Drinking eight cups or two litres of water a day is longstanding advice. But is there any scientific basis for it, asks Dr Chris van Tulleken.You know those ads that remind us that even a small drop i 题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

Some people make you feel comfortable when they are around. You spend an hour with them and feel as if you have known them half your life. These people have something in common. And once we know what it is, we can try to do it ourselves.
How is it done? Here are several skills that good talkers have. If you follow the skills, they’ll help you put people at their ease, and make friends with them quickly.
First of all, good talkers ask questions. Almost anyone, no matter how shy he is, will answer a question. One well-known businesswoman says, “At business lunches, I always ask people what they did that morning. It’s a common question, but it will get things going.” From there you can move on to other matters—sometimes to really personal questions. And how he answers will let you know how far you can go.
Second, once good talkers have asked questions, they listen to the answers. This point seems clear, but it isn’t. Your questions should have a point and help to tell what sort of person you are talking to. And to find out, you really have to listen carefully and attentively.
Real listening at least means some things. First it means not to change the subject of conversation. If someone sticks to one topic, you can take it as a fact that he’s really interested in it. Real listening also means not just listening to words, but to tones of voice. If the voice sounds dull, then, it’s time for you to change the subject.
Finally, good talkers know well how to deal with the occasion of parting. If you’re saying good-bye, you may give him a firm handshake and say, “I’ve really enjoyed meeting you.” If you want to see that person again, don’t keep it a secret. Let people know what you feel, and they may walk away feeling as if they’ve known you half their life.
小题1:Asking questions might be a quite good and suitable way _______.

As the pace of life continues to increase, we are fast losing the art of relaxation. Once you are in the habit of rushing through life, being on the go from morning till night, it is hard to slow down. But relaxation is essential for a healthy mind and body.
Stress is a natural part of everyday life and there is no way to avoid it. In fact, it is not the bad thing it is often supposed to be. A certain amount of stress is vital to provide motivation and give purpose to life. It is only when the stress gets out of control that it can lead to poor performance and ill health.
The amount of stress a person can withstand depends very much on the individual. Some people are not afraid of stress, and such characters are obviously prime material for managerial responsibilities, others lose heart at the first sign of unusual difficulties. When exposed to stress, in whatever form, we react both chemically and physically. In fact we make choice between "flight or fight" and in more primitive days the choices made the difference between life or death. The crises we meet today are unlikely to be so extreme, but however little the stress, it involves the same response. It is when such a reaction lasts long, through continued exposure to stress, that health becomes endangered. Since we can't remove stress from our lives (it would be unwise to do so even if we could), we need to find ways to deal with it.
46. People are finding less and less time for relaxing themselves because _____.
A. they regard working as their greatest enjoyment
B. they believe that work is superior to relaxation
C. they are traveling fast all the time
D. they are becoming busier with their work than ever before
47. According to the author, the most important character for a good manager is his _____.
A. strong will to hold out stress
B. knowing the art of relaxation
C. high sense of responsibility
D. having control over performance
48. Which of the following statements is TRUE, according to the passage?
A. We can find quite a few ways to avoid stress.
B. Stress is always harmful to people's health
C. It's easy to change the habit of keeping oneself busy with work.
D. Different people can bear different amount of stress.
49. In the last sentence of the passage, "do so" refers to _____.
A. "expose ourselves to stress"
B. "find ways to deal with stress"
C. "remove stress from our lives"
D. "establish links between diseases and stress"
50. According to the author, the right attitude toward stress is _____.
A. to avoid it B. to try to cope with it
C. to regard it as a vital motivation D. to find some relaxation

