题目内容


C
Recently the World Health Organization announced that the disease of
smallpox（天花）had almost been wiped out in most parts of the world, thanks to widespread vaccination（种牛痘）. Most people are vaccinated at least once in their lives and if they wish to travel from one country to another they must be able to prove that they have had a recent vaccination. In this way the disease has been prevented from spreading and today one seldom hears of it at all.
This is mainly because of the great discovery made by a village doctor, Edward
Jenner, in about 1798 when he published his report of his new experiment called vaccination (from the word ‘vacca’ meaning a cow). Jenner discovered that people who worked with cattle often suffered from a harmless disease which they caught from the cattle, but these people never seemed to get smallpox. So he experimented by putting the disease into a small opening on the arms of healthy people, and though their arms became painful for a day or two, they soon recovered and none of these people ever got smallpox.
So the news of the wonderful discovery spread to other countries and people
rushed to their doctors to be vaccinated. In many countries the simple way to deal with the arm was done on thousands of people, and the terrible smallpox began to disappear.
71．Vaccination against smallpox has been so successful that _________ .
A．the discoverer made a large amount of money
B．Dr Jenner was given a prize by the World Health Organization
C．smallpox has almost disappeared in most countries
D．smallpox was no longer in existence on earth
72 ．Smallpox has been prevented from spreading through the following measures EXCEPT that ________.
A．most people were vaccinated against the disease at least once
B．people going abroad should promise not to spread the disease
C．people travelling from one country to another must prove they are vaccinated
D．people must be vaccinated shortly before going to foreign countries
73 ．What led Dr Jenner to experiment with vaccination was that ________ .　
A．he wanted to make a great discovery and publish it
B．vaccination could make people's arms safe
C．he tried to cure the farmers of some disease caught from the cattle
D．those who worked with cattle seemed free from getting smallpox
74．The doctor's new discovery was called ‘vaccination’ for the reason that ________ .
A．he discovered smallpox near a farm
B．he experimented with a disease from the cattle
C．he was working with cattle in the countryside
D．people got the disease of smallpox from the cattle
75．The news of the discovery ________.
A．caught people's attention from all corners of the world
B．spread far and near in the western countries
C．made people rush to Dr Jenner for vaccination
D．helped to get rid of the terrible disease of smallpox

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Scientists say they have discovered a promising treatment for sleeping sickness, a killer disease that infects(感染) about 60,000 people in Africa a year．
British and Canadian experts say drugs could attack the parasite（寄生虫） causing the illness．They say the drug could be ready for human medical test in about 18 months．
The disease, spread by the bite of a fly, is caused by a parasite attacking the central nervous system．It has similar symptoms（症状） to malaria（疟疾）, making it difficult to diagnose．Left untreated, it moves to the brain, resulting in mental confusion and final death
The "breakthrough" came at the University of Dundee in Scotland, where scientists were offered money to research diseases ignored by major drugs companies．
Professor Paul Wyatt, director of the programme, said: "This is one of the most significant findings made in recent years in terms of drug discovery and development for ignored diseases."
He said the research, published in the journal Nature, represented "significant progress" in the development of a full blown drug against the disease．
The World Health Organization said there are between 50,000 and 70,000 cases of the disease a year, with a further 60 million people at risk of infection．
The research in Dundee was backed by partners at the University of York in England and the Structural Genomics Consortium in Toronto, Canada．The two drugs currently available to treat sleeping sickness both have problems．One is with side effects that kill one in 20 patients and the other is costly, only partially effective and requires long-time hospital treatment, the scientists said．
小题1:The word backedin the last paragraph probably means_____.
A．conductedB．supportedC．believedD．managed
小题2:What the World Health Organization said suggested that______.
A．about 60000 people died of the disease each year
B．about 60000 people were cured of the disease each year
C．600 million people are likely to get infected
D．the disease is spreading fast in Africa
小题3:We can read this passage______.
A．in the journal Nature
B．in a newspaper of the University of Dundee
C．in a book about flies
D．in a newspaper about medicine
小题4:We can learn from the passage that______．
A．big drug companies play an important role in the research of the new drug
B．people who get infected with the disease are mentally disturbed
C．among 200 people infected with the disease, 5 may die because of the old drug
D．Professor Paul Wyatt may be a professor at the University of York
It is difficult for doctors to help a person with a damaged brain. Without enough blood, the brain lives for only three to five minutes. More often the doctors can’t fix the damage. Sometimes they are afraid to try something to help because it is dangerous to work on the brain. The doctors might make the person worse if he operates on the brain.
Dr. Robert White, a famous professor and doctor, thinks he knows a way to help. He thinks doctors should make the brain very cold. If it is very cold, the brain can live without blood for 30 minutes. This gives the doctor a longer time to do something for the brain.
