题目内容

4.Speaking at a forum on student achievement last night,Professor Stephen Dinham,Chair of Teacher Education at the University of Melbourne's Graduate School of Education,said attempts to improve student self-esteem(自尊) in unreal ways,such as avoiding criticism and handing out unearned praise,are failing some of our most vulnerable (脆弱的) students.
"We know self-esteem does influence student achievement but,unfortunately,some schools attempt to do this in unreal ways,such as avoiding negative criticism and providing only‘positive reinforcement'.If we over-inflate(过分吹捧) student self-esteem in this manner,they will struggle when they get out into the wide world,"he told the audience at last night's University of Melbourne alumni event.
Professor Dinham pointed out schools focusing too much on"welfare",particularly in low socioeconomic areas,create a low expectations model that leads students to low achievement.However,schools focusing too much on the"academic"at the expense of the personal are getting it wrong,too.
"The‘welfare'and the‘academic'approaches are both wrong.What research shows is that the best teachers and schools,including those in disadvantaged areas,have a balanced focus on every student as a learner and a person.We can actually build up student self-esteem by ensuring every student feels they are achieving success and making progress.We do this by providing meaningful feedback(反馈)-which includes constructive criticism."
According to Professor Dinham,a fundamental mistake was made in the 1960s when,in line with wider social changes,schools rightly became more responsive to students as individuals.Mistakenly,being responsive to students was interpreted as also being less demanding and many schools therefore became more permissive.
The best teaching style is one where high responsiveness to individual student needs is combined with demands for students to achieve their best academically and conform to (符合,使…一致) acceptable standards of behavior.Real achievement is the best way to boost self-esteem,which can then lead to further success,he said.

67.We improve a student self-esteem in unreal ways if weC.
A.give him praise now and then
B.don't provide meaningful feedback
C.don't give them the necessary criticism
D.focus too much on his academic performance
68.If we avoid negative criticism and provide only"positive reinforcement",a student willB.
A.fail the school                   
B.have problems in the real world
C.become more confident in himself 
D.make good progress in academics
69.What Kind of mistake was made in the 1960s?B
A.The school was too strict with the students
B.The school became less demanding of the students
C.The students were given too much permissive remarks
D.The students were too much influenced by social changes
70.Which of the following is the best way to improve students'self-esteem?D
A.Responding to individual student needs
B.Making students acquire right behaviors
C.Giving them encouragement and praise
D.Having them make real achieveement.

分析 本文属于说明文阅读,作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了学校试图提高学生的自尊(自尊)在虚幻的方式是不对的,这只会造成更多社会问题,真正的成就是提高自尊的最好方式.

解答 67.C.细节理解题.根据第一段:said attempts to improve student self-esteem(自尊) in unreal ways,such as avoiding criticism and handing out unearned praise可知试图提高学生的自尊(自尊)在虚幻的方式,如避免批评和分发不应得的赞扬;故选C.
68.B.细节理解题.根据第二段:If we over-inflate(过分吹捧) student self-esteem in this manner,they will struggle when they get out into the wide world可知如果我们避免负面批评,只提供"积极的强化",学生就会有更多社会问题;故选B.
69.B.细节理解题.根据倒数第二段:in line with wider social changes,schools rightly became more responsive to students as individuals可知20世纪60年代学校对学生要求不高了;故选B.
70.D.细节理解题.根据最后一段:Real achievement is the best way to boost self-esteem,which can then lead to further success,he said可知真正的成就是提高自尊的最好方式;故选D.

点评 考察学生的细节理解和推理判断能力,做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句,和题干进行比较,再做出正确的选择.在做推理判断题不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实,要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断.

