附加题(30分)

When I was a law professor, a student reported that I made an error in grading his exam by giving him too many points. He was _____ and after thanking him for his honesty, I changed the ______ in my records. His beaming (欢笑的) face turned to _____. “You’re lowering my grade?” he said angrily. “I would never have come in ______ ……”. He didn’t finish the _____, but it was obvious that his display of honesty was false. He thought he’d have it all— praise and the ______ grade. Several colleagues thought I should have let the higher grade _____ because all I’d accomplished was to discourage him from being ______ in the future. And every time I tell this _____, some people agree with this remark. But I can’t see how I could give good ______ for worsening my mistake in grading by undermining (损害) the honesty of all my grades by failing to ______ an error. The grade itself would be a dishonest ______ of his knowledge and it would have been _____to other students. How could I possibly give a student a gift of an_____ grade? I know _____ reporting an error in one’s favor is unusual, but, like ______ extra change, it’s clearly the right thing to do. People of character, those with real honesty, hate to give up benefits as ______ as anyone else. The difference is that for them a good conscience and reputation is _____enough to give reason for the cost of doing the right thing. Perhaps lowering the student’s grade did ______ him from being honest in the future, but bribing (贿赂) him to be honest so that he does the right thing when it’s cost-free would have _____him even more. The duty to be honest is about right and wrong, not risks and rewards.

1.A. wise B. right C. rigid D. angry

2.A. file B. note C. name D. grade

3.A. grief B. shock C. happiness D. silence

4.A. whether B. which C. if D. what

5.A. sentence B. word C. exam D. lesson

6.A. higher B. lower C. more D. less

7.A. move B. stand C. change D. drop

8.A. brave B. adventurous C. honest D. dull

9.A. man B. story C. way D. exam

10.A. state B. cause ` C. excuse D. result

11.A. make B. mind C. avoid D. correct

12.A. reaction B. sense C. sign D. reflection

13.A. unfair B. cruel C. tough D. funny

14.A. unfinished B. undone C. unearned D. unquestioned

15.A. actively B. secretly C. voluntarily D. curiously

16.A. receiving B. returning C. earning D. paying

17.A. many B. well C. good D. much

18.A. pleasure B. reward C. content D. honor

19.A. discourage B. influence C. protect D. separate

20.A. improved B. encouraged C. ruined D. blamed

阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

One morning all the employees reached the office as usual. And on the wall they saw a big________on which it was written:Yesterday, the person who has been your growth in this company passed ________ . We invite you to join the funeral(葬礼) prepared in the ________ .

In the beginning,they all got ________ for the death of one of their colleagues. ________ after a while they started getting ________ to know who was the man that limited the growth of his colleagues and the company itself.

The _______ in the gym was such that security agents(保安)were ________ to control the crowd within the room. The more people reached the coffin(棺材), the more the excitement ________ up. Everyone whispered to each other:“________ on earth is this guy?”

One by one the excited employees got closer to the coffin, and when they________ inside it, they ________ became speechless. They stood nearby the coffin, shocked and in________, as if someone had ________ the deepest part of their soul.

There was a ________ inside the coffin;everyone who looked inside it could see himself, There was also a sign next to the mirror that________ : there is only one person who is ________ to set limits to your growth:IT IS ________ !!!!!! Your life doesn’t change when everyone around you changes. Your life changes when YOU change,when you go beyond your limiting beliefs inside. Don’t be afraid of ________ ;build yourself and your reality. It’s the way you face life itself that makes the difference!

1.A. post B. card C. 1etter D. sign

2.A. encouraging B. limiting C. building D. helping

3.A. on B. away C. by D. down

4.A. gym B. office C. way D. meeting room

5.A. afraid B. excited C. sad D. calm

6.A. And B. Or C. But D. So

7.A. curious B. pleased C. ready D. serious

8.A. surprise B. anger C. sadness D. excitement

9.A. admitted B. ordered C. forbidden D. forced

10.A. kept B. woke C. turned D. heated

11.A. Who B. What C. How D. Where

12.A. walked B. got C. looked D. turned

13.A. suddenly B. gradually C. merely D. extremely

14.A. sorrow B. order C. person D. silence

15. A. attacked B. stolen C. touched D. seen

16.A. 1ettern B. mirror C. book D. colleague

17.A. read B. wrote C. showed D. reflected

18.A. sure B. eager C. able D. afraid

19.A. ME B. YOU C. HE D. ITSELF

20.A. punishment B. praises C. blame D. changes

In ancient Egypt, a shopkeeper discovered that he could attract customers to his shop simply by making changes to its environment. Modern businesses have been following his lead, with more tactics(策略).

One tactic involves where to display the goods. For example, stores place fruits and vegetables in the first section. They know that customers who buy the healthy food first will feel happy so that they will buy more junk food(垃圾食品) later in their trip. In department stores, the women’s shoe section is generally next to the women’s cosmetics(化妆品) section: while the shop assistant is going back to find the right size shoe, bored customers are likely to wander over and find some cosmetics they might want to try later.

Besides, businesses seek to appeal to customers’ senses. Stores notice that the smell of baked goods encourages shopping, so they make their own bread each morning and then fan the bread smell into the store throughout the day. Music sells goods, too. Researchers in Britain found that when French music was played, sales of French wines went up.

