题目内容

6.The question of what children learn,and how they should learn,is continually being debated and redebated.Nobody dares any longer to defend the old system,the learning of lessons parrot-fashion,the grammar-with-a-whip system,which was good enough for our grandparents.The theories of modern psychology have stepped in to argue that we must understand the need of children.Children are not just small adults; they are children who must be respected as much.
Well,you may say,this is as it should be,a good idea.But think further.What happens?"Education"becomes the responsibility not of teachers,but of psychologists.What happens then?Teachers worry too much about the psychological implications of their lessons,and forget about the subjects themselves.If a child dislikes a lesson,the teacher feels that it is his fault,not the child's.So teachers worry whether history is"relevant"to modern young children.And do theydare to recount stories about violence?Or will this make the children themselves violent?Can they tell their classes about children of different races,or will this encourage racial hatred?Why teach children to write grammatical sentences?Spoken expression is better.Sums?Arithmetic?No:Real-life mathematical situations are more understandable.
You see,you can go too far.Influenced by educational theorists,who have nothing better to do   than to write books about their ideas,teachers leave their teacher-training colleges filled with grand,psychological ideas about children and their needs.They make elaborate,sophisticated (精致的,复杂的) preparations and try out their"modern methods"on the long-suffering children.Since one"modem method"rapidly replaces another the poor kids will have well been fed up by the time they leave school.Frequently the modem methods are so sophisticated that they fail to be understood by the teachers,let alone the children; even more often,the relaxed discipline so essential for the"informal"feelings the class must have,prevents all but a handful of children from learning anything.

31.People do not dare defend the old system mainly because under the old systemD.
A.too much grammar was taught to children
B.children were spoiled (宠坏)
C.children were treated as grown-ups
D.children were made to learn passively(被动的)
32.What view do the modem psychologists hold?A
A.Children must be understood and respected.
B.Children are small adults and know what they need.
C.Children are better off without learning lessons.
D.Education of children is the responsibility of psychologists.
33.What happens when teachers pay too much attention to the psychology of their lessons?C
A.They find that the children dislike the lessons.
B.They tend to blame students for their failure.
C.They do not pay enough attention to the actual lessons.
D.They no longer want to teach children history.
34.Grammatical sentences are regarded as unimportant becauseB.
A.it is better to use verbs only
B.words are said out of natural feelings only
C.talkin freely and naturally without sentences is a better form of expression
D.it is felt that formal grammar rules might cause unnatural expressions
35.According to the passage,the modern methods are understood byA.
A.neither teachers nor pupils
B.only a handful of teachers and pupils
C.the more sophisticated teachers
D.everyone who enjoys the relaxed discipline of the informal classes.

分析 本文讲述了新体制下的教育理念.第一段提出新的教育理念;第二段讲述过分重视心理暗示、忽略课文本身带来的问题;第三段讲述复杂化的现代方法带来的弊端.

解答 DACBA
31.D 推断题.由第一段第二句Nobody dares any longer to defend the old system,the learning of lessons parrot-fashion,the grammar-with-a-whip system,which was good enough for our grandparents."鹦鹉学舌般地课文学习、附带鞭子的语法教学"可3知,这种学习孩子非常被动.故选D.
32.A 细节题.由第一段The theories of modern psychology have stepped in to argue that we must understand the need of children.Children are not just small adults; they are children who must be respected as much.可知:我们必须懂得孩子们的需要,还要尊重孩子们.故选A.
33.C 细节题.由第二段Teachers worry too much about the psychological implications of their lessons,and forget about the subjects themselves可知"教师过多担心功课的心理暗示,忽略了功课本身",故选C.
34.B 推断题.由第二段中Why teach children to write grammatical sentences?Verbal expression is better可知为什么要教孩子们写语法句子,口语的表达是更好的,故选B.
35.A 细节题.由最后一段中Frequently the modem methods…fail to be understood by the teachers,let alone the children可知现代的教学方法太复杂以至于不被老师理解,更不用说孩子们了,故选A.

点评 一、速读全文,了解大意知主题.
  阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面.阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力.考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读,搜寻关键词、主题句,捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点,并且理清文章脉络,把握语篇实质.
二、看题干,带着问题读文章.
  首先要掌握问题的类型,客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案;而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等,这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等.其次,了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息,然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读,对有关信息进行快速定位.此法加强了阅读的针对性,提高了做题的准确率.
  三、逻辑推理,做好深层理解题.
  在实际阅读中,有时作者并未把意图说出来,阅读者要根据字面意思,通过语篇逻辑关系,研究细节的暗示,推敲作者的态度,理解文章的寓义.要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理,不能就事论事,以偏概全.推理题在提问中常用的词有:infer,imply,suggest,indicate等.
  四、猜词悟义,扫除阅读拦路虎.
  猜词是应用英语的重要能力.它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文,而且要有较大的泛读量,掌握或认识较多的课外词汇.我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜",通过构词,语法,定义,同位,对比,因果,常识,上下文等线索确定词义.

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15.Judging from recent surveys,most experts in sleep behaviour agree that there is virtually an epidemic of sleepiness in the nation."I can't think of a single study that hasn't found Americans getting less sleep than they ought to,"says Dr David.Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably be better off with more rest.
The beginning of our sleepdeficit crisis can be traced back to the invention of the light bulb a century ago.From diary entries and our personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries,sleep scientists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night."The best sleep habits once were forced on us,when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm,and it was dark."By the 1950s and 1960s,the sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically,to between 7.5 and 8 hours,and most people had to wake to an alarm clock."People cheat in their sleep,and they don't even realize they're doing it,"says Dr David."They think they're okay because they can get by on 6.5 hours,when they really need 7.5,8 or even more to feel ideally energetic."
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24.What is the main topic of the passage?A
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B.The epidemic of sleepiness in the modern times.
C.The history of people's sleeping patterns.
D.The minimum of our sleeping hours.
25.Which of the following is Dr David's opinion?D
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