Comera is the only place in the world which has a whistle(口哨)language. We do not know how and why it began because we do not know the complete history of the island. But we can certainly imagine the reasons for the beginning of the whistle language. There are many deep valleys on the island. A person on one side of valley cannot easily shout to a person on the other side. But he can whistle and be heard from four miles away, and the record is seven miles. The people who live on the island usually have good teeth, and this helps them to whistle well. They must also have good ears so that they can hear other whistlers.
We can understand why the whistle language continues. It is very useful on the island, and quite easy to learn. When somebody is hurt or ill, the whistle language takes the place of the telephone. If the sick person is a long way from the town, boys and men pass the news from one to another. A boy guarding cattle on a hillside whistles to a man fishing from his boat. The last one is able to describe the trouble fully and exactly to the doctor in town. People help each other in the same way when a car breaks or a cow is lost.
The whistle language is hundreds of years old, and probably it will continue to live for hundreds of years more. Radio and TV often kill the special ways of speaking in the different parts of a country. But on Comera island you are nobody if you cannot whistle. Perhaps soon after TV arrives on the island, the people there will be whistling the news and other facts and opinions.
小题1:If a person on Comera island is ill, 　　　.

A．others will phone the doctor in town

B．the whistle language will pass the news to the doctor

C．his family will take him to the doctor

D．people will take him to the hospital

小题2: From the passage we know radio and TV　　　at that time.

A．killed the special ways of speaking

B．whistled all the news and opinions

C．helped Comera people to communicate

D．did not appear on Comera island yet

小题3: Comera island is special in that　　　.

A．it attracts visitors every year

B．no visitors have ever been there

C．people there have special ears to hear whistles

D．people there use the whistle language to communicate with each other

小题4: Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

A．It is not easy for a person to live on Comera island if he cannot whistle.

B．The whistle language can only be found on Comera island.

C．The whistle language has been used for hundreds of years on the island, but will not be used any longer.

D．The record shows that one best whistler can be heard by others seven miles away.

Last summer, when Amanda R of Anaheim Hills, California, was running on a cross-country course with her team, she blacked out. “I got really dizzy,” she says. “I was out for a few minutes.” At first, Amanda thought she was just tired and didn’t think she had a health problem. She did go to the emergency room, where she was fine after tests, but she fainted (昏厥) again several days later as she was talking with her coach. Another doctor guessed that Amanda had blacked out “because we were in heat so much with not enough water and not enough of the right kind of foods”.
Teens often don’t want to stop and take a break or don’t notice when they start to feel bad, doctors say. However, paying attention if you’re not feeling well is important, as Amanda learned.
As a result, Amanda has changed her habits. “I drink a lot more water,” she says. “And put more salt in my diet. I’m eating more balanced meals.” Amanda advises teen athletes to trust their coaches and speak up when they’re not feeling well. “And recognize the difference between when you’re tired and when there’s something really wrong.”
Some people － up to 3 percent of the population － sweat too much, even in cold weather. The condition, called hyperhidrosis (多汗), can affect many parts and it often runs in families － hands down from generation to generation. Too much sweating over the whole body could be a symptom of another medical condition. Doctors aren’t sure what causes hyperhidrosis, but using special medications or other treatments can help.
小题1:What caused the happening mentioned in the passage during Amanda’s running?

A．She couldn’t breathe in enough air in the race.

B．She didn’t eat anything before the race.

C．She had been running all summer without a rest.

D．She neither drank enough water nor ate enough of the right kind of foods.

小题2:What can we infer from Paragraph 4?

A．There is no need to worry when sweating too much, even in cold weather.

B．Hyperhidrosis may have a bad effect on your health.

C．Doctors have discovered why people get hyperhidrosis.

D．Hyperhidrosis is a serious disease and no treatment can help.

小题3:The purpose of writing this passage is to____________.

A．tell teens the proper ways to take exercise in summer.

B．tell teens not to run in hot summer.

C．tell teens to pay attention to hyperhidrosis in the summer exercise

D．tell teens how to keep healthy.

