题目内容



An Australian researcher is urging parents to load up their teenager’s backpack and make them walk to school.
Professor Leon Straker says students who walk or cycle to school are less likely to have back and neck pain. But the study of 1,202 Western Australian 14­year­old found that 72% of students travelled to school by car or bus. Straker says the study suggests walking or cycling while carrying a schoolbag helps improve trunk (躯干) and spinal (脊柱的) muscle strength.
This helps reduce back pain because greater muscle strength improves support for the back during load carrying .Despite advocating that parents get their children moving，Straker warns bag load should not exceed (超过) 15% of body weight.
Straker says the study also stresses that neck pain is as common as back pain among young teenagers. This is an area that has been largely ignored，he says，but can be an important indicator of neck pain into adulthood.
For the study，students were asked a series of questions such as how long they carried their bags for，how they carried their schoolbags，the method of travel，and their perceptions(感觉) about the bag’s weight.
Straker says about half of all participants experienced back and neck pain，with slightly more females reporting neck pain. However，the gender (性别) difference may also be due to the fact that females have lower pain tolerance.
Studies from the 1980s found carrying a bag over one shoulder was most common among teenagers. However in this study 85% of participants carried their bag over both shoulders.
Straker believes the change has been driven partly through education campaigns，but also by increasing fashion status of backpacks and improved design.
小题1:In the opinion of Leon Straker，parents should________.
A．reduce the load of their children’s schoolbags
B．put more books in their children’s schoolbags
C．get their children’s schoolbags ready for school
D．ask their children to walk to school carrying schoolbags
小题2:If a child weighs 40 kilograms，the weight of his schoolbag should be________.
A．no more than 15 kg
B．less than 6 kg
C．as heavy as 9 kg
D．more than 6 kg
小题3:We can learn from the passage that________.
A．most of the students in Australia walk to school
B．neck pain is uncommon among young teenagers
C．walking while carrying a backpack helps reduce back pain
D．males are more likely to experience back pain than females
小题4:According to the passage，what change has taken place since the 1980s?
A．How students carry their schoolbags.
B．How heavy students’ schoolbags are.
C．How students go to school every day.
D．How long students carry their schoolbags for.

小题1:D
小题2:B
小题3:C
小题4:A

试题分析：本文叙述了为了孩子的健康问题专家建议，不要让孩子坐车去上学，而是要背着书包走着去上学，当然背包的重量不要超过孩子体重的15%，或者让孩子骑着自行车去上学。这样做的好处是能够加强脊柱肌肉的力量和缓解背痛的问题。
小题1:细节理解题。根据An Australian researcher is urging parents to load up their teenager’s backpack and make them walk to school.澳大利亚一位研究人员敦促家长装载他们的青少年的背包,让他们走路上学故选D。
小题2:细节理解题。根据Straker warns bag load should not exceed (超过) 15% of body weight.故选B。
小题3:细节理解题。根据Straker says the study suggests walking or cycling while carrying a schoolbag helps improve trunk (躯干) and spinal (脊柱的) muscle strength.和
This helps reduce back pain because greater muscle strength improves support for the back during load carrying .背书包上学可以缓解背痛的问题，故选C。
小题4:细节理解题。根据Studies from the 1980s found carrying a bag over one shoulder was most common among teenagers. However in this study 85% of participants carried their bag over both shoulders.研究从20世纪80年代发现单肩背书包青少年中很流行。然而在这项研究中,85%的人现在是双肩背包很受欢迎。故选A。
点评：细节事实理解题主要考查考生对文章中某一些特定细节或文章的重要实事的理解能力。它一般包括直接理解题和语义理解题两种。直接理解题的答案与原文直接挂钩，从阅读材料中可以找到。这种题难度低，只要学生读懂文章，就能得分，属于低层次题。而语义理解题须将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换才能得出结论。这类题目要求考生能理解原文中某个短语或句子的含义，从而找到与答案意思相同的词语和句子。
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As hand-held devices such as smartphones are becoming more common, users are reporting some new physical problems. Florida chiropractor Dean Fishman began noticing an increased number of patients talking about neck and shoulder pain. He discovered these symptoms were due to the overuse of hand-held devices, particularly the action of bending the neck, and then coined the term “Text Neck.” As if the painful symptoms weren’t bad enough, Fishman warns that an untreated case of Text Neck could lead to permanent spinal(脊椎) damage.
