【题目】Divorce Doesn't Just Cause Emotional Upset, It Can Cause Stroke(中风)

Children of divorce can suffer life-long responses to stress. 【1】

The effects of divorce on parents and their children have long been known. 2

. Self-blame, thinking they caused the divorce.

. 3

. Regression of .skills, such as starting to wet themselves after being toilet trained.

. Depression and anger, manifesting as becoming uncooperative, aggressive or disobedient with adults.

. Grief, denial, hoping that their parents will get back together, embarrassment and feeling divided loyalties between the two parents.

Teenagers may become disillusioned(勾想破灭的) with marriage and relationships and refuse to date or say they are not going to get married as adults. If one or both parents are suffering from depression as a result of the loss of their central relationship, they may even attempt to take on caring duties of any younger siblings.

However, all of these effects don't apply to children who are born to a single mother who was never married or co-habiting . 4 They are, however, more likely to suffer from poverty compared with two parent families.

5 Such as older age, smoking, obesity, alcohol usage, healthcare coverage, social support and whether or not the men had mental health disorders.All those with a past history of parental addictions and domestic violence were excluded from the study as these factors are known to increase the risk of stroke.

A. Fear of being Left alone and feelings of abandonment.

B. Children whose parents are divorcing may sffer from:

C. It has been discovered in adulthood men have triple the risk of stroke.

D. They found men whose parents had divorced had tripled more risk than women.

E. The scientists took into consideration other risk factors that could also cause stroke.

F. Medical professionals are now considering parental divorce status as part of their medical history.

G. That is because they don:t suffer the effects of alteration of the family structure or of warring or depressed parents.

【题目】One day, Amy is digging in the ground for a potato when along comes Tom. Seeing that there is no one in sight, Tom starts to scream. Tom’s angry mother rushes over and drives Amy away. Once his mum has gone, Tom helps himself to Amy’s potato.

We’ve all experienced similar annoying tricks when we were young—the brother who stole your ball and then got you into trouble by telling your parents you had hit him. But Amy and Tom are not humans. They’re African baboons(狒狒). __【1】___

Tom’s scream and his mother’s attack on Amy could have been a matter of chance, but Tom was later seen playing the same tricks on others. _2__

Studying behavior like this is complicated but scientists discovered apes(猿) clearly showed that they intended to cheat and knew when they themselves had been cheated. __3___ An ape was annoying him, so he tricked her into going away by pretending he had seen something interesting. When she found nothing, she “walked back, hit me over the head with her hand and ignored me for the rest of the day.”

Another way to decide whether an animal’s behavior is deliberate is to look for actions that are not normal for that animal. A zoo worker describes how an ape dealt with an enemy. “He slowly stole up behind the other ape, walking on tiptoe. When he got close to his enemy, he pushed him violently in the back, then ran indoors.” Wild apes do not normally walk on tiptoe. __4__ But looking at the many cases of deliberate trickery in apes, it is impossible to explain them all as simple copying.

It seems that trickery does play an important part in ape societies. ___5__ Studying the intelligence of our closest relative could be the way to understand the development of human intelligence.

A. An amusing example of this comes from a psychologist working in Tanzania.

B. And playing tricks is as much a part of monkey behavior as it is of human behavior.

C. So the psychologists asked his colleagues if they had noticed this kind of trickery.

D. Of course it’s possible that it could have learnt from humans that such behavior works, without understanding why.

E. This use of a third individual to achieve a goal is only one of the many tricks commonly used by baboons.

F. The ability of animals to cheat may be a better measure of their intelligence than their use of tools.

G. In most cases the animal probably doesn’t know it is cheating.

【题目】请阅读下面的短文,然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。

Many people believe that in the future computers will be used in lots of everyday activities .It is thought that we won’t go shopping because many goods are available on the Internet .There will be no more books because all books will be available from electronic libraries .The Internet will be used to book holidays, rent films and order food. Most telephone calls will be made over the Internet as well .Some people are excited about these new developments .Others , however, do not think that computers will replace our present ways of shopping and communicating .

Is Internet shopping as much fun as traditional shopping ? Many people say it is not .It is fun to go into shops and look as good in person . It is also unlikely that many people will want to read large texts on our computers because paper books will possibly be more user- friendly .Maybe , computers won’t change these habits.

【写作内容】

1.以约30个词概括这段短文的内容;

2.然后以约120个词表达你对“网上购物”这一现象的观点。内容包括:

(1)叙述你身边的同学对网上购物的看法。

(2)你喜欢的购物方式(传统的购物方式还是网上购物)?

(3)结合自己的生活例子说明你喜欢的理由。

【写作要求】

1.作文中可使用自己的亲身经历或虚构的故事,也可以参照阅读材料的内容但不得直接引用原文中的句子。

2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。

【评分标准】

概括准确,语言规范,内容合适,篇章连贯。

【题目】【原创】Humans are well-equipped for life on Earth. But in space, it is different. Low or zero gravity changes how the blood flows and causes motion sickness, muscle loss and tiredness. Weightlessness can also cause bone loss. But scientists are experimenting with little worms to better understand how space travel affects astronauts.

The millimeter-long worm is called C. elegans. The see-through worm is often used in medical studies because its life is only about two weeks long. Seventy percent of its DNA is the same as human DNA.

Sabanayagam is a scientist, who built a micro-gravity simulator to test how C. elegans would perform in the actual zero gravity of space.

Scientists put the worms into the simiulator full of water. After a week they take out the worms. They look for changes in the worms' epigenome,which are chemical markers that tell the DNA in the cells how to perform. The epigenome can be changed by the environment. And those changes pass from one generation of worms to the next.

"When the worms are in a liquid environment, some epigenomic marks remain even when we take the animal out of the liquid environment and put it back into normal ground conditions. So its offspring keeps this epigenomic memory of the parents' liquid environment or microgravity environment."

The information the scientists have gathered suggests that the epigenomic marks appear during the early part of a worm’s life.

Mr. Sabanayagam says he thinks scientists can find genes in the human similar to those in the worms that responded to microgravity and scientists could possibly observe those genes closely when astronauts travel in space.

Sabanayagam expects C. elegans to visit the International Space Station within two years. He says he hopes information gathered from the worm studies can be used to develop simple, low-cost and quick tests to measure an astronaut's health.

【1】What does the underlined word zero gravity” mean?

A. Seasickness B. Muscle loss

C. Weightlessness D. Tiredness.

【2】 From the passage we can know C. elegans _____.

A. has exactly the same DNA as human

B. is harmful to human

C. is often used in agricultural research

D. has a short life period

【3】Why do scientists experiment with C. elegans?

A. Because it has strong life power in water.

B. Because they want to find how space travel affects astronauts

C. Because the worm will be taken into space.

D. Because they want to find what its DNA like.

【4】What is Sabanayagam’s attitude toward the result of the experiment?

A. Hopeful and satisfied.

B. Doubtful and unsure.

C. Sad and disappointed.

D. Surprised and unbelievable.

【5】Which section of a newspaper can you find the passage?

A. Education. B. Science.

C. Advertisement. D. Entertainment.

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