Dr. White tried his idea on 13 monkeys. First he taught them to do different jobs, then he operated on them. He made the monkeys’ blood back to the monkeys’ brains. When the brain’s temperature was 10℃, Dr. White stopped the blood to the brain. After 30 minutes he turned the blood back on. He warmed the blood again. After their operations the monkeys were like they had been before. They were healthy and busy. Each one could still do the jobs the doctor had taught them.
小题1:.The biggest difficulty in operating on the damaged brain is that ____.
A．the time is too short for doctors
B．the patients are often too nervous
C．the damage is extremely hard to fix
D．the blood-cooling machine might break down
小题2:.The brain operation was made possible mainly by ____.
A．taking the blood out of the brain
B．trying the operation on monkeys first
C．having the blood go through a machine
D．lowering the brain’s temperature
小题3:.With Dr. White’s new idea, the operation on the damaged brain ____.
A．can last as long as 30 minutes
B．can keep the brain’s blood warm
C．can keep the patient’s brain healthy
D．can help monkeys do different jobs
小题4:. What is the right order of the steps in the operations?
a. send the cooled back to the brain      b. stop the blood to the brain
c. have the blood cooled down          d. operate on the brain
A．a, b, c, dB．c, a, b, dC．c, b, d, aD．b, c, d, a

Good health is the most valuable thing a person can have, but one cannot take good health for granted. It is important to remember that the body needs proper care in order to be healthy. There are three things that a person can do to help stay in good shape: eat right food ,get enough sleep, and exercise regularly.
Proper nutrition (营养) is important for good health. Your body cannot work well unless it receives the proper kind of “fuel”(燃料).Don't eat too much food with lots of sugar and fat. Eat plenty of foods high in protein (蛋白质) ,like meat, fish, eggs and nuts. Vegetables and fruits are very important because they provide necessary vitamins (维他命) and minerals. However, don't overeat. It is not helpful to be overweight.
Getting the proper amount of sleep is also important. If you don't get enough sleep, you feel tired and easily get angry. You have no energy. Over a long period of time a little a amount of sleep may even result in a change of personality (人的个性).Be sure to allow yourself from seven to nine hours of sleep each night. If you do, your body will feel strong and refreshed, and your mind will be sharp.
Finally, get plenty of exercise. Exercise firms the body, strengthens the muscles, and prevents you from gaining weight. It also improves your heart and lungs. If you follow a regular exercise program, you will probably increase your life-span (寿命).Any kind of exercise is good. Most sports are excellent for keeping the body in good shapes: basketball, swimming, bicycling, running and so on are good examples. Sports are not only good for your body, but they are enjoyable and interesting, too.
If everybody, were to eat the right foods, get plenty of sleep and exercise regularly, the world would be a happier and healthier place. We would all live to be much older and wiser.
6. According to the passage,_________.
A .we should always keep fit
B. if we were healthy, we could spend our days in doing things with less sleep
C. one can eat a lot to stay in good shape
D. one needn't take any exercise if he is healthy
7.In order to keep good health, ___________ .
A. we should eat a lot of sweets         
B. one needs a large amount of fat
C. people should eat according to the foods nutrition 
D. we must try to sleep now and then
8. Eating more and sleeping less________.
A. can keep healthy                 B. is no good for you
C. gets you more energy           D. will keep your personality
9.The writer explains ________in this passage.
A. how to eat                        B. the importance of doing exercise
C. how to keep healthy             D. what to eat
10.The title of the article should be___________ .
A. Eating and Exercising           B. How Vitamins Work in Man's Body
C. Staying Healthy                   D. Sleeping Well

Until a century ago, bloodletting was used to treat many ailments. Dating back to before the time of Christ, the treatment involved letting a type of worm, called a leech, such blood from the patient. People believed that there were liquids called humors in the body and that these determined a person’s personality and heath. Bloodletting, they thought, restored a balance to these humors.
At the time, little was known of the working of the human body, but people did know that the same liquid, blood, flowed throughout everyone’s body. They knew it was a vital substance, for loss of any great amount of it meant certain death. Thus, they concluded that all diseases were carried in the bloodstream, and that if the body was relieved of bad blood, heath would return. Bloodletting, however, came to be used as a cure-all. Woman were bled to keep them from blushing while members of the clergy were bled to prevent them from thinking sinful and worldly thoughts.
From the 11th to the 18th centuries, barbers were the people to go to if you needed to be bled. This custom explains the significance of the traditional barber’s pole: the white stripes stand for bandages and the red stripe for blood.
1. This passage is concerned about            .
healthy people and doctors                         B. bleeding as a cure-all
C. barbers of long ago                                      D. leeches with special jobs to do
2. The red and white stripes on barber pole symbolize         .
sin and redemption                             B. the bleeding form
C. women who are nurses                                  D. humors in the body
3. Why is bloodletting no longer considered a cure-all?
Because more is known about the workings of the human body.