Other doctors have warned about “iPad Hand,” a condition that occurs when people use tablets like the iPad for hours at a time. Most people use their left hand to support the tablet and their right hand to tap or scroll. Doing this for long periods without changing positions can result in severe joint pain.
In order to avoid or reduce the possibility of getting Text Neck or iPad Hand, use the following basic ergonomic(人体工学的) principles:
Avoid awkward positioning. Don’t strain your neck, and stay aware of how you are positioned in relation to the device. Make sure that both your neck and shoulders are relaxed and that you aren’t leaning over for a long period of time.
Take frequent breaks when using any kind of mobile device. Many doctors recommend that users change their position every 15 minutes.
When using a tablet, use a case that can support the device on a table or your lap at a comfortable viewing angle.
Along with a case, use a separate keyboard with your tablet. This will be more comfortable since you’ll be resting both hands on the keyboard. And since you won’t be holding the tablet, you’ll be less likely to experience hand or arm pain.
小题1:What kind of product for hand-held devices does the writer discuss?
A．One for recording.B．One for charging.
C．One for telephoning.D．One for typing.
小题2:Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “coined” (Para1)?
A．cashedB．createdC．changedD．completed
小题3:Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A．If you are holding an iPad for long periods, it could cause spinal damage.
B．Text Neck symptoms include long-term damage in the back.
C．You are advised to lean over in relation to the device.
D．You should rest your hands on the keyboard at times.
小题4:In which magazine would you most likely find this article?
A．Personal FinanceB．Science Fiction Monthly
C．Mind and BodyD．Smartphone World
The World Health Organization recently reported that the number of cases of tuberculosis(TB) has been abating since 2006 . Also, fewer people are dying from TB. But a study by researchers at the University of California, San Francisco, says smoking could threaten this progress.
Nearly twenty percent of all people use tobacco, and millions of non-smokers get sick from breathing the smoke. The new study predicts that smoking will produce an additional thirty-four million TB deaths by 2024.
Efforts to control the spread of TB have mainly focused on finding and treating infections. Fewer efforts have been made to understand the causes. Dr Anthony Fauci is the director of the United States National Institute of Allergy and Infectious diseases. He said, “Despite our control efforts, we still have more than a million people each year dying from TB and millions of people  getting infected; we realize it’s still a very important problem. So we have to do the practical thing and we have to do the fundamental research things at the same time. ”
Smoking does not cause TB; bacteria cause the infection. But the study says smoking affects the nervous system in a way that makes an inactive case of TB more likely to develop into an active one. Stanton Glantz is the director of the University of California’s Centre for Tobacco Control Research and Education and an author of the new study. He says it shows that TB cannot be controlled unless tobacco use is controlled.  He said, “It increases the number of people who will get TB by about seven percent.”
The study is described as the first to identify a direct link between tobacco use and rates of TB infection and death. Professor Glantz says the results should guide those creating health policies and TB control efforts. He said, “If you want to control the infectious disease of TB, you have to control the tobacco industry and the tobacco industry’s efforts to increase tobacco use, particularly in developing countries where TB is a big problem.”
小题1:What would be the beat title for this passage?
A．Scientists try to find the causes of TB deaths.
B．Study shows smoking is harmful to our health.
C．Study links smoking to millions of TB deaths.
D．Scientists pay more attention to TB deaths than before.
小题2:What does the underlined word “abating” in Paragraph 1 mean?
A．RespondingB．Surviving.C．Rising.D．Falling.
小题3: What would Dr Anthony Fauci probably agree with?
A．More efforts are needed to find the causes of TB infections.
B．TB infections are no longer a serious problem.