When you think of the tremendous technological progress we have made, it’s amazing how little we have developed in other respects. We may speak contemptuously of the poor old Romans because they relished the orgies of slaughter that went on in their arenas. We may despise them because they mistook these goings on for entertainment. We may forgive them condescendingly because they lived 2000 years ago and obviously knew no better. But are our feelings of superiority really justified? Are we any less blood-thirsty? Why do boxing matches, for instance, attract such universal interest? Don’t the spectators who attend them hope they will see some violence? Human beings remains as bloodthirsty as ever they were. The only difference between ourselves and the Romans is that while they were honest enough to admit that they enjoyed watching hungey lions tearing people apart and eating them alive, we find all sorts of sophisticated arguments to defend sports which should have been banned long age; sports which are quite as barbarous as, say, public hangings or bearbaiting.
It really is incredible that in this day and age we should still allow hunting or bull-fighting, that we should be prepared to sit back and watch two men batter each other to pulp in a boxing ring, that we should be relatively unmoved by the sight of one or a number of racing cars crashing and bursting into flames. Let us not deceive ourselves. Any talk of ‘the sporting spirit’ is sheer hypocrisy. People take part in violent sports because of the high rewards they bring. Spectators are willing to pay vast sums of money to see violence. A world heavyweight championship match, for instance, is front page news. Millions of people are disappointed if a big fight is over in two rounds instead of fifteen. They feel disappointment because they have been deprived of the exquisite pleasure of witnessing prolonged torture and violence.
Why should we ban violent sports if people enjoy them so much? You may well ask. The answer is simple: they are uncivilized. For centuries man has been trying to improve himself spiritually and emotionally – admittedly with little success. But at least we no longer tolerate the sight madmen cooped up in cages, or public floggings of any of the countless other barbaric practices which were common in the past. Prisons are no longer the grim forbidding places they used to be. Social welfare systems are in operation in many parts of the world. Big efforts are being made to distribute wealth fairly. These changes have come about not because human beings have suddenly and unaccountably improved, but because positive steps were taken to change the law. The law is the biggest instrument of social change that we have and it may exert great civilizing influence. If we banned dangerous and violent sports, we would be moving one step further to improving mankind. We would recognize that violence is degrading and unworthy of human beings.
小题1:It can be inferred from the passage that the author’s opinion of nowadays’ human beings is

A．not very high.	B．high.
C．contemptuous.	D．critical.

小题2:The main idea of this passage is

A．vicious and dangerous sports should be banned by law.

B．people are willing to pay vast sums money to see violence.

C．to compare two different attitudes towards dangerous sports.

D．people are bloodthirsty in sports.

小题3:That the author mentions the old Romans is

A．To compare the old Romans with today’s people.

B．to give an example.

C．to show human beings in the past know nothing better.

D．to indicate human beings are used to bloodthirsty.

小题4:.How many dangerous sports does the author mention in this passage?

A．Three.	B．Five.
C．Six.	D．Seven.

小题5:The purpose of the author in writing this passage is

A．that, by banning the violent sports, we human beings can improve our selves.

B．that, by banning the dangerous sports, we can improve the law.

C．that we must take positive steps to improve social welfare system.

D．to show law is the main instrument of social change.

Vocabulary
relish           从……获得乐处，享受
orgy       狂欢，放纵
arena       竞技场，活动或斗争的场所
blood-thirsty     残忍的，嗜血的
bear-baiting     逗熊游戏
bull-fight    斗牛
batter       猛击，连续地猛打/捶，乱打
pulp          成纸浆，成软块
burst into flames    突然燃烧起来/着火
grim       令人窒息的，简陋的
coop up       把……关起来
难句译注
bear-baiting 逗熊游戏。这是一种十六、十七世纪流行于英国的游戏――驱狗去咬绑着的熊，很残忍，后被禁止。
…two men batter each other to pulp in the boxing ring.
【结构简析】batter one to pulp =" beat" one to a pulp 狠揍某人，打瘫某人
【参考译文】两个人在拳击场内彼此狠揍，知道一个人被打倒在地，爬不起来。
…unmoved by the sight of one or a number of racing cars crashing and bursting into flames.
【参考译文】眼见一辆或多辆赛车相互撞击，突然烧起来而无动于衷。
A world heavy weight championship match is front page news.
【参考译文】世界重量级冠军赛总是头版头条新闻。
写作方法与文章大意
作者采取先对比、后分析的写作手法。先是今人和古罗马人对暴虐体育上对此两者都欣赏。后者坦率成人“欣赏暴力体育”，前者施以各种接口、实际都是嗜血成性者。第二段进一步剖析今人欣赏暴虐体育的种种实例，最后指出改善“暴虐”的根本嗜为改善法律采取积极的步骤，法律才能施以巨大的文明影响，否则人类很难改变。