Because leeches were outlawed
Because barbers were too busy cutting hair.
Because today we know that blood is necessary for health
4. In the second paragraph, the word “Thus” could be replaced by the word       .
A. When                        B. However                  C. If                            D. So
5. Ailments means           .
A. cures                         B. women                     C. disease                     D. medicines
Four out of ten women who diet end up heavier than when they started watching their waistline（腰围）, a study revealed today. The research also showed that a large percentage of women start noticing the pounds creeping back on just 21 days after reaching their ideal weight.
Yesterday, Dr Ian Campbell of the Jenny Craig weight management program said: 'In the UK 61.4 per cent of adults are overweight or obese. Successful weight management requires a long-term commitment in order to lose weight successfully and for good. Dieting can be a real challenge so setting realistic goals and remaining focused on them is important. Otherwise as this research shows, women could end up heavier than when they started.'
The 'Food: Body: Mind' report was publicized by Jenny Craig who quizzed 2000 women aged between 18 and 65 who diet regularly on their attitudes, beliefs and behaviors around weight loss. Six in ten said they are currently on a diet and one in five women said they are on a 'continuous diet'.
It found the most common triggers to start dieting was seeing their 'reflection in the mirror', preparing for a summer holiday or unflattering photos posted on social networking sites. Other popular reasons include comments by friends or relatives or their other half.
However, the study showed that one in ten give up within one day, while almost a fifth manage to make it to a week or more. The average is ten days. Many blamed pressure they put on themselves to lose weight too quickly for the weight gain, which leaves them with a bigger appetite than normal. Others blamed colleagues, who tuck into fatty lunches and snacks unaware of the effect it has on the dieter, while mothers who polish off their children's leftovers was another common cause of weight gain.
小题1:Which of the following might be the best title for this article?
A．Three reasons to fail in dietingB．Important things for successful diet
C．Four in ten women gain weight on dietsD．Obesity: problem for 61.4% adults in UK
小题2:In the UK, women who go on a diet __________.
A． are all overweight or obese
B． all fail because they are not persistent enough
C． are likely to gain weight again after reaching their ideal weight
D． end up heavier than when they start to diet
小题3:The underlined word “triggers” in Paragraph 4 probably means_________.
A．effects B．causesC． examplesD．imagination
小题4:Which of the following is NOT the reason why many people quit dieting very soon?
A．The pressure they put on themselves to lose weight quickly.
B．Colleagues who give them fatty lunches and snacks.
C．Leftovers of children’s taken by their mothers.
D．Reflections they see in the mirror.
Not being able to fall asleep or stay asleep is not a disorder in itself but a sign of some other problems, often a physical one.
If you have trouble sleeping, the American Sleep Disorders Association suggests that, for a week or two, you put down the time you go to bed, get up, exercise, and drink coffee, tea or wine.  The purpose is to find the habits that may affect your sleep.
Then:
a.      Don’t drink coffee in the six hours before going to bed.
b.      Stop smoking and drinking at bedtime.
c.      Don’t sleep during the day.
d.      Go to bed at the same time every night.  Set your alarm clock for the same time every morning and get up at that time, whether or not you sleep well.
e.      Use the bedroom only for sleep.  Read, watch TV, eat and talk elsewhere.
f.       Take sleeping pills according to your doctor’s directions and don’t take them for longer than three weeks at a time.
g.      If you haven’t fallen asleep within 15 minutes of going to bed, don’t turn over worrying about it.  Get up and read or watch TV until you are sleepy, then return to bed.
If you continue to have trouble sleeping, ask your doctor for help or go to a sleep-disorders center.
小题1: According to the passage, there is probably        if you are not able to fall 
asleep or stay asleep.
A．a bad way of sleepingB．a disorder in sleep
C．a physical reasonD．a problem caused by the brain
小题2:If you have trouble sleeping, you should try to ______.
A．ask a doctor for help or go to a sleep-disorders center
B．put down the time you do things every day
C．do more physical exercise
D．find out the cause first
小题3:According to the passage, which of the following would be the best way to help you sleep well?
A．Taking some sleeping pills every day.
B．Reading books before you go to bed.
C．Setting your alarm clock at night.
D．Forming good living habits.
小题4:The author writes this article in order to ______.
A．tell us not being able to fall asleep is a serious disease
B．provide us with some suggestions on sleep problem
C．persuade us not to go to see the doctors when we are ill
D．help the American Sleep Disorders Association to find the causes of not being able to fall sleep
American society is not nap (午睡)friendly . In fact , says David Dings , sleep specialist at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine , “There’s even a prohibition (禁止) against admitting we need sleep”. Nobody wants to be caught napping or found asleep at work . To quote a proverb : “Some sleep five hours , nature requires seven , laziness nine and wickedness(淘气的) eleven.”