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But if your goal is to come to the United States to study,then it is time to make a list of colleges or universities that interest you.Be sure to choose more than one.Directors of foreign student admissions say students should apply to at least three schools.
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Completing a college application can take some time.But answering all the questions is not enough.Another important step is taking admissions tests.The SAT is the college entry test that American high school students most commonly take.Another one is the ACT.
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55.What purpose do Paragraphs 1 and 2 serve in the passage?D
A.To provide background information of the topic.
B.To attract readers'attention to the topic.
C.To offer basic advice on the topic.
D.To remind the readers of the last few parts mentioned of the topic.
56.The underlined part"Ohio State"refers toCin the fourth passage.
A.one of the states in America        
B.another name for"Columbus,Ohio"
C.a university in America             
D.the name of a web site
57.Besides a college application,you are required to takeBtest(s) if you're not an American.
A.only one         B.two          C.three        D.no
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A.A list of colleges or universities that interest you.
B.The rules for entering in the United States and programs to be completed online.
C.How to connect American educational advising center.
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A.Lee Middleton                     
B.Tiny Miracles
C.Cabbage Patch Kids               
D.Madame Alexander
62.If you want to buy a doll from the Ashton Drake Galleries collection,you shouldD
A.order it from the stores             
B.buy it from a website
C.buy it in the stores                    
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63.Which of the following is an advantage for companies that sell dolls online?D
A.The companies need to make their own websites.
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C.The online companies have to advertise their goods.
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64.What can we infer from the passage?C
A.Mothers like to buy expensive dolls for their daughters.
B.Kathleen Toddler is the most expensive doll in the world.
C.The policy of adopting a doll was popular in the 1980s.
D.Dolls make people feel that they are children.
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A.introduce ways to make baby dolls
B.introduce different kinds of baby dolls
C.tell us how to choose a beautiful baby doll
D.show different baby doll websites.
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A.has dealt with shyness very successfully
B.has done away with his shyness carefully
C.is described as a hero in some legend books
D.failed to become a good talk show host
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A.proud all the time
B.close to Jane Fonda
C.impolite when young
D.shy in her early years
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A.we are not open enough
B.we don't feel secure at heart
C.we try to reach out to others all the time
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B.Websites to check out
C.Join a forum you are interested in
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E.Online dos and don'ts
F.Online information
 
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A.it is an interesting experience              
B.it is fun to travel around the world
C.it is an opportunity to develop your career      
D.all your friends are doing so
59.A school ranking list tells youC.
A.how much the courses cost                
B.the names of all the professors
C.how good the school is compared to others    
D.where the school is located
60.What are the three basic steps when you apply?B
A.Buy an airplane ticket,read the instructions and requirements,and study.
B.Prepare reference letters,prepare school records,and fill in the application form.
C.Prepare school records,do paperwork,and work hard.
D.Write a reference letter,do paperwork,and study.
61.The underlined phrase"get kicked out in the first round"in Paragraph 3 meansA.
A.fail to get to the next round                
B.lose money in the first round
C.get accepted  in the next round              
D.get kicked by a professor.
16."Tear'em apart!""Kill the fool!Murder the referee(裁判)!"
These are common remarks one may hear at various sporting events.At the time they are made,they may seem innocent(无辜的) enough.But let's not kid ourselves.They have been known to influence behavior in such a way as to lead to real bloodshed(流血).Volumes have been written about the way words affect us.It has been shown that words having certain connotation(涵义)may cause us to react in ways quite foreign to what we consider to be our usual humanistic behavior.I see the term"opponent"as one of those words.Perhaps the time has come to delete(删除) it from sports terrors.(恐怖)
The dictionary meaning of the term"opponent"is"adversary";"enemy";"one who opposes your interests."Thus,when a player meets an opponent,he or she may tend to treat that opponent as an enemy.At such times,winning may dominate (支配)one's intellect(智力),and every action,no matter how gross (rude),may be considered justifiable(无可非议的).I recall an incident in a handball game when a referee refused a player's request for a time out for a glove change because he did not consider them wet enough.The player proceeded to rub his gloves across his wet T-shirt and then exclaimed,"Are they wet enough now?"
In the heat of battle players have been observed to throw themselves across the court without considering the consequences that such a move might have on anyone in their way.I have also witnessed a player reacting to his opponent's international and illegal blocking by deliberately hitting him with the ball as hard as he could during the course of play.Off the court,they are good friends.Does that make any sense?It certainly,gives proof of a court attitude which departs(背离) from (goes against) normal behavior.
Therefore,I believe it is time we elevated(提升)the game to the level where it belongs thereby (因而)setting an example to the rest of the sporting world.Replacing the term"opponent"with"associate"could be an ideal way to start.
The dictionary meaning of the term"associate"is"colleague","friend","companion".Reflect a moment!You may soon see and possibly feel the difference in your reaction to the term"associate"rather than"opponent".