C．Few efforts have been put into the work of treating TB infections.
D．The practical and the fundamental research cannot be done together at present.
小题4:It is implied in the passage that ____________.
A．it is not very hard to control TB
B．smoking indirectly leads to TB
C．an inactive case of TB is deadly
D．people cannot blame smoking for TB
By May，after three months，I had lost22pounds and reached my goal of 115 pounds．My friends would say “Alice，you look great！”or“How did you lose so much weight？”Those compliments made me feel good and confident．
Soon I dropped to110 pounds．A few of my friends told me that I needed to stop dieting，because I was starting to look sick. They brought me a present—— a bag of chocolates，which I later gave to my sister．My mother would come to my room，with tears in her eyes，and have long chats about how harmful this diet was and begged me to stop．My dad would leave worried messages on my cell phone at school，telling me that it would do serious harm to my body．
By mid-June，when school was coming to an end，I was down to an only alive state of 95 pounds．All of a sudden，I knew I had to do something．I guessed the number itself scared me．I recalled my doctor．He told me about a girl who was 95 pounds and was at the risk of dying．I knew I was putting my life at risk，but for what？ To make those who love me worried？ Was it worthwhile to be thin？
Now I realize that models in magazines，TV and movies are not realistic．The price to pay for the“perfect body”is living with a dangerous and sometimes deadly eating disorder．And there are more important things to think about than how thin you are．
小题1:The underlined word“compliments”in Paragraph I probably means_____.
A．questionsB．praiseC．understandingD．experiences
小题2:Why did the author's mother come to her room in tears？
A．Because the mother was worried about her daughter's health．
B．Because the mother thought her daughter was brave enough．
C．Because the mother was sorry to have helped her daughter go on a diet．
D．Because the mother was deeply moved by her daughter's friends．
小题3:The author decided to stop dieting_______．
A．after her parents persuaded her out of it
B．when her weight dropped to 95 pounds
C．after she reached her goal of losing weight
D．after her friends told her to stop dieting
小题4:From the text we learn that _________.
A．there are no models with a perfect body in real life
B．it is too expensive for people to lose weight
C．you will be healthy as long as you stop dieting
D．an unhealthy diet can lead to serious health problems
A
Car needs gas to run as your body needs food to work for you. Eating the right kinds of food is very important. A good eating habit can help your body grow strong if you take care of what you eat.
There are four main food groups altogether. The dairy group has food like milk, cheese and sour milk. The other three groups are the meat and fish group, the fruit and vegetable group, and the bread and rice group. Each meal should have at least one food from all four main groups. With all of these foods together, you will be given enough energy during the day.
It is easy to get into bad eating habits. You may eat your breakfast in a hurry to get to school on time or you may not have time for a good lunch. It may be easier to eat fish and chips for your supper all the time. But you will find yourself tired and you will not be able to think quickly.
Watching what you eat will help keep your body healthy and strong. It is also good to take some exercise. It will help you eat more if you take a walk or play games in the open air. Having good eating habits with some exercise is the key to your health.
小题1:According to the passage, which of the following diets do you think is the best one?
A．Eggs, tomatoes and chicken.
B．Milk, bread, cabbages and beef.
C．Corn, fish, ice cream and pork.
D．Rice, beancurd(豆腐)，fish and chicken.
小题2:Which of the following is a good eating habit?
A．Going to school without any breakfast.
B．Eating fish and chips for supper all the time.
C．Having at least food from one of the four groups each meal.
D．Having different food from all four food groups.
小题3: In this passage the writer mainly tells us that____.
A．every person needs food to grow well.
B．taking exercise can keep your body strong.
C．the right kind of food with exercise will keep you healthy.
D．enough energy helps people think more quickly.
小题4:The underlined word “dairy” in the second paragraph means_____.
A．the food made out of cows such as milk and butter
B．the shop that sells milk and butter
C．a farm where cows are kept
D．a place where milk products are made
（共5小题，每小题3分，满分15分）
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项是多余选项。
You may know the benefits of laughter on the mind and spirit. __1__. Norman Cousins used to say that laughter is so beneficial for your body that is like “inner jogging”.