Now Hear This
What do former American president Bill Clinton and rock musician Pete Townshend have in common.'? Both men have hearing damage from exposure to loud music, and both now wear hearing aids as a consequence. As a teenager, Clinton played saxophone in a band. Townshend, who has the more severe hearing loss, was a guitarist for a band called the Who. He is one of the first rock musicians to call the public's attention to the problem of hearing loss from exposure to loud music.
Temporary hearing loss can happen after only 15 minutes of listening to loud music. One early warning sign is when your ears begin to feel warm while you listen to music at a rock concert or through headphones. One later is that an unusual sound or a ringing is sometimes produced in your head after the concert.
"What happens is that the hair cells in the inner ear are damaged, but they're not dead," says physician and ear specialist Dr. Sam Levine. According to Dr. Levine, if you avoid further exposure to loud noise, it's possible to recondition the cells somewhat. However, he adds, "Eventually, over a long period of time, hair cells are permanently damaged." And this is no small problem.
What sound level is dangerous? According to Dr. Levine, regular exposure to noise above 85 decibels (分贝) is considered dangerous. The chart below offers a comparison of decibel levels to certain sounds. Here's another measurement you can use. If you're at a rock concert and the music is so loud that you have to shout to make yourself heard, you' re at risk for hearing loss. That's when wearing protective devices such as earplugs becomes critical.
The facts are pretty frightening. But are rock bands turning down the volume.'? Most aren't. "Rock music is supposed to be loud," says drummer Andrew Sather. "I wouldn't have it any other way. And neither would the real fans of rock. "
Continued exposure to loud music and the failure to wear earplugs can lead to deafness, according to Dr. Levine. He states, "There's no cure for hearing loss. Your ears are trying to tell you something. That ringing is the scream of your hair cells dying. Each time that happens, more and more damage is done. "

Levels of Common Noises
Normal conversation                           50 — 65 dB
Food blender                                  88 dB
Jet plane flying above a person standing outside      103 dB
Rock band during a concert                      110 — 140 dB

小题1:From Paragraph 1, we can learn that .

A．loud music is a major cause of hearing loss

B．famous people tend to have hearing problems

C．teenagers should stay away from school bands

D．the problem of hearing damage is widely known

小题2:In Paragraph 3, the underlined word "recondition" means .

A．not to be seen	B．to fill with sound
C．to become larger in size	D．to make good again

小题3:The purpose of the chart at the end of the article is to show .

A．a list of harmful sounds

B．the effect of rock concerts

C．the noise levels of familiar sounds

D．relationship between daily activities and hearing loss

小题4:Which of the following statements will Dr. Sam Levine probably agree?

A．When your ears feel warm, your hair cells are dead.

B．Drummer Andrew Sather gives good advice.

C．Many are taking the risk of losing hearing.

D．Doctors know how to cure hearing loss.

