issue with male drivers is how a majority of them drive with one hand on the wheel and the other hand doing only God knows what．The seat is backed as far as possible，and they're totally lost into loud music beyond a necessary level．You don't ever see women driving like that．
I feel that the above evidence more than proves my points that women are not only better drivers but also safer drivers than men．We women rule the road．Oh，and men，if you want to continue criticizing （批评） women for being bad drivers，bring it on．We know you lack confidence，or else you wouldn't be wasting your valuable time making jokes about the ones you may choose to spend the rest of your days with．
66．If a woman driver feels lost，she willD．
A．tell the man next to her to shut up         
B．drive aimlessly for hours without stopping
C．take the wrong turns at a high speed        
D．stop the car and ask people for help
67．In Paragraph 3，the writer tries to tell us thatA．
A．women drivers have more responsibility for lives
B．women drivers often play tricks on the police in charge
C．men drivers are more confident and skillful in driving
D．men drivers usually have to be pulled over to the roadsides
68．According to the passage，what does the writer worry most about men drivers？C
A．not stopping for directions             
B．making jokes about women
C．not paying full attention                   
D．getting more speeding tickets
69．Which of the following shows the structure of the passage？C

70．What's the main topic of the passage？C
A．Why are women good at driving？
B．Why do men have better driving abilities？
C．Why are women better drivers than men？
D．Why should women be respected？
3．Americans use many expressions with the word"dog"．People in the United States love their dogs and treat them well．They take their dogs for walks，let them play outside and give them good food and medical care．However，dogs without owners to care for lead a different kind of life．The expression"to lead a dog's life"describes a person who has an unhappy life．
    Some people say we live in a dog-eat-dog world．That means many people are competing for the same things，like good jobs．They say that to be successful，a person has to work like a dog．This means they have to work very，very hard．Such hard work can make people dog-tired．And，the situation would be even worse if they became sick as a dog．
    Still，people say every dog has its day．This means that every person enjoys a successful period during his or her life．To be successful，people often have to learn new skills．Yet，some people say that you can never teach an old dog new tricks．They believe that older people do not like to learn new things and will not change the way they do things．
    People who are unkind or uncaring can be described as meaner than a junkyard dog．Junkyard dogs live in places where people throw away things they do not want．Mean dogs are often used to guard this property．They bark or attack people who try to enter the property．However，sometimes a person who appears to be mean and threatening is really not so bad．We say his bark is worse than his bite．
    Doghouse provide shelter but they can be cold and lonely in the winter．Husbands and wives use this doghouse when they are angry at each other．For example，a woman might get angry at her husband for coming home late or forgetting their wedding anniversary．She might tell him that he is in the doghouse and treats him badly．However，the husband may decide that it is best to leave things alone and not create more problems．He might decide to let sleeping dogs lie．
    Dog expressions are also used to describe the weather．The dog days of summer are the hottest days of the year．A rainstorm may cool the weather．But we do not want it to rain too hard．We do not want it to rain cats and dogs．
66．The underlined expression"work like a dog"in Paragraph 2 meansD
A．become successful              
B．have an unhappy life
C．compete for the same things      
D．work very，very hard
67．If a man comes home late，his wife might say angrily，"D．"
A．it will rain cats and dogs         
B．every dog has its day
C．you lead a dog's life              
D．you are in the doghouse
68．"Leave things untouched"has the same meaning as"C"．
A．lead a dog's life               
B．teach an old dog new tricks
C．let sleeping dogs lie                
D．make people dog-tired
69．It has been really hot these days，asB
A．it rains cats and dogs              
B．we are having the dog days of summer
C．we're leading a dog's life         
D．we're in the dog's house
70．What does the text mainly talk about？B
A．Expressions in American culture
B．Some expressions with the word dog
C．A  good way to learn English well   
D．Dog's influence on American culture．
4．Speaking at a forum on student achievement last night，Professor Stephen Dinham，Chair of Teacher Education at the University of Melbourne's Graduate School of Education，said attempts to improve student self-esteem（自尊） in unreal ways，such as avoiding criticism and handing out unearned praise，are failing some of our most vulnerable （脆弱的） students．
"We know self-esteem does influence student achievement but，unfortunately，some schools attempt to do this in unreal ways，such as avoiding negative criticism and providing only‘positive reinforcement'．If we over-inflate（过分吹捧） student self-esteem in this manner，they will struggle when they get out into the wide world，"he told the audience at last night's University of Melbourne alumni event．
Professor Dinham pointed out schools focusing too much on"welfare"，particularly in low socioeconomic areas，create a low expectations model that leads students to low achievement．However，schools focusing too much on the"academic"at the expense of the personal are getting it wrong，too．
"The‘welfare'and the‘academic'approaches are both wrong．What research shows is that the best teachers and schools，including those in disadvantaged areas，have a balanced focus on every student as a learner and a person．We can actually build up student self-esteem by ensuring every student feels they are achieving success and making progress．We do this by providing meaningful feedback（反馈）-which includes constructive criticism．"
According to Professor Dinham，a fundamental mistake was made in the 1960s when，in line with wider social changes，schools rightly became more responsive to students as individuals．Mistakenly，being responsive to students was interpreted as also being less demanding and many schools therefore became more permissive．
The best teaching style is one where high responsiveness to individual student needs is combined with demands for students to achieve their best academically and conform to （符合，使…一致） acceptable standards of behavior．Real achievement is the best way to boost self-esteem，which can then lead to further success，he said．

67．We improve a student self-esteem in unreal ways if weC．
A．give him praise now and then
B．don't provide meaningful feedback
C．don't give them the necessary criticism
D．focus too much on his academic performance
68．If we avoid negative criticism and provide only"positive reinforcement"，a student willB．
A．fail the school                   
B．have problems in the real world
C．become more confident in himself 
D．make good progress in academics
69．What Kind of mistake was made in the 1960s？B
A．The school was too strict with the students
B．The school became less demanding of the students
C．The students were given too much permissive remarks
D．The students were too much influenced by social changes
70．Which of the following is the best way to improve students'self-esteem？D
A．Responding to individual student needs
B．Making students acquire right behaviors
C．Giving them encouragement and praise
D．Having them make real achieveement．

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