Mayo Clinic Health Letter reports that laughter aids breathing by increasing your breathing rate. It can even help clear mucus (粘液) from your lungs. __2__. It increases circulation and improves the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to tissues throughout your body. __3__. It helps fight off colds, flu etc. by increasing the concentration of immunoglobulin A (免疫球蛋白A) in your saliva (唾液). And it may help control pain by raising the levels of certain brain chemicals.
Furthermore, it is a natural stress reliever. Have you ever laughter so hard that you doubled over, feel off your chair, spit out your food? __4__. The good news is that you are allowed more than 15 laughs a day! Go ahead and double the dose and make it 30 times today. (You may begin to notice immediate improvement in your relationships!) Then double it again! __5__. People will enjoy being around you as well.
Laughter, it's the best medicine.
A. Laughter is also good for your heart.
B. A good laugh helps you build up you body to protect against diseases.
C. However, it is confusing why laughter makes people so good.
D. However, are you aware of how much a good laugh can help you physically?
E. A good laugh relieves physical tension and stress.
F. You cannot maintain muscle tension when you are laughing!
G. You are likely to feel better and deal with problems more effectively.
UGG boots have been a winter-weather fashion for several years now, combining function, comfort, warmth and even some style. What many UGG-enthusiasts don’t know is that their boots are a breeding ground for bacteria and cause foot problems.
Doctors believe the boots, which are particularly popular among young teenage girls, are leading to a rise in the number of people suffering pains in their feet and knees.
Dr. Ian Drysdale，head of the British College of Osteopathic Medicine，believes because the foot does not get the proper support on the inside，it will lead to more ankle，knee，hip and back problems. “These boots are not designed for outside wear. Just because something becomes a trend or fashionable doesn’t mean it’s good or right，” he said, “The particular problem with this type of footwear is that it is unsupported. It’s a slipper. You wouldn’t normally expect to be doing outdoor activities from something that’s indoor. If you decide to wear your pajamas outside all. the time, someone will come up and say it’s not a good idea. ” Dr. Drysdale explained that the feet issues become a particular problem among young teenage girls，whose bones are “ plastic ” and developing when they are growing. “ If that structure is developing in an inappropriate way,” he said, “then the ultimate structure will be deformed ”
Mike 0，NeiU, a consultant surgeon, said, “As the foot slides around, you get wear and tear (磨损）on the joints on the inside of the foot The ankle is m the wrong position, the thigh bone also changes position, and you get an abnormal movement in the pelvis, which leads to back problems. ”
UGG AustraUa9 who makes the designer version of the boots, told The Daily Mirror that their boots are “comfort” rather than “performance” footwear and consumers should be aware of “knockoffs”（仿制品)which lack reinforced heels in their boots.
小题1:Teenage girls prefer to wear UGG boots because of the following except______
A．designB．comfortC．qualityD．warmth
小题2:Accordi^ to Dr. Ian Drysdale，_____
A．there is a possibility that bacteria will multiply in UGG boots
B．wearing UGG boots will lead to more ankle and toe problems
C．it’s not a good idea to wear boots like UGG outside all the time
D．teenage girl’s bones are plastic enough to wear UGG boots
小题3:The underlined word “ deformed” is closest in meaning to_____
A. shaped            B_ strengthened    C. reformed     D. damaged
小题4:Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A．Potential Harm of UGG BootsB．The Popularity of UGG Boots
C．The Unique Design of UGG BootsD．Benefits of UGG Boots
Vans, Keds, Dollies—they sound like the names of rock bands, but if you have teenagers, you'll know they're actually the latest in teenage footwear.
But experts are now warning that the latest shoes in different styles will be causing teenagers discomfort(不舒适） in the short term and storing up years of foot, knee and back pain in the future.
Here, the experts discover the problems caused by teenagers' shoe choice.