The World Health Organization says there has been a sharp increase in the number of over-weight children in developing countries. In African countries, the WHO says the number of over-weight or obese children is twice as high as it was 20 years ago. Around the world, about 43 million children under the age of five were overweight in 2013.
Overweight and obese children are more likely to become overweight and obese adults. The condition can generate serious health problems like heart diseases.
Francesco Branca is the director of the WHO Department of Nutrition for Health and Development. He says urban lifestyle makes people eat processed food more often ,which has a high sugar ,fat and salt content. He also says people are gaining weight because of their lack of activities. They travel in cars or other vehicles more than on foot.
The WHO experts say to lower obesity rates is especially complex in countries that also deal with high rates of infectious(感染性的) diseases.
The WHO has some basic solutions for individuals and countries. The organization says you should lower your intake of fat, sugar, salt and processed food and eat more fruits,' vegetables and increase physical activity. The WHO says these actions are especially important for children.
And WHO expert Branca says mothers should breastfeed their babies for at least the first six months of life, if possible. More importantly, governments should consider providing vitamins for children and educational campaigns about problems linked to obesity would also help. In his view, government policies should deal with how food is marketed to children and food producers must balance quality and taste with the dangers of sugar, fat and salt. "Reducing the number of overweight children will not be easy. The goal is difficult to meet even in wealthy countries. " he adds.
小题1:What is the main idea of Paragraph l?

A．Children in developing countries generally weigh too much.

B．Overweight children in developing countries have increased greatly.

C．The number of overweight children in the world has doubled.

D．The World Health Organization has increased greatly.

小题2:According to Branca , people are becoming overweight because of their changes in _______

A．lifestyles	B．transportation
C．physical condition	D．school educational .

小题3:Which of the following word can best replace the underlined word in Paragraph 2?

小题4:According to WHO, which of the following is true?

A．Poor nutrition is often related to children obesity.

B．To lower infectious disease rates is more complex than to lower obesity rates.

C．Eating less sugar and more vegetables helps lower obesity rates.

D．Increasing physical activity is most effective to lower obesity rates.

小题5:What can we learn from the last Paragraph?

A．Babies breastfed aren't likely to become overweight.

B．Governments should play a necessary role in fighting obesity.

C．Food producers should be stopped from marketing, food to children.

D．The number of overweight children decreases easily in wealthy countries.

Are you still troubled by a disease called overactive bladder(膀胱)? Why not try TOVIAZ, a medicine used to treat adults 18 years older facing such a condition?
You are strongly advised not to take TOVIZ if you have following symptoms:
Your stomach empties slowly.
You are suffering from eye problems.
You’re allergic to any ingredients of TOVIAZ.
Remember the possible side effects of TOVIAZ
Dry mouth.
Constipation(便秘)
Dry eyes.
Trouble empting the bladder
Remember to ask your doctor for a complete list, since these aren’t all possible side effects of TOVIAZ.
More Detailed Instructions to take TOVIAZ:
Your doctor may give you the lower 4mg dose of TOVIAZ if you have severe kidney problem.
Take TOVIAZ with liquid and swallow the tablet whole. Do not chew, divide or crush the tablet.
You can take either TOVIAZ with or without food.
If you miss a dose of TOVIAZ, start taking it again the next day.
Decreased sweating and severe heat illness can occur when TOVIAZ is used in hot environments.
Drinking alcohol while taking TOVIAZ may cause increased sleepiness.
小题1:What is the main purpose of the passage?

A．To present a discovery on a scientific research.

B．To give information about a kind of medicine.

C．To teach patients ways of recovery from illness.

D．To show the importance of taking proper medicine.

小题2:The main function of TOVIAZ is to treat__________.

小题3:What can be inferred from the passage?

A．There are only four possible side effects of TOVIAZ.

B．Don’t take TOVIAZ if you are allergic to its ingredient.

C．It’s unwise for people under 18 years old to use TOVIAZ

D．You may feel excited while eating TOVIAZ with alcohol.

小题4:Which of the statements about taking TOVIAZ is TRUE?

A．It’s OK to take it with food or without food.

B．Chew the tablet well before you swallow it.

C．Use TOVIAZ in hot environment to cure heat illness.

D．If you miss a dose, do take it right away on the same day.

A．doing exercise	B．losing water
C．drinking water	D．having a rest

试题分类