The way not to fall asleep at work is to take naps when you need them . “We have to totally change our attitude toward napping ,” says Dr. William Dement of Stanford University , the godfather of sleep research .
Last year a national commission led by Dement identified(发现) an “American sleep debt” which one member said was as important as the national debt . The commission was concerned about the dangers of sleepiness : people causing industrial accidents or falling asleep while driving . This may be why we have a new sleep policy in the White House . According to recent reports , President Clinton is trying to take a half---hour snooze (瞌睡) every afternoon .
About 60 percent of American adults nap when given the opportunity . We seem to have “a mid afternoon quiet phase ,” also called “a secondary sleep gate .” Sleeping 15 minutes to two hours in the early afternoon can reduce stress and make us refreshed . Clearly , we were born to nap .
We superstars of snooze don’t nap to replace lost shut--eye or to prepare for a night shift . Rather , we “snack” on sleep ,whenever , wherever and at whatever time we feel like it . I myself have napped in buses , cars , planes and on boats ; on floors and beds ;and in libraries ,  offices and museums .
小题1:The research done by the Dement Commission shows that Americans     .
A．don’t like to take naps
B．are terribly worried about their national debt
C．think that lack of enough sleep causes many accidents
D．have caused many industrial and traffic accidents
小题2:The purpose of this article is to     .
  1. warn us of the wickedness of napping 
B. explain the danger of sleepiness
C. discuss the side effects of napping
D. convince the reader of the necessity of napping
小题3:The “American sleep debt”(Line 1 , Para .3) is the result of      .
  1. the traditional misconception the Americans have about sleep
  2. the new sleep policy of the Clinton Administration
  3. the rapid development of American industry
  4. the Americans’ worry about the danger of sleepiness
小题4:The second sentence of the last paragraph tells us that it is      .
  1. preferable to have a sound sleep before a night shift
  2. good practice to eat something light before we go to bed
  3. essential (基本的) to make up for lost sleep
  4. natural to take a nap whenever we feel the need for it

B
Should doctors ever lie to benefit their patient–to
speed recovery or to cover the coming of death? In
medicine as in law, government, and other lines of
work, the requirements of honesty often seem dwarfed
（变矮小）by greater needs: the need to protect from
brutal news or to uphold a promise of secrecy; to advance
the public interest．
What should doctors say, for example, to a 46-year-old man coming in for a routine physical checkup just before going on vacation with his family who, though he feels in perfect health, is found to have a form of cancer that will cause him to die within six months? Is it best to tell him the  truth? If he asks, should the doctor reject that he is ill, or minimize fee gravity of the illness? Should they at least hide the truth until after the family vacation?
Doctors face such choices often．At times, they see important reasons to lie for the patient's own sake; in their eyes, such lies differ sharply from self-serving ones．
Studies show that most doctors sincerely believe that the seriously ill patients do not want to know the truth about their condition, and that informing them risks destroying their hope, so that they may recover more slowly, or deteriorate （恶化） faster, perhaps even commit suicide（自杀）．
But other studies show that, contrary to the belief of many physicians; a great majority of patients do want to be told the truth, even about serious illness, and feel cheated when they learn that they have been misled．We are also learning that truthful information, humanly conveyed, helps patients cope with illness: help them tolerate pain better, need less medicine, and even recover faster after operation．
There is urgent need to debate this issue openly．Not only in medicine, but in other professions as well, practitioners may find themselves repeatedly in difficulty where serious consequences seem avoidable only through deception （欺骗）．Yet the public has every reason to know professional deception, for such practices are peculiarly likely to become deeply rooted, to spread, and to trust．Neither in medicine, nor in law, government, or the social sciences can there be comfort in the old saying, "What you don't know can't hurt you．"
60．What is the passage mainly about?
A．Whether patients really want to know the truth of their condition．
B．Whether patients should be told the truth of their illness．
C．Whether different studies should be carried on．
D．Whether doctors are honesty with their patients．
61．For the case mentioned in paragraph 2, most doctors will ____．
A．tell the patient the truth as soon as possible
B．choose to lie to him about his condition at that moment
C．tell him to shorten the family vacation
D．advise him to cancel the family vacation
62．Which of the following is TRUE?
A．Sometimes government tells lies because they need to meet the public interest．
B．Doctors believe if they lie, those seriously-ill patients will recover more quickly．
C．Truthful information helps patients deal with their illness in some cases．
D．Many patients don't want to know the truth, especially about serious illness．
63．From the passage, we can learn that the author's attitude to professional deception is ____．
A．supportive          B．indifferent       C．opposed       D．neutral
63．From the passage, we can learn that the author’s attitude to professional deception is      .
A．supportive       B．indifferent       C．opposed    D．neutral

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