KEDS/VANS

Slip-on shoes with elastic (弹性的) sides are particularly popular among teenage boys - with Keds and Vans the most sought-after brands.
The main problem is that they are just too flat—so flat that the heel, which hits the ground first, also becomes damaged and painful.
BALLET PUMPS

The worst shoes of all are such light and thin dolly shoes. The problem is partly their flatness, as with Keds and Vans. However ballet pumps, which have no string or heel, have other specific problems.
“As the shoe has no fastening device, it relies on the toes to keep the shoe on, causing a difficult gait（步法）, this leads to short- and long-term problems such as calluses（茧子）, heel and knee pain.”
WEDGES AND STILETTOS

These shoes can also cause problems with gait. They may look good, but the heels on these are so high they can force the wearer's body weight forward, making them very shaky.
Teens who wear these shoes regularly are also in danger of joining those millions of women with continuous back pain.
SCHOOL SHOES
So what do podiatrists（足科医生）have on their wish list, especially for everyday wear?
Something in a natural, breathable fabric, with a string to hold it on, with a small heel and a deep toe-box that does not press the toes, such as Clark's, Marks & Spencer or Rhino.
If your teen insists on wearing 'bad' shoes, get them some simple foot orthotics(矫形器) in the shoes. These support and correct the movement of the foot and, properly fitted by a podiatrist, can often change their walk and halt the damage.
小题1:Of all the shoes mentioned(提到) in the passage, which can cause the worst problems?
A．Marks & Spencer.B．Wedges & Stilettos.
C．Keds and Vans.D．Ballet Pumps.
小题2:Which pair of shoes may not be found on the podiatrists’ wish list?
A．B．C．D．
小题3:The underlined word “halt” in the last paragraph probably means _______.
A．increaseB．worsenC．stopD．cause
小题4:In which column of Mail Online can you find this passage?
A．Sports.B．Science.C．Health.D．Shopping.
One of the most important meals of the day is breakfast. In order for children to build strong bodies and for adults to keep well, they should always eat a good breakfast. Eating the right food is necessary for good health. You should eat different kinds of food in order to keep a good health.
It is understood that a good breakfast may contain eggs, bread, milk, and so on. By eating breakfast every morning, you can feel alive and active in the morning’s work. After a good breakfast you can step out into the morning air and feel wonderful. Anybody can feel better by eating a good breakfast.
Many fathers and mothers are unable to get their children to eat breakfast. There are many reasons for children not to eat breakfast. One reason could be that they do not have a good example. It could be that the father and mother do not eat breakfast. What ever the reasons are for children not to eat breakfast, it can be bad for their health.
Without breakfast children may not grow as fast as they should and may not study and play as well in school in the morning as they could. They can have more illnesses, and, when they are ill, it may take them longer to be in good health again than it takes children with good health habits.
Good eating habits mean eating breakfast. Unless you eat breakfast, you do not eat a full meal from dinner the night before until lunch the next day. This is quite a long time for the body to go without food.
Food is the source of power for the body. Unless the body gets food, it cannot keep operating at top speed. Without food the body will slow down. Nobody will live without food. It is necessary to start the day full of power. So you must eat breakfast so that you can keep in good health and do your best each morning.
小题1:What should adults do in order to keep good health?
A．Eat less and take more exercise.B．Have less for lunch.
C．Have more for supper. D．Have a good breakfast.
小题2:Many fathers and mothers are unable to get their children to eat breakfast because they __________.
A．always eat a big breakfastB．eat a little for breakfast
C．eat more for breakfastD．don’t have breakfast at all
小题3:What will happen to the children without breakfast?
A．They may not grow as fast as children with breakfast.
B．They may grow faster and better than children with breakfast.
C．They may grow as fast and well as children with breakfast.
D．They may study as well as or ever better than children with breakfast.
小题4:Which of the following statements is TRUE?      
A．Breakfast can provide us the power we need.
B．Adults needn’t have breakfast.
C．Many fathers and mothers are unable to afford their children breakfast.
D．Only breakfast is important to us.

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