题目内容
19．The huge fortunes made by the world's richest 100billionaires are increasing inequality and making it difficult for the world to tackle （ handle） poverty，according to Oxfam．The charity said the accumulation of wealth and income often led to a reduction in secure jobs and decent wages for the poorest people．This made it more difficult for people who survive on aid or low wages to improve their situation and escape poverty．
Oxfam said the world's poorest could be taken out of poverty several times over if the richest 100billionaires would give away the money they made in 2012．
Without naming anyone，the charity argued that the 240bn made in 2012by the richest 100billionaires would be enough to end extreme poverty four times over．
It is unusual for charities to attack the wealthy，because they are usually seen as a source of money．Bill Gates and Warren Buffett are among a group of 40US billionaires who have said they will give much of their wealth to aid projects，but there is little detail about the level of their annual donations．Russian，Middle Eastern or Chinese billionaires have not promised to do the same．
In the report，The Cost of Inequality：How Wealth and Income Extremes Hurt Us All，published just before the World Economic Forum in Davos，the charity asks world leaders to commit to reducing inequality to at least 1990levels．
The report found that the richest 1% had increased their incomes by 60% in the past 20years．And the financial crisis has sped up，not slowed，the process．
Barbara Stocking，Oxfam's Chief Executive，said studies show that countries suffer low levels of investment and growth as workers are forced to survive on a smaller share of total incomes．
She said："We can no longer pretend that the creation of wealth for a few will benefit the many-too often the reverse is true．"
The report said the issue affected all parts of the world．"In the UK，inequality is rapidly returning to levels not seen since the nineteenth century．In China，the top 10% now earn nearly 60% of the income．Chinese inequality levels are now similar to those in South Africa，which is now the most unequal country on Earth．"
In the US，the share of national income going to the top 1% has doubled since 1980from 10to 20%，the report says．
Members of the richest 1% are estimated to cause as much as 10，000times more pollution than the average US citizen．
Oxfam said world leaders should learn from countries such as Brazil，which has grown rapidly while reducing inequality．
Stocking said："We need to reverse decades of increasing inequality．As a first step，world leaders should formally agree to reduce inequality to the levels seen in 1990．"
She said closing tax havens，which holds as much as 31trillion，or as much as a third of all global wealth，could collect 189bn in additional taxes．
（Note：Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS）
78．According to Oxfam only60bn dollars would be needed to tackle world poverty．
79．Why do Oxfam especially criticize billionaires in China，Russia and the Middle East？
They have not promised their wealth to aid projects．
80．In what way is it claimed that billionaires cause environmental damage？
They pollute far more than the average person．
81．What one action could relieve much of the poverty in the world？
Closing tax havens．
分析 世界上大部分的财富都集中到少数人手里，使对付世界贫困更加困难．
解答 78.60bn 细节题，根据Without naming anyone，the charity argued that the 240bn made in 2012by the richest 100billionaires would be enough to end extreme poverty four times over．可知，在2012年240bn 足以对付4倍多的贫困，可见要想对付世界贫困，有60bn就够了．
79．They have not promised their wealth to aid projects．细节题．在文章中提到Russian，Middle Eastern or Chinese billionaires have not promised to do the same．俄罗斯、中东和中国的富翁没有承诺每年要捐赠多少钱，所以受到了批评．
80．They pollute far more than the average person．细节题．在文章中Members of the richest 1% are estimated to cause as much as 10，000times more pollution than the average US citizen．这句话告诉我们有钱人据估计造成的污染比普通人要高达10，000times．
81．Closing tax havens 细节题．根据文章最后一句话She said closing tax havens，which holds as much as 31trillion，or as much as a third of all global wealth，could collect 189bn in additional taxes．可知，Closing tax havens 是减少世界贫困的一个措施．
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