When it comes to the selling of houses, businesses also use highly rewarding tactics. They find that customers make decisions in the first few seconds upon walking in the door, and turn it into a business opportunity. A California builder designed the structure of its houses smartly. When entering the house, the customer would see the Pacific Ocean through the windows, and then the pool through an open stairway leading to the lower level. The instant view of water on both levels helped sell these $10 million houses.

1.Why do stores usually display fruits and vegetables in the first section?

A. To save customers times.

B. To show they are high quality foods.

C. To help sell junk food.

D. To sell them at discount prices.

2.According to Paragraph 3, which of the following encourages customers to buy?

A. Opening the store early in the morning.

B. Displaying British wines next to French ones.

C. Inviting customers to play music.

D. Filling the store with the smell of fresh bread.

3.What is the California builder’s story intended to prove?

A. The house structure is a key factor customers consider.

B. The more costly the house is, the better it sells.

C. An ocean view is much to the customers’ taste.

D. A good first impression increases sales.

4.What is the main purpose of the passage?

A. To explain how businesses turn people into their customers.

B. To introduce how businesses have grown from the past.

C. To report researches on customer behavior.

D. To show dishonest business practices.

Robots make me nervous-especially the ones which seem to think for themselves.I was embarrassed to admit this till I heard that Bill Gates,the founder of Microsoft,felt the same way.Gates said in an interview with the website Reddit:“I am in the camp that is concerned about super intelligence.First the machines will do a lot of jobs for us and not be super intelligent.That should be positive if we manage well.A few decades after that though the intelligence is strong enough to be a concern.”

Well,maybe I don’t have to worry about my laptop and kitchen appliances yet.After I use them I can always pull the plug.But in the future,machines might find a way to prevent us from switching them off.There’s a scary thought!

Professor Stephen Hawking warned a few months ago about the possibility that artificial intelligence could evolve and end up beyond human contro1.He suggested that machines could“spell the end of the human race”.

Maybe the problem with computers too clever for us is not that they are evil or rebellious.What could put us in danger is that they might be too efficient.That’s what philosopher Nick Bostrom from the Future of Humanity Institute at Oxford University believes.He says that machines are indifferent to humans and in pursuit of their own goals,the destruction of people might be just collateral(附带的)damage.A machine would not take pity on you.

I’m glad my machines at home are“dumb”.All my vacuum cleaner wants to take over is the carpet in my living room.Let’s hope they don’t create an appliance which wants to take over the world!

1.We can conclude from Gates’statements that ___________.

A.he is embarrassed that he is afraid of robots

B.he doesn’t think machines are intelligent

C.machines should be fully employed

D.machines’super intelligence should be a concern

2.The underlined word“spell”in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to _____________.

A.record B.cause C.explain D.develop

3.Why are computers dangerous according to Nick Bostrom?

A.They are too evil and rebellious.

B.They are indifferent to humans.

C.They show pity on humans.

D.They are too clever and efficient.

4.What can be inferred about the author?

A.He doesn’t agree with Bill Gates.

B.He is not content with the present kitchen appliances.

C.He is scared about the super intelligence of machines.

D.He expects that machines will take place of humans.

You may have experienced the annoyance of being fined because of parking illegally or finding your car towed away(拖走)after leaving it parked somewhere for a couple of minutes.But now a high-tech car sticker that’s designed to be stuck to a car’s windscreen could help motorists avoid such a situation.

The TowStop sticker sends a text message to a driver when touched by a traffic policeman,to allow motorists to send a reply and give them time to move their cars immediately.Frankfurt-based IT consultant,Daniel Kalliontzis,came up with the idea and is raising money to put his ?54(£43) sticker into production.

Car owners can put the sticker inside their car’s windscreen,having set it up with key information,such as their phone number.The slim design will include a sensor(传感器)that,when touched by a traffic policeman,will send a text message warning a driver of a possible fine.The driver could then type a reply for the policeman using a smartphone,which will appear on the sticker’s screen.

The smart sticker system will rely on the good will of traffic policemen and in a way,a German law.The law states:an officer has to choose the most efficient and inexpensive way for the car owner to remove the vehicle.It could be cheaper for the government to call the driver than to tow his car.

Mail Online asked the Department of Transport whether the sticker could be used in the UK in a similar way.A spokesman said,“In England there is no legal duty to warn the motorist before issuing the ticket.However,a policeman does have the discretion not to issue a ticket if he doesn’t think the situation is that bad or he just wants to issue a warning.”

So far,Mr.Kalliontzis has raised just over ?3,000(£2,362)of his ?50,000(£39,381) goal.If he manages to raise the money,the stickers will be shipped in June 2015.But it appears that car owners using the smart system could get some unnecessary warning messages,because anyone could touch the smart sticker.

1.The author wrote the third paragraph to _______________.

A.explain how a smart car sticker works

B.advise drivers to buy a car sticker

C.show the importance of a sensor

D.tell drivers how to park a car

2.We may infer from the text that in Britain _______________.

A.car owners don’t have to worry about a parking ticket

B.smart car stickers wouldn’t work as well as in Germany

C.traffic policemen prefer to call a driver rather than tow his car

D.the Department of Transport thinks highly of smart car stickers

3.The underlined word“discretion” in Paragraph 5 can best be replaced by“____________”.

A.trouble B.pressure

C.freedom D.opportunity

4.What would be the best title for the text?

A.Daniel Kalliontzis — a great inventor

B.Environment-friendly car stickers

C.Parking systems in Europe

D.End of the parking ticket?

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