题目内容
12.About 5,500years ago,one group of humans invented something truly revolutionary:the wheel.Almost overnight news of the innovation spread far and wide,and wheels became popular so quickly that some archaeologists say we can't be sure exactly where the wheel was invented.According to HYPERLINK"http://www.birmingham.ac.uk/schools/psychology/people/dr-students/reindl-eva.aspx"Eva Reindl at the University of Birmingham in the UK,stories like this tell us a lot about what makes us human.Surprisingly,it's not that humans worked out how to make wheels that's important-it's the fact that other populations quickly caught on and copied the idea.Reindl and her colleagues say that a chimpanzee,gorilla or orangutan won't copy another ape's(猿) inventions.Each ape,says Reindl,learns for itself how to solve a problem.These species lack our cumulative(累积的) culture-they are constantly reinventing the wheel.
They also find out that even though our species relies on learning from others,it seems-as youngsters,at least-we're still capable of thinking entirely for ourselves.In this particular field,humans and other apes are apparently born in the same state.
Slightly paradoxically,Reindl says that finding similarities in the way humans and other apes are born can actually help us better define what really does make us unique as a species.This is because it highlights behaviors that we develop but that other apes do not.
For instance,although we might start out life with the same sort of tool-using capability that a chimpanzee possesses,we soon begin to behave in a more sophisticated way-precisely because we watch others and tap into the collective human wisdom that has accumulated down the generations."My colleagues and I work from the standpoint that cumulative culture is probably uniquely human,"says Riendl."But it's a subject of hot debate in the field right now."
On the other side of the debate are researchers like HYPERLINK"http://www.eva.mpg.de/primat/staff/boesch/"Christophe Boesch at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig,Germany."Our study of different tool selection in Tai chimps shows clearly that some important social component is at work in how chimps learn to select tools.In this region,at least,the apes actually do learn some tool use by carefully copying those around them.We still have so much to learn about tool use in chimpanzees,"says Boesch-including the complete range of tool use behaviors these apes show,how common each behavior is,and how individual chimpanzees learn to use tools for themselves.
It's not yet clear whether cumulative culture separates us from apes.The scientific jury clearly hasn't yet arrived at a decision.When consensus does emerge,we'll know whether our sister species share our ability to imitate others-or whether they are doomed to reinvent the same things over and over again.
61.The stories like wheels'invention are mentioned to show thatB.
A.humans can figure out how to invent wheels
B.humans can copy ideas and accumulate knowledge
C.apes aren't smarter than human beings
D.apes are capable of inventing the wheel
62.What can we infer from Boesch's study?A
A.Cumulative culture might exist in apes.
B.Apes can use tools by copying others.
C.Tools selection is an important social component.
D.Cumulative culture separates humans from apes.
63.What does the author think of the imitating ability of apes?D
A.They can do nothing but reinvent the same things over and over again.
B.Thinking for themselves is what they possess on their developing stage now.
C.Learning to copy others to use tools proves the existence of their imitating ability.
D.It remains to be seen whether apes have their cumulative culture.
64.Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of the passage?D
A.The invention and development of the wheel.
B.The differences between humans and apes.
C.The debate about cumulative culture in humans.
D.The argument about cumulative culture in apes.
分析 本文是一篇新闻报道类阅读.文章主要介绍了Eva Reindl和Christophe Boesch对于猿类是否可以像人类一样积累文化提出了不同的观点.
解答 61-64 BADD
61.B.细节理解题.根据"it's the fact that other populations quickly caught on and copied the idea."可知人们善于模仿并会积累文化.故选B.
62.A.推理判断题.根据"In this region,at least,the apes actually do learn some tool use by carefully copying those around them."可知猿类也是像人类一样可以积累文化.故选A.
63.D.细节理解题.根据"It's not yet clear whether cumulative culture separates us from apes.The scientific jury clearly hasn't yet arrived at a decision."可知猿类是否能积累文化这一问题还有待进一步研究.故选D.
64.D.主旨大意题.纵览全文并根据"It's not yet clear whether cumulative culture separates us from apes.The scientific jury clearly hasn't yet arrived at a decision."可知文章主要讨论了猿类是否能够积累文化.故选D.
点评 本文是一篇新闻报道类阅读.此类题型主要考查学生的细节理解和推理判断能力.细节理解题是针对文中某个细节、某句话或某部分具体内容设置问题,所以在做细节理解题时要结合原文和提干有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析,再结合选项选出正确答案.在做推理判断题时不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实,要联系上下文根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断.在做主旨大意题时考生首先要仔细阅读短文,完整了解信息,准确把握作者观点,确定主旨.
Dennis couldn't stand seeing the dog (38)D.He and his men immediately treated the wound,and gave Nubs medicine.Nubs (39)Abut was still in pain.The next day,the team had to(40)A.Ten days later,Dennis's unit was back,and so was Nubs.He was still(41)D,but the men fed him and played with him.
Before long the unit once again(42)Can outpost (前哨) 70miles away.Nubs,slowly but determinedly,(43)Bthem far into the trackless wasteland until the men lost(44)B of him.Two days later,beyond Dennis's(45)C,he saw Nubs just outside the outpost.The dog had tracked him across 70miles of frozen desert to(46)Cwith the friend who had saved his life.From then on Nubs and the men slept in the same place,and ran around in the same ruins.
Until an order came down from above that they were not(47)Dto have pets,Dennis(48)Ato make sure the dog would continue to live the(49)Blife.So he quickly raised﹩4,000from his family and friends to fly Nubs to(50)B.
A month later,when Dennis and the dog were(51)Din California,at first Nubs didn't recognize the guy.(52)Cwithin minutes,the dog jumped into Dennis's arms,jumping up again and again to(53)Ahis friend's face.
A little(54)Cand concern in the middle of war will not save a violent world.But small stories,like the story of a soldier and a dog,hold a promise of a(n) (55)Bworld.
36.A.mostly | B.certainly | C.hardly | D.never |
37.A.in | B.on | C.at | D.behind |
38.A.stand | B.starve | C.bleed | D.suffer |
39.A.pulled through | B.fell asleep | C.woke up | D.fell down |
40.A.leave | B.rest | C.pass | D.remain |
41.A.hungry | B.tired | C.dirty | D.weak |
42.A.took up | B.took over | C.left for | D.returned from |
43.A.watched | B.followed | C.accompanied | D.barked |
44.A.touch | B.sight | C.control | D.smell |
45.A.ability | B.surprise | C.imagination | D.understanding |
46.A.part | B.fight | C.meet | D.break |
47.A.asked | B.suggested | C.required | D.allowed |
48.A.decided | B.agreed | C.accepted | D.proposed |
49.A.moving | B.good | C.safe | D.interesting |
50.A.London | B.America | C.Iraq | D.Syria |
51.A.found | B.interviewed | C.linked | D.reunited |
52.A.So | B.And | C.But | D.Though |
53.A.lick | B.touch | C.bite | D.clean |
54.A.pity | B.mercy | C.care | D.contribution |
55.A.equal | B.harmonious | C.prosperous | D.amazing |
A. | the salt of the earth | B. | a pie in the sky | ||
C. | the red-carpet treatment | D. | a pound of flesh |