56.Which of the following statements best expresses the author's view?B
A.Aggressive behavior in sports can have serious consequences.
B.The words people use can influence their behavior.
C.Unpleasant words in Sports are often used by foreign athletes.
D.Unfair judgments by referees will lead to violence on the sports field.
57.Harsh words are spoken during games because the playersD.
A.are too eager to win
B.are usually short-tempered and easily offended
C.cannot afford to be polite in fierce competition
D.treat their rivals as enemies
58.What did the handball player,do when he was not allowed a time out to change his gloves?D
A.He refused to continue the game.
B.He angrily hit the referee with a ball.
C.He claimed that the referee was unfair.
D.He wet his gloves by rubbing them across his T-shirt.
59.The author hopes to have the current situation in sports improved byC.
A.calling on players to use clean language on the court
B.raising the referee's sense of responsibility
C.changing the attitude of players on the sports field
D.regulating the relationship between players and referees.
13.The iPhone,the iPad:each of Apple's products sounds cool and has become a fad(一时的风尚).Apple has cleverly taken advantage of the power of the letter"i"---and many other brands are following suit.The BBC's iPlayer---which allows Web users to watch TV programs on the Internet---used the title in 2008.A lovely bear---popular in the US and UK---that plays music and video is called"iTeddy".A slimmed-down version(简装本) of London's Independent newspaper was started last week under the name"i".
In general,single-letter prefixes(前缀) have been popular since the 1990s,when terms such as e-mail and e-commerce(电子商务) first came into use.
Most"i"products are targeted at (针对)young people and considering the major readers of Independent's"i",it's no surprise that they've selected this fashionable name.
But it's hard to see what's so special about the letter"i".Why not use"a","b",or"c"instead?According to Tony Thorne,head of the Language Center at King's College,London,"i"works because its meaning has become ambiguous.When Apple uses"i",no one knows whether it means Internet,information,individual or interactive,Thorne told BBC Magazines."Even when Apple created the iPod,it seems it didn't have one clear definition(定义),"he says.
"However,thanks to Apple,the term is now connected with portability (轻便)."adds Thorne.
Clearly the letter"i"also agrees with the idea that the Western World is centered on the individual.Each person believes they have their own needs,and we love personalized products for this reason.
Along with"Google"and"blog",readers of BBC Magazines voted"i"as one of the top 20 words that have come to define the last decade(十年).
But as history shows,people grow tired of fads.From the 1900s to 1990s,products with"2000"in their names became fashionable as the year was connected with all things advanced and modern.However,as we entered the new century,the fashion disappeared.
 
71.People use iPlayer toC.
A.listen to music                        B.make a call
C.watch TV programs online               D.read newspapers
72.We can infer that the Independent's"i"is designed forA.
A.young readers                          
B.old readers     
C.fashionable women                 
D.engineers
73.The underlined word"ambiguous"means"B".
A.popular            B.uncertain            C.clear            D.unique
74.Nowadays,the"i"term often reminds people of the products which areA.
A.portable    B.environmentally friendly    C.advanced    D.recyclable
75.The writer suggests thatD.
A."i"products are often of high quality      
B.iTeddy is alive bear
C.the letter"b"replaces letter"i"to name the products
D.the popularity of"i"products